Preliminary Insights into Fungal Antagonists for Management of Grapevine Foliar Pathogens

S.  Sriram

doi:10.56093/ijas.v95i11.168359

Authors

S. Sriram IIHR, Bangaluru

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v95i11.168359

Keywords:

biocontrol, fungal antagonists, grapes, foliar diseases

Abstract

The present study on identification of novel fungi with antagonistic potential against foliar pathogens of grapes was conducted during 2022-23. Fungi isolated from diverse ecosystems were screened for antagonism against three target pathogens, Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and a hemi-biotrophic oomycete Phytophthora nicotianae chosen as substitute for historically important downy mildew pathogen, Plasmopara viticola. The in-vitro co-culture studies of 42 fungal isolates with target pathogens identified 15 isolates showing mycelia growth inhibition of pathogens by and over 35 per cent. Molecular characterization of these isolates using ITS-1F and 4R primers highlighted the constitution of opportunistic human pathogens (Mucor irregularis), mushrooms (Ganoderma sp. And Lentinula edodes), phytopathogens (Fusarium sp. and Pestalotiopsis sp.) and other novel fungi like Xylaria, Trichoderma, Nemania and Byssochlamys sp. Xylaria species (IIHR_BCF14) demonstrated efficacy comparable to T. harzianum (IIHR_BCF23), inhibiting the mycelial growth of all three target pathogens. Notably, E endophytica (IIHR_BCF20), L. edodes (IIHR_BCF26), and Ganoderma species (IIHR_BCF38, IIHR_BCF40 and IIHR_BCF41) showed specific antifungal activity against A. alternata. The study signifies the complexity associated with management of C. gloeosporioides with very few bioagents demonstrating antifungal activity against the pathogen. The study yielded few preliminary reports on directed antagonism of few biocontrol potent fungi (B. spectabilis, Xylaria sp. against P. nicotianae; E. endophytica against A. alternata) and emphasizes on their exploitation for management of grapevine pathogens

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