Livestock waste-mediated biosynthesis of stable bactericidal silver nanoparticles and their chronic toxicity evaluation in fish using biomarkers

Sowa o Lamare; Kishore Kumar Krishnani; Neeraj Kumar; Madhuri Pathak; Ajay Upadhyay; Biplab Sarkar; A. K. Verma; Puja Chakraborty; N. K. Chadha; Sanjay K. Gupta

doi:10.21077/ijf.2025.72.2.159295-12

Authors

Sowa o Lamare
Kishore Kumar Krishnani Joint Director Academics ICAR Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnoloy Ranchi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2774-7772
Neeraj Kumar
Madhuri Pathak
Ajay Upadhyay
Biplab Sarkar
A. K. Verma
Puja Chakraborty
N. K. Chadha
Sanjay K. Gupta

https://doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2025.72.2.159295-12

Keywords:

Animal waste, Capped silver nanoparticles, Chronic toxicity, Bactericidal activity and physiological responses, Aquaculture

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) are contaminants of emerging concern. However, limited work has been done on chronic toxicity of Ag-NPs to fish using biomarkers. The present study elucidates the extracellular synthesis of non-agglomerated Ag-NPs using processing waste of sheep and swine by dispensing with additional capping agents and their characterisation, and toxicity evaluation on the physiological stress response of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus using biomarkers. Spectrophotometry, FTIR, DLS and HR-TM were employed for characterisation of Ag-NPs. Antioxidant, metabolic and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activities were assayed using standard methods for chronic toxicity analysis of Ag-NPs to fish. Characterisation results showed a spherical shape of AgNPs with predominant size frequency between 5-20, 21-30 followed by 31-50 and 51-100 nm, capping by biomolecules, absorption at 400-410 nm with zeta potential of -27 and -32 mV. Sheep waste-derived Ag-NPs showed high bactericidal properties against fish pathogens. An enhancement in antioxidant and metabolic enzyme activities and inhibition of AChE activity were observed with increased sub-lethal ammonia concentration and temperature. Biosynthesis of Ag-NPs can be undertaken using animal wastes for their potential application in environment and health management of aquaculture based on characterisation, capping, bactericidal activity, biomarkers and physiological responses in fish.

Keywords: Animal waste, Aquaculture, Bactericidal activity, Physiological responses, Capped silver nanoparticles, Chronic toxicity

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Author Biography

Kishore Kumar Krishnani, Joint Director Academics ICAR Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnoloy Ranchi

FELLOW, ELECTED 2016

Born in Durg, Chhatisgad, India on 18 November 1966. Educated at Bhilai Steel Plant School (Biology), Bhilai Nagar, Chhatisgad 1982-1983; Govt. Science College Durg Chhatisgad 1983-1988; Pt Ravishankar Shukla University Raipur 1989-1992; B.Sc.(Biology) 1986; M.Sc. (Organic chemistry) 1988; Ph.D. (Chemistry) in the major field of Organic chemistry/agricultural chemicals 1992. Post-doctoral research at CSIRO Canberra, 2012-2013; Advance research at University of California, 2010; Stevens Institute of Technology in collaboration with University of Minnesota and Georgia Institute of TechnologyUSA, 2004-2005; Overseas Training at SEAFDEC-Philippines 2003.

Joint Director (Academic), ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Ranchi August 2023 to date

Assistant Professor (Honorary), Govt. Science College Durg, Chhatisgad, 1988-1992; Scientist (Probationer), NAARM Hyderabad and CTRI, Rajhamundry, Andra Pradesh, 1993-1994; Scientist, 1994-1998; Scientist (SS), 1998-2002; Senior Scientist, 2002-2008; Principal Scientist, 2009 onwards, ICAR-Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture Chennai, Tamil Nadu; Principal Scientist, ICAR-Directorate of Weed Science Research, Jabalpur (MP), 2011; Head, School of Edaphic Stress Management, ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management, Malegaon, Baramati-Pune, 2012-17; I/c-Head-Schools of Edaphic/Atmospheric Stress Management, ICAR-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management 2017-18, Head (A), Division of Aquaculture, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE) 2020-21, Head (A), Aquatic Environment and Health Management, CIFE January-July 2023, Principal Scientist, CIFE, Mumbai 2018-2023.

Awards/Honours: BRSI’s BHU-Centennial Award-2023 in the field of Environmental biotechnology, Rafi Ahmed Kidwai Award for outstanding Research in Agricultural Sciences (Animal and Fisheries Sciences)-2019, Best Poster Award-2017-National Seminar on Climate Resilient saline agriculture; Australia Awards Trusted Mentor 2014; Australian Govt (DWEER) sponsored Endeavour Award/Fellowship on recombinant DNA technology/enzymatic bioremediation 2012; CIBA's Silver Jubilee Celebration- Best Paper Presentation Award -2012; Journal-Best Article Award - 2012; ICAR-NAIP-HRD-overseas Fellowship on nanobioremediation and biosensor 2010; BRSI-Best Poster Award- International Conference-2007; 7th Asian/Indian Fisheries Forum-Young Scientist Award 2005; TCTP-Japanese International Cooperation Agency sponsored training on Responsible Aquaculture Development 2003; Department of Biotechnology's long term Overseas Associateship on bioremediation using molecular techniques 2004; Recognized from Madras University to guide students for Ph.D. 2000 to date; CSIR-SRF-1992; CSIR-UGC JRF/ARS Lectureship (NET) 1991-1992.

Fellow: Member of Governing Body-the Biotech Research Society, India (BRSI)-2021-2023, Fellow of the Biotech Research Society, India (BRSI-CSIR-NIIST), Member of the National Academy of Sciences, India, 2017; Nominated Member of IMC-NIASM, 2014-17; Nominated Member of IMC-CIFRI, 2020-Current; Life Member-Biotech Research Society of India; Executive member - Coastal Aquaculture Society of India 2006-14; Life member - Society of Pesticide Science India; Member - Society of Aquaculture Professionals, 2007-08.

Research Areas: ; Mitigation of Climate change induced abiotic and biotic stresses in multidisciplinary farming systems using multi-omics; Environmental biotechnology; Contaminants of Emerging concern; Nano (bio) technology; Agricultural biotechnology education.

Address: Joint Director (Academic), ICAR-Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Garkhatanga, Ranchi-834003; 6B, Durga Mansion, Oberiya Road, Hatia, Ranchi-834003Cell: 8097667980, 8788679672; Email: ; krishnanik@hotmail.com; kishor.krishnani@icar.gov.in]

Recognition Award 2017-2018

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