Navigating Alternaria Blight in Cumin over the Decades: A Critical Review for Arid and Semi-arid Regions of India

Abstract

Alternaria blight management in cumin cultivation is critical due to its significant impact on both yield and quality, particularly in major exporting countries like India. This review underscores the formidable challenges posed by Alternaria species, particularly A. burnsii, which can inflict crop losses of up to 80% in severe outbreaks. A thorough understanding of the disease’s etiology, symptoms, and predisposing factors is essential for effective management. To mitigate the spread of this disease, implementing cultural practices such as the use of healthy seeds, rigorous crop rotation, and timely harvesting is paramount. The application of botanical remedies and biocontrol agents has demonstrated promise in reducing disease severity while promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Although no cumin genotype has shown complete resistance to Alternaria blight, certain varieties have exhibited varying levels of tolerance, highlighting opportunities for breeding programs aimed at enhancing resistance. Chemical management strategies remain integral to controlling blight, with a range of fungicides proving effective against A. burnsii. However, the increasing concerns regarding chemical residues and the potential for pathogen resistance emphasize the necessity of integrated disease management approaches. By combining cultural methods, biological control, and judicious chemical treatments, farmers can adopt a comprehensive strategy to combat this resilient pathogen. Future research should prioritize the development of innovative and sustainable solutions for managing Alternaria blight, enabling cumin farmers to maintain productivity and quality. By disseminating advancements in disease management practices to farming communities, we can enhance the profitability and sustainability of cumin cultivation, thereby securing the livelihoods of those who depend on this invaluable spice.