Do Climate Change Adaptation Practices Enhance Dairy Farmers' Income? Evidence from Odisha, India
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Authors
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Kamlesh Kumar Acharya
ICAR-National Institute for Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, New Delhi
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Anil Kumar Dixit
ICAR
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Sendhil R
Central University of Pondicherry, Department of Economics, Puducherry
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Sanjit Maiti
ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal
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Amit Thakur
ICAR - Vivekananda Parvatiya Krishi Anusandhan Sansthan, Almora, Uttarakhand
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Naveen P. Singh
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Keywords:
Adaptation, Climate Change, Dairy, Endogenous Switching Regression (ESR), Income, ImpactAbstract
Climate change-induced heat stress poses a significant threat to dairy production and farm livelihoods. This study examined the determinants of climate adaptation and its impact on dairy household income using data from 360 dairy farmers in Odisha. A simultaneous equations model combined with endogenous switching regression was employed to account for selection bias and estimate income effects of adaptation. The results showed that herd size, education, access to climate information, climate awareness, and participation in employment programmes significantly increased the likelihood of adopting climate-resilient practices, while larger family size reduced adoption. Farmers with low adaptation levels could increase their income by nearly 68 percent by adopting more than half of the identified adaptation measures. Conversely, highly adaptive farmers would experience an estimated 29 percent decline in income if adoption fell below threshold. The findings highlight the pivotal role of climate adaptation in strengthening the economic resilience of dairy households. Targeted awareness, training, and capacity-building interventions are essential to enhance adoption among low-adopting farmers. Participation in employment programmes such as MGNREGA (now Viksit Bharat Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission–Gramin, VB-G RAM) not only supports household income but also promotes climate-resilient practices. Policy efforts should therefore prioritize vulnerable dairy farmers to accelerate adaptation and improve farm income under a changing climate.
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