Evaluation of Native Rhizobia Strains on the Growth and Yield Attributes of Rainfed Chickpea

Rawan Haya Adnan Al-Khateeb; Mahmoud Abu Gharraa; Mohammad Said Al-Shater

doi:10.56093/aaz.v59i1 & 2.103047

Authors

Rawan Haya Adnan Al-Khateeb Soil Sciences Department, Damascus University, Syria
Mahmoud Abu Gharraa Soil Sciences Department, Damascus University, Syria
Mohammad Said Al-Shater Plant Protection Department, Damascus University, Syria

https://doi.org/10.56093/aaz.v59i1%20&%202.103047

Abstract

This research aims to explore the effect of inoculation with nitrogen-fixing bacteria and with or without chemical nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and productivity of chickpea under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in split-plot design with three replicates at Hout Research Station of Agricultural Scientific Research Center in As-Suwayda governorate. Nitrogen fertilizer treatments (N 0%, N 100% of recommended dose) were according to the ministry of agriculture recommendation; the bacterial treatments were ten (eight treatments were inoculation with different chickpea bacterial isolates and a ninth one was inoculation with mixture of eight isolates and the tenth was uninoculated control treatment). The results showed that the isolates R1, R4 and R8 exceeded all others in terms of productivity (t ha-1), weight of dry matter, weight of dry nodules per plant (g plant-1), plant height (cm) and seeds number per plant. As for the interaction between bacterial inoculation and chemical nitrogen fertilization, the treatments R1 N 100% and R4 N 100% exceeded all others in terms of all the studied parameters of growth and productivity. Rhizobia inoculation and chemical nitrogen fertilization for the treatments R1 N 100% increased the weight of dry nodules per plant by 228.66% compared to non-inoculated plants. Results indicated that application of suitable amounts of N fertilizer can be beneficial to improve nodulation, growth, and final yield of inoculated chickpea plants. Based on results, it can be concluded that the two strains R1 and R4 can be promising to increase the growth and productivity of chickpea plants. Key words: Rainfed chickpea, nitrogen fixing bacteria, nitrogen fertilization, bio-fertilizer, Rhizobia, productivity.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abu Ghurra, M. 1997. Bacterial Plant Diseases (theoretical and practical). Damascus: Damascus University Publications: 350-359. Achakzai, A.K.K. and Bangulzai, M.I. 2006. Effect of various levels of nitrogen fertilizer on the yield

and yield attributes of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Botany 2: 331-340. Adgo, E. and Schulze, J. 2002. Nitrogen fixation and assimilation efficiency in Ethiopian and German pea varieties. Plant and Soil 239: 291-299. Albayrak, S., Sevimay, C.S. and Tongel, O. 2006. Effect of inoculation with rhizobium on seed yield and yield components of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 30: 31-37. Ali, H., Khan, M.A. and Randhawa, Sh. A. 2004. Interactive effect of seed inoculation and phosphorus application on growth and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 6: 110-112. Andrews, M. and Andrews, M.E. 2017. Specificity in legume-rhizobia symbioses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18: 705. Amany, A.B. 2007. Effect of plant density and urea foliar application on yield and yield components of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 3: 220-223. Baset Mia, M.A. and Shamsuddin, Z.H. 2010. Rhizobium as a crop enhancer and biofertilizer for increased cereal production. African Journal of Biotechnology 9: 6001-6009. Begum, A.A., Leibovitch, S., Migner, P. and Zhang, F. 2001. Inoculation of pea (Pisum sativum L.) by Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viceae preincubated with naringenin and hesperetin or application of naringenin and hesperetin directly into soil increased pea nodulation under short season conditions. Plant and Soil 237: 71-80. Caliskan, S., Ozkaya, I., Caliskan, M.E. and Arslan, M. 2008. The effect of nitrogen and iron fertilization on growth, yield and fertilizer use efficiency of soybean in Mediterranean type soil. Field Crops Research 108: 126-132. Cheminingwa, G.N. and Vessey, J.K. 2006. The abundance and efficacy of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae in cultivated soils of eastern Canadian prairie. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38: 294-302. Clayton, G.W., Rice, W.A., Lupwayi, N.Z., Johnston, A.M., Lafond, G.P., Grant, C.A. and Walley, F. 2004. Inoculant formulation and fertilizer nitrogen effects on field pea: Nodulation, N2 fixation and nitrogen partitioning. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84: 79-88. Dakora, F.D. 2004. Effects of symbiotic legumes and rhizobia on plant and microbial biodiversity in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems. Annals of Arid Zone 43(3&4): 377-390. Das, A., Jakasaniya, M.S., Patel, K.H. and Patel, P.T. 2000. Effect of graded levels of nitrogen and phosphorus on yield and nutrients uptake by hybrid fodder sorghum under rainfed situation. Annals of Arid Zone 39(2): 163-168.

