Salt Stress and its Implications in Vegetable Crops with Special Reference to the Cucurbitaceae Family
306 / 139
Authors
-
Firdes Ulas
Erciyes University, Kayseri-Türkiye
-
Hawkar Hama Hadi Hama Ameen Hama Ameen
Erciyes University, Kayseri-Türkiye
-
Abdullah Ulas
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, Kayseri-Türkiye
Keywords:
Salt stress, salinity tolerance, abiotic stressAbstract
Salt stress is a significant abiotic factor that constrains agricultural productivity by impairing plant growth, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Vegetables, ranging from sensitive to moderately tolerant to salinity, experience adverse effects such as disruptions in seed germination, growth, flowering, and fruit development. Salinity hampers water uptake from the soil, as higher salt concentrations in the root zone increase the energy required by plants to absorb water. Sodium salts, in particular, interfere with the uptake of essential nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, leading to nutritional imbalances. Furthermore, salinity induces oxidative and osmotic stress, ion toxicity, and hormonal disturbances, while also heightening plants‘ susceptibility to diseases. Crops in the Cucurbitaceae family, such as Cucumis sativus (cucumber) and Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), are known to exhibit diverse physiological and biochemical strategies to cope with salinity, including efficient ion transport regulation, osmolyte production, and antioxidant activity. Crops in the Cucurbitaceae family, such as Cucumis sativus (cucumber) and Citrullus lanatus (watermelon), exhibit diverse physiological strategies to cope with salinity. These traits are critical due to their economic significance in global agriculture. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial due to the economic significance of this family in global agriculture. This review examines the effects of salt stress on plant growth and development, explores tolerance mechanisms, and highlights the potential of crops from the Cucurbitaceae family to contribute to sustainable agricultural practices.
Downloads
References
Acosta-Motos, J.R., Ortuño, M.F., Bernal-Vicente, A., Diaz-Vivancos, P., Sanchez-Blanco, M.J. and Hernandez, J.A. 2017. Plant responses to salt stress: Adaptive mechanisms. Agronomy 7(1):): 18.
Ahanger, M.A., Tomar, N.S., Tittal, M., Argal, S. and Agarwal, R.M. 2017. Plant growth under water/salt stress: ROS production; antioxidants and significance of added potassium under such conditions. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 23(4): 731-744.
Ahmad, R., Hussain, S., Anjum, A., Khalid, M.F., Saqib, F.M., Zakir, I., Hassan, A., Fahad, S.and Ahmad, S. 2019. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms in plants under salt stress. In Plant abiotic stress tolerance (pp. 191-205). Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG..
Ashraf, M. 2004. Some important physiological selection criteria for salt tolerance in plants. FloraMorphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 199(5): 361-376.
Bejaoui, F., Salas, J.J., Nouairi, I., Smaoui, A., Abdelly, C., Martínez-Force, E. and Youssef, N.B. 2016. Changes in chloroplast lipid contents and chloroplast ultrastructure in Sulla carnosa and Sulla coronaria leaves under salt stress. Journal of Plant Physiology 198: 32-38.
Bhattacharjee, S. 2019. ROS and oxidative stress: Origin and implication. In Reactive oxygen species in plant biology (pp. 1-31). New Delhi, India: Springer Nature India Private Limited.
Bybordi, A. and Tabatabaei, J. 2009. Effect of salinity stress on germination and seedling properties in canola cultivars (Brassica napus L.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 37(2): 71-76.
Carillo, P., Annunziata, M.G., Pontecorvo, G., Fuggi, A. and Woodrow, P. 2011. Salinity stress and salt tolerance. In Abiotic stress in plants: Mechanisms and adaptations (pp. 21-38).
Chaves, M.M., Flexas, J. and Pinheiro, C. 2009. Photosynthesis under drought and salt stress: Regulation mechanisms from whole plant to cell. Annals of Botany 103(4): 551-560.
Choudhury, F.K., Rivero, R.M., Blumwald, E. and Mittler, R. 2017. Reactive oxygen species, abiotic stress and stress combination. The Plant Journal 90(5): 856-867.
