Effects of Land–Use Systems on Soil Physical, Chemical and Biological Properties in North Eastern Region of India

Manjaiah K M; Siyaram Meena; Vinod Kumar Sharma; Tapan Jyoti Purakayastha; Shrila Das; Ram Swaroop Bana; Sunita Yadav; Anil Kumar; Ravi Saini

doi:10.56093/ijas.v95i11.156915

Authors

Manjaiah K M Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012
Siyaram Meena Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012
Vinod Kumar Sharma Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012
Tapan Jyoti Purakayastha Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012
Shrila Das Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012
Ram Swaroop Bana Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
Sunita Yadav Division of Environmental Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
Anil Kumar Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012
Ravi Saini Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v95i11.156915

Keywords:

Land use systems, Microbial biomass carbon, MWD, Soil organic carbon, Tripura

Abstract

This study was conducted to observe the impact of land use change on soil physical, chemical and biological properties in the subtropical region of Tripura, during 2022 and 2023. The study consisted of 12 treatments, viz. T₁, Oil Palm; T₂, Litchi; T₃, Citrus; T₄, Guava; T₅, Rubber; T₆, Ginger; T₇, Control (A); T₈, Rice–Fallow; T₉, Vegetable Cowpea–Rice–Maize; T₁₀, Vegetable Cowpea–Rice–Lentil; T₁₁, Vegetable Cowpea–Rice–Mustard; and T₁₂, Control (B). The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized block (CRD) design with three replications. Results show that Bulk density (BD) increased with depths, ranging from 1.15 Mg m³ in litchi at 0–15 cm to 1.56 Mg m³ in the control at 75–100 cm, indicating higher compaction in annual crops. Perennial crops like oil palm exhibit the highest mean nitrogen (340 kg ha^–1) and potassium (140 kg ha^–1) availability, with notable reductions in pH from 5.28 (0–15 cm) to 4.70 (75–100 cm). Control plots consistently recorded the lowest values with pH decreasing from 4.93 to 4.52 and nitrogen averaging 219 kg ha^–1. Soil organic carbon (SOC) content was highest in rubber (12.1 g kg^–1) and oil palm (11.9 g kg^–1) and lowest in control plots (5.2 g kg^–1). The SOC decreases with depths, with maximum values at 0–15 cm depth due to organic matter accumulation. Litchi exhibits the highest soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC 423.7 mg kg^–1) and nitrogen (MBN 82.1 mg kg^–1), followed by oil palm, highlighting the role of perennial vegetation in promoting soil health compared to annual crops and fallow land.

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