RHIZOBIA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHICKPEA

De Oliveira, A.N., De Oliveira, L.A., Andrade, J.S. and Chagas, J.A.F. 2007. Rhizobia amylase production using various starchy substances as carbon substrates. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 38: 208-216. Deora, G.S. and Singhal, K. 2010. Isolation, biochemical characterization and preparation of bio-fertilizers using Rhizobium strains for commercial use. Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 3: 132-136. Elsheikh, M.A., EL-Tilib, A.M.A. and ELSheikh, E.A.E. 2005. A Note on the effect of phosphate rock, triple superphosphate, Bradyrhizobium and their combination on the available soil phosphorus in shambat clay soil. University of Khartoum Journal of Agricultural Sciences 13: 488493. Erman, M., Demir S., Ocak, E., Tufenkci, S., OÄŸuz, F. and AkkÃ¶prÃ¼, A. 2011. Effects of Rhizobium, arbuscular mycorrhiza and whey applications on some properties in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under irrigated and rainfed conditions 1-yield, yield components, nodulation and AMF colonization. Field Crops Research 122: 14-24. FAO 2007. Methods of analysis for soils of arid and semi-arid regions. Food and Agriculture Organization. Rome, Italy. pp. 64-77. Fatima, Z., Bano, A., Sial, R. and Aslam, M. 2008. Response of chickpea to plant growth regulators on nitrogen fixation and yield. Pakistan Journal of Botany 40: 2005-2013. Franche, C., Lindstrom, K. and Elmerich, C. 2009. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with leguminous and non-leguminous plants. Plant and Soil 32: 35-59. Gao, Fang-Lei Che, Xiu-Xia Yu, Fei-Hai and Li, J.M. 2019. Cascading effects of nitrogen, rhizobia and parasitism via a host plant. Flora 251: 62-67. Goszczynska, T., Serfontein, J.J. and Serfontein, S. 2000. Introduction to practical phytobacteriology (A manual for phytobacteriology), first edition. Safrient-loop of BioNet-International. ISBN: 0-62025487-4: 83. Herrmann, L., Chotte, J.L., Thuita, M. and Lesueur, D. 2014. Effects of cropping systems, maize residues application and N fertilization on promiscuous soybean yields and diversity of native rhizobia in Central Kenya. Pedobiologia- Journal of Soil Ecology 57: 75-85. Holt, J.G., Kreig, N.R., Sneath, P.H.A., Staley, J.T. and Williams. S.T. 1994. Bergeâ€™s Manual of determinative bacteriology. 9th Ed., Williams and Wilknis, Baltimore, USA: 40-169. Kalaghatagi, S.B., Jirali, D.I., Wali, S.Y. and Nagod, M.S. 2000. Response of foxtail millet (Setaria italica) to nitrogen and phosphorus under rainfed conditions of northern dry zone of Karnataka. Annals of Arid Zone 39(2): 169-171.