El-Beltagi, H.S., Ahmed, M.F. and Mohamed, H.I. 2021. Salinity stress and its impact on plants. In Metabolic adaptations in plants during abiotic stress (pp. 63-91).
Flexas, J., Bota, J., Galmes, J., Medrano, H. and Ribas-Carbó, M. 2006. Keeping a positive carbon balance under adverse conditions: Responses of photosynthesis and respiration to water stress. Physiologia Plantarum 127(3): 343-352.
Flowers, T.J. 2004. Improving crop salt tolerance. Journal of Experimental Botany 55: 307-319.
Geilfus, C.M. 2018. Chloride: From nutrient to toxicant. Plant and Cell Physiology 59(5): 877-886.
Gill, S.S. and Tuteja, N. 2010. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 48(12): 909-930.
Greenway, H. and Munns, R. 1980. Mechanisms of salt tolerance in nonhalophytes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 31(1): 149-190.
Gupta, B. and Huang, B. 2014. Mechanism of salinity tolerance in plants: Physiological, biochemical, and molecular characterization. International Journal of Genomics Article ID 701596.
Gürel, A. and Avcıoğlu, R. 2001. Physiology of stress tolerance in plants. In Özcan, S., Gürel, E. and Babaoğlu, M. (Eds.), Plant biotechnology II: Genetic engineering and applications (pp. 308-313). Selçuk University Foundation Publications.
Hadi, M.R. and Karimi, N. 2012. The role of calcium in plants‘ salt tolerance. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 35(13): 2037-2054.
Hameed, A., Ahmed, M.Z., Hussain, T., Aziz, I., Ahmad, N., Gul, B. and Nielsen, B.L. 2021. Effects of salinity stress on chloroplast structure and function. Cells 10(8): 2023.
Hao, S., Wang, Y., Yan, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, J. and Chen, S. 2021. A review on plant responses to salt stress and their mechanisms of salt resistance. Horticulturae 7(6): Article 132.
Hasanuzzaman, M., Raihan, M., Hossain, R., Masud, A.A.C., Rahman, K., Nowroz, F., Rahman, M., Nahar, K. and Fujita, M. 2021. Regulation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense in plants under salinity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22(17): Article 9326.
Hedrich, R. and Shabala, R. 2018. Stomata in a saline world. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 46, 87-95.
Huang, G.T., Ma, S.L., Bai, L.P., Zhang, L., Ma, H., Jia, P., Liu, J., Zhong, M. and Guo, Z.F. 2012. Signal transduction during cold, salt, and drought stresses in plants. Molecular Biology Reports 39(2): 969-987.
Huang, H., Ullah, F., Zhou, D.X., Yi, M. and Zhao, Y. 2019. Mechanisms of ROS regulation of plant development and stress responses. Frontiers in Plant Science 10: Article 800.
Ibrahim, E.A. 2016. Seed priming to alleviate salinity stress in germinating seeds. Journal of Plant Physiology 192: 38-46.
Isayenkov, S.V. 2012. Physiological and molecular aspects of salt stress in plants. Cytology and Genetics 46(5): 302-318.
Ji, H., Pardo, J.M., Batelli, G., Van, M.J., Osten, O., Bressan, R.A. and Li, X. 2013. The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway: Established and emerging roles. Molecular Plant 6(2): 275-286.
John, R., Ahmad, P., Gadgil, K. and Sharma, S. 2023. The impact of salt stress on cucurbits: Physiological and molecular perspectives. MDPI Plants 12(16): Article 2927.
Kader, M.A. and Lindberg, S. 2010. Cytosolic calcium and pH signaling in plants under salinity stress. Plant Signaling & Behavior 5(3): 233-238.
Kaleem, F., Shabir, G., Aslam, K., Rasul, S., Manzoor, M., Shah, S.M. and Khan, A.R. 2018. An overview of the genetics of plant response to salt stress: Present status and the way forward. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 186(2): 306-334.
Karimi, S., Yadollahi, A., Arzani, A., Imani, A. and Aghaalikhani, M. 2015. Gas-exchange response of almond genotypes to water stress. Photosynthetica 53(1): 29-34.
