Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research
The Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research, published six times in a year (bi-monthly) by Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, considers original papers for publication on all aspects of Veterinary, Animal, Fisheries, and Food sciences (related to animal products). The Indian Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Research (IJVASR) has been published since 1972, initially under the name 'Cheiron' until 2005, and later as the 'Tamil Nadu Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences'. In 2014, the journal adopted its current name to reflect its national relevance and improve visibility. In its current format, IJVASR now publishes review articles, peer-reviewed research articles, short communications, and case reports. NAAS Rating (2024): 4.11
Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University
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PAIN AND STRESS MANAGEMENT OF JERSEY CROSSBRED CALVES DURING THