First report on pathological alterations and detection of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 in dairy calves of Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh, India

RAHUL SINGH

doi:10.56093/ijans.v96i9.162465

Authors

RAHUL SINGH Dr. G. C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur-176062, Himachal Pradesh, India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v96i9.162465

Keywords:

Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3, respiratory infections, dairy calves, pathology, RT-PCR

Abstract

Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) is a primary viral respiratory pathogen of cattle, causing high morbidity and leading to significant economic losses worldwide. Despite its ubiquitous presence, limited studies have investigated the involvement of BPIV3 in the pathology of respiratory infections in cattle in India. The current study aimed to investigate the presence of BPIV3 in dairy calves under one year of age in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh and describe the associated pathology of the infection. A total of 30 calves were necropsied at the Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Palampur, between June 2021 and June 2022. For the molecular detection of BPIV3, lungs and nasal turbinates were collected at the time of necropsy and stored at -20°C for further processing. Out of 30 necropsied animals, 12 (40%) were found positive for BPIV3 through partial amplification of the nucleoprotein gene using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Grossly, the affected lungs revealed dark red areas of consolidation in cranioventral lobes along with rubbery consistency and rib impressions. Histopathologically, bronchointerstitial pneumonia and interstitial pneumonia were evident. Syncytial cells were present in the alveolar lumen, along with thickening of the interalveolar wall, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and alveolitis. This study, the first of its kind in the Himalayan region, revealed the presence of BPIV3 in the lungs of pneumonic dairy calves using the RT-PCR technique and described its associated pathology, indicating a high prevalence of BPIV3 in the dairy calves of Himachal Pradesh.

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