Kiremit, M.S., Hacıkamiloğlu, M.S., Arslan, H. and Kurt, O. 2017. The effects of different irrigation water salinity levels on the germination and early seedling growth of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Anatolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 32(3): 350-357.
Koç, D.L. 2011. Improvement of saline-sodic soils in the Lower Seyhan Plain using different methods (Doctoral dissertation). Çukurova University, Adana.
Kumar, D., Kaur, G. and Pannu, P.P.S. 2019. Proline metabolism and salt stress tolerance in plants. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 508(1): 104-110.
Kumar, S., Gupta, A. and Sharma, R. 2023. Salt tolerance mechanisms in Cucurbitaceae species and their potential for cultivation in saline regions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25(16): 9051.
Lan, X.T.H., Nhi, N.D.H., Thu, B.N.A., Thao, P.N. and Phan, L.S. 2017. Transcription factors and their roles in signal transduction in plants under abiotic stresses. Current Genomics 18(6): 483-497.
Liang, W., Ma, X., Wan, P. and Liu, L. 2018. Plant salt-tolerance mechanism: A review. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 495(1): 286-291.
Miyake, H., Mitsuya, S. and Rahman, M.S. 2006. Ultrastructural effects of salinity stress in higher plants. In Abiotic stress tolerance in plants (pp. 215-226). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
Møller, I.M., Jensen, P.E. and Hansson, A. 2007. Oxidative modifications to cellular components in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology 58: 459- 481.
Muchate, N.S., Nikalje, G.C., Rajurkar, N.S., Suprasanna, P. and Nikam, T.D. 2016. Plant salt stress: Adaptive responses, tolerance mechanism and bioengineering for salt tolerance. The Botanical Review 82(4): 371-406.
Munns, R. 2002. Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell & Environment 25(2): 239- 250.
Munns, R. 2005. Genes and salt tolerance: Bringing them together. New Phytologist 167(3): 645-663.
Munns, R. and Tester, M. 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology 59: 651-681.
Nikalje, G.C., Nikam, T.D. and Suprasanna, P. 2017. Looking at halophytic adaptation to high salinity through genomics landscape. Current Genomics 18(6): 542-552.
Paciolla, C., Paradiso, A. and De Pinto, M.C. 2016. Cellular redox homeostasis as central modulator in plant stress response. In Redox state as a central regulator of plant-cell stress responses (pp. 1-23). Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
Pang, C. H. and Wang, B. S. 2008. Oxidative stress and salt tolerance in plants. In Progress in botany (pp. 231-245). Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Parida, A.K. and Das, A.B. 2005. Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: A review. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 60: 324-349.
Parihar, P., Singh, S., Singh, R., Singh, V.P. and Prasad, S.M. 2015. Effect of salinity stress on plants and their tolerance strategies: A review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22(6): 4056-4075.
Park, H.J., Kim, W.Y. and Yun, D.J. 2016. A new insight of salt stress signaling in plants. Molecules and Cells 39(6): 447.
Pastori, G.M. and Foyer, C.H. 2002. Common components, networks, and pathways of cross-tolerance to stress: The central role of redox and abscisic acid-mediated controls. Plant Physiology 129: 460-468.
Pirasteh-Anosheh, H., Ranjbar, G., Pakniyat, H. and Emam, Y. 2016. Physiological mechanisms of salt stress tolerance in plants: An overview. In Plant-environment interaction: Responses and Approaches to Mitigate Stress (pp. 141-160). New Jersey, USA: John Wiley & Sons.
Qadir, M., Quillérou, E., Nangia, V., Murtaza, G., Singh, M., Thomas, R.J., Drechsel, P. and Noble, A.D. 2014. Economics of salt-induced land degradation and restoration. Natural Resources Forum, 38(4): 282-295.
Saleh, B. 2012. Salt stress alters physiological indicators in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Soil & Environment 31(2): 113-118
Sathee, L., Sairam, R.K., Chinnusamy, V. and Jha, S.K. 2015. Differential transcript abundance of salt overly sensitive (SOS) pathway genes are a determinant of salinity stress tolerance of wheat. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 37(8): 1-10.
