Epidemiological studies on Foot-and-Mouth disease in western Uttar Pradesh, India

AMIT KUMAR  VERMA; AMIT  KUMAR; SURENDRA  UPADHYAY; AFROZ; VIKAS  JAISWAL; ARBIND  SINGH

doi:10.56093/ijans.v95i7.164647

Authors

AMIT KUMAR VERMA Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U P 250 110, India
AMIT KUMAR Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U P 250 110, India
SURENDRA UPADHYAY Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U P 250 110, India
AFROZ Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U P 250 110, India
VIKAS JAISWAL Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U P 250 110, India
ARBIND SINGH Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut, U P 250 110, India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v95i7.164647

Keywords:

Buffalo, Cattle, FMD virus, Molecular characterization, Serotype O, Sero-prevalence

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), a highly contagious viral infection of cloven-hoofed animals, has a significant financial impact on the dairy industry. Despite the disease being endemic in India, little information is available on the current status of FMD in Uttar Pradesh. The present cross-sectional study was conducted in selected districts of western Uttar Pradesh to determine the seroprevalence, associated risk factors, circulating virus serotypes, and molecular characterisation. Six hundred bovine serum samples were collected using a random sampling approach, while five epithelial tissues were purposively collected from affected animals during FMD outbreaks for the identification and molecular characterisation of FMDV serotypes. Serum samples were processed for antibody detection against non-structural proteins of FMDV using recombinant 3AB3 NSP-ELISA. FMDV serotypes were determined using sandwich ELISA and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Associated risk factors were determined using logistic regression. The overall prevalence of antibodies against FMDV was 14.00 percent (84/600). Animal species and FMD seroprevalence were significantly correlated. Only FMDV serotype O was detected in all epithelial tissue samples after serotyping and molecular analysis. Effective FMD control requires identification of circulating serotypes and associated risk factors, along with the inclusion of multiple animal species in surveillance. Mass vaccination tailored to serotypes, farmer awareness, stricter movement control, improved quarantine, and robust surveillance are vital. Future research should assess vaccine efficacy, outbreak dynamics, and economic impacts to support sustainable control in endemic regions.

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