Kanika, M., Dogra, T. and Nain, L. 2010. Biochemical and molecular characterization of Mesorhizobiumciceri Containing acdS Gene. Journal of Plant Biochemistry & Biotechnology India 19: 107-110. Kantar, F., Elkoca, E., Ã–gÃ¼tÃ§Ã¼, H. and Algur, Ã–., 2003. Chickpea yields in relation to Rhizobium inoculation from wild chickpea at high altitudes. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 189: 291-297. Karadavut, U. and Ozdemir, S. 2001. Effect of Rhizobium inoculation and nitrogen application on yield and yield characters of chickpea. Anadolu 11: 14-22. Keyser, H.H., Somasegaran, P. and Bohlool, B.B. 1993. Rhizobia ecology and technology. In Soil Microbial Ecology, Application in Agricultural and Environmental Management Blain Metting (Ed. F. Blaine Metting), pp. 205-226. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. Kimiti, J.M. and Odee, D.W. 2010. Integrated soil fertility management enhances population and effectiveness of indigenous cowpea rhizobia in semi-arid eastern Kenya. Applied Soil Ecology 45: 304-309. Kucuk, C. and KÄ±vanc, M. 2008. Preliminary characterization of Rhizobium strains isolated from chickpea nodules. African Journal of. Biotechnology 7: 772-775. Kurdali, F. 1996. Nitrogen and Phosphorus assimilation, mobilization and partitioning in Rain-fex Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Field Crop Research 47: 81-92. Kurdali, F. 2001. Biological Stabilization of Atmospheric Nitrogen. Publications of the Syrian Atomic Energy Commission, Damascus, 124 p. Leary, G.J.O., Joshi, N.L. and Van Oosterom, E.J. 2008. A Simulation study of the response of plant-type and nitrogen fertilization on the grain yield of pearl millet. Annals of Arid Zone 47(2): 121-137. Liu, A., Contador, C.A., Fan, K. and Lam, H. 2018. Interaction and Regulation of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus Metabolisms in Root Nodules of Legumes. Frontiers in Plant Science 18: 18601876. Malik, M.A., Cheema, M.A. and Khan, H.Z. 2006. Growth and yield response of soybean (Glycine max L.) to seed inoculation and varying phosphorus levels. Journal of Agricultural Research 44: 47-53. Mathenge, C., Thuita, M., Masso, C., GweyiOnyango, J. and Vanlauwe, B. 2019. Variability of soybean response to rhizobia inoculant, vermicompost, and a legume-specific fertilizer blend in Siaya County of Kenya. Soil & Tillage Research 194: 104290. McKenzie, B.A. and Hill, G.D. 1995. Growth and yield of two chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) varieties in

AL-KHATEEB et al.

Canterbury, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 23: 467-474. Namvar, A., SeyedSharifi, R. and Khandan, T. 2011. Growth analysis and yield of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in relation to organic and in organic nitrogen fertilization. Ekologija 57: 97-108. Ogutcu, H., Algur, O.F., Elkoca, E. and Kantar, F. 2008. The determination of symbiotic effectiveness of Rhizobium strains isolated from wild chickpea collected from high altitudes in Erzurum. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 32: 241-248. Ã–ÄŸÃ¼tÃ§Ã¼, H., KasimoÄŸlua, C. and Elkoca, E. 2010. Effects of rhizobium strains isolated from wild chickpeas on the growth and symbiotic performance of chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) under salt stress. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 34: 361-371. Oliveira, A., Ferreira, E.M. and Pampulha, M.E. 1997. Nitrogen fixation, nodulation and yield of clover plants co-inoculated with root -colonizing bacteria. Symbioses 23: 35-42. Papastylianou, I. and Danso, S.K.A. 1991. Nitrogen fixation and transfer in vetch and vetch- oats mixture. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 23(5): 447452. Peoples, M.B., Herridge, D.F. and Ladha, J.K. 1995. Biological nitrogen fixation: An efficient source of nitrogen for sustainable agricultural production. Plant and soil 174: 3-28. Poole, P., Ramachandran, V. and Terpolilli, J. 2018. Rhizobia: From saprophytes to endosymbionts. Nature Reviews Microbiology 16: 291-303. Rao, A.V. and Dass, H.C. 1989. Growth of fruit plants as influenced by nitrogen fixing bacteria. Annals of Arid Zone 28(1-2): 143-147. Rawsthorne, S., Hadley, P., Summerfield, R.J. and Roberts, E.H. 1985. Effect of supplemental nitrate and thermal regime on the nitrogen nutrient of chickpea (Cicer aretinum L.). Plant and Soil 83: 279-293. Rhinhart, K., Petrie, S., Blake, N., Jacobson, E., Correa, R., Coppock, L. and Hulick, D. 2003. Growing Chickpea in Eastern Oregon. Oregon Deptt. of Agric: 1-24. Rosenberg, E., Delong, E.F., Lory, S., Stackebrandt, E. and Thompson, F. 2014. The Prokaryotes. 4th Ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 315-328. Roy, S., Saxena, P. and Bano, R. 2012. Soil biota buildup under organic and inorganic fertilization in semi-arid central India. Annals of Arid Zone 51(2): 91-98. Rudresh, D.L., Shivaprakash, M.K. and Prasad, R.D. 2005. Effect of combined application of Rhizobium, phosphate solubilizing bacterium and Trichoderma spp. on growth, nutrient uptake and