Saxena, S.C., Kaur, H., Verma, P., Petla, B.P., Andugula, V.R. and Majee, M. 2013. Osmoprotectants: Potential for crop improvement under adverse conditions. In Plant acclimation to environmental stress (pp. 197-232). New York, USA: Springer Science+Business Media New York.
Schaefer, H., Renner, S.S. and Kocyan, A. 2022. Cucurbitaceae: Ancient domestication and global importance in human diets. New Phytologist 160(15): 356-369.
Shah, W.H., Rasool, A., Saleem, S., Mushtaq, N.U., Tahir, İ., Hakeem, K.R. and Rehman, R.W. 2021. Understanding the integrated pathways and mechanisms of transporters, protein kinases, and transcription factors in plants under salt stress. International Journal of Genomics, 2021, Article 1-20.
Shahzad, B., Fahad, S., Tanveer, M., Saud, S. and Khan, I.A. 2019. Plant responses and tolerance to salt stress. In Approaches for enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in plants (pp. 61-78). Florida, USA: CRC Press.
Shannon, M.C. and Francois, L.E. 1978. Salt tolerance of three muskmelon cultivars. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 103, 127-130.
Singh, M., Kumar, J., Singh, S., Singh, V.P. and Prasad, S.M. 2015. Roles of osmoprotectants in improving salinity and drought tolerance in plants: A review. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology 14(3): 407-426.
Tester, M. and Davenport, R. 2003. Na+ tolerance and Na+ transport in higher plants. Annals of Botany 91(5): 503-527.
Tuteja, N. 2007. Mechanisms of high salinity tolerance in plants. Methods in Enzymology 428: 419-438.
Urao, T., Yakubov, B., Satoh, R., Yamaguchi- Shinozaki, K., Seki, M., Hirayama, T. and Shinozaki, K. 1999. A transmembrane hybrid-type histidine kinase in Arabidopsis functions as an osmosensor. The Plant Cell, 11(9): 1743-1754.
Wang, H., Li, J., Zhang, Q. and Zhao, Y. 2023. Advances in understanding plant responses to salt stress: Physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24(21): Article 15740.
Wu, H. 2018. Plant salt tolerance and Na+ sensing and transport. The Crop Journal 6(3): 215-225.
Wu, G.Q., Jiao, Q. and Shui, Q.Z. 2015. Effect of salinity on seed germination, seedling growth, and inorganic and organic solutes accumulation in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Plant, Soil and Environment 61(5): 220-226.
Yamaguchi, T. and Blumwald, E. 2005. Developing salt-tolerant crop plants: Challenges and opportunities. Trends in Plant Science 10(12): 615-620.
Yang, Y. and Guo, Y. 2018a. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms mediating plant salt-stress responses. New Phytologist 217(2): 523-539.
Yang, Y. and Guo, Y. 2018b. Unraveling salt stress signaling in plants. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 60(9): 796-804.
Yokoi, S., Bressan, R.A. and Hasegawa, P.M. 2002. Salt stress tolerance of plants. JIRCAS Working Report, 23(1): 25-33.
Yousfi, S., Serret, M.D. and Araus, J.L. 2020. Comparative response of grafted and ungrafted cucurbits under salt stress: Ion partitioning and stress mitigation. Agronomy 10(6): Article 880.
Zahedi, S.M., Hosseini, M.S., Fahadi Hoveizeh, N., Gholami, R., Abdelrahman, M. and Tran, L.P.S. 2021. Exogenous melatonin mitigates salinity-induced damage in olive seedlings by modulating ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense, and phytohormone balance. Physiologia Plantarum 173(4): 1682-1694.
Zhang, J.L. and Shi, H. 2013. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of plant salt tolerance. Photosynthesis Research 115(1): 1-22.
Zhao, C., Zhang, H., Song, C., Zhu, J.K. and Shabala, S. 2020. Mechanisms of plant responses and adaptation to soil salinity. The Innovation 1(1): Article 100017.
Zulfiqar, F., Akram, N.A. and Ashraf, M. 2020. Osmoprotection in plants under abiotic stresses: New insights into a classical phenomenon. Planta 251(1): 1-17.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 As per Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
