Seed Storage and Germination Enhancement Methods for Economically Important Indigenous Trees of Ethiopia: A Review

REVIEW PAPER

Abstract

The conservation and sustainable management of Ethiopia’s economically important indigenous tree species are crucial for preserving biodiversity and restoring ecosystems. However, the viability and germination potential of their seeds are often hindered by dormancy, desiccation sensitivity, and improper storage techniques. These limitations in seed storage and poor germination rates present challenges for the sustainable propagation and conservation of these valuable trees. This review synthesizes existing knowledge on seed storage behavior, dormancy mechanisms, and germination enhancement techniques for selected indigenous tree species in Ethiopia: Cordia africana, Vachellia abyssinica, Olea africana, Millettia ferruginea, Albizia gummifera, and Hagenia abyssinica. It explores the physiological and ecological factors that influence seed longevity and germination success while evaluating various pre-treatment methods such as scarification, stratification, and chemical applications. Additionally, it assesses the effectiveness of different seed storage strategies in maintaining viability over time. By consolidating findings from diverse studies, this review provides critical insights for conservation practitioners, foresters, and policymakers, offering recommendations to improve seed handling practices for afforestation, reforestation, and ecological restoration initiatives. It underscores the need for species-specific approaches to enhance seed viability and propagation success, ultimately contributing to afforestation and biodiversity conservation efforts in the country.