yield of chickpea (Cicer aritenium L.). Applied Soil Ecology 28: 139-146. Salvagiotti, F., Cassman, K.G., Specht, J.E., Walters, D.T., Weiss, A. and Dobermann, A. 2008. Nitrogen uptake, fixation, and response to N in soybeans: A review. Field Crops Research 108: 1-13. Shrivastava, U.K., Rajput, R.L. and Dwivedi. M.L. 2000. Response of soybean-mustard cropping system to sulfur and biofertilizers on farmerâ€™s field. Legume Research 23: 277-278. Siddiqi, Z.A. and Mahmood, I. 2001. Effects of rhizobacteria and root symbionts on the reproduction of Meloidogyne javanica and growth of chickpea. Bioresource Technology 79: 41-45. Singh, S. 1977. Effect of Rhizobia inoculation on nodulation and yield of Moong [Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek]. Annals of Arid Zone 16(1): 61-66. Sinha, K. and Ramakrishna, K. 1996. Variation among promising genotypes of fenugreek (Trigonella foenungraecum Linn.) for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Annals of Arid Zone 35(4): 331-334. Sogut, T. 2006. Rhizobium inoculation improves yield and nitrogen accumulation in soybean (Glycine max) cultivars better than fertilizer. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 34: 115120. Sprent, J.I., Ardley, J. and James, E.K. 2017. Biogeography of nodulated legumes and their nitrogen-fixing symbionts. New Phytol 215: 40-56. Stancheva, I., Geneva, M., Zehirov, G., Tsvestkova, G., Hristozkova, M. and Georgiev, G. 2006. Effects of combined inoculation of pea plants with arbuscular mycorrizal fungi and rhizobium on nodule formation and nitrogen-fixing activity. General and Applied Plant Physiology (special issue): 61-66. Suslow, T.V., Schroth, M.N. and Isaka, M. 1982. Application of a rapid method for gram differentiation of plant pathogenic and saprophytic bacteria without staining. Phytopathology 72(7): 917-918. Teng, Y., Wang, X., Li, L., Li, Z. and Luo, Y. 2015. Rhizobia and their bio-partners as novel drivers for functional remediation in contaminated soils. Frontiers in Plant Science 6:32. Togay, N., Togay, Y., Cimrin, K.M. and Turan, M. 2008. Effect of Rhizobium inoculation, sulfur and phosphorus application on yield, yield components and nutrient uptake in chick pea (Cicer aretinum L.). African Journal of Biotechnology 7: 776-782. Vanlauwe, B., Hungria, M., Kanampiu, F. and Giller, K.E. 2019. The role of legumes in the sustainable intensification of African smallholder agriculture: Lessons learnt and challenges for the future. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 284, 106583.

RHIZOBIA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF CHICKPEA

Vora, V.D., Hirpara, D.S., Vekariya, P.D., Vala, F.G. and Modhvadiya, V.L. 2019. Effect of nutrient management on yield of Bt cotton under dry farming conditions in north Saurashtra agroclimatic zone. Annals of Arid Zone 58(1&2): 61-63. Walley, F.L., Boahen, S.K., Hnatowich, G. and Stevenson, C. 2005. Nitrogen and phosphorus

fertility management for desi and kabuli chickpea. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 85: 73-79. Werner, D. and Newton, W.E. 2005. Nitrogen fixation in agriculture, forestry, ecology and environment (New York: Springer): 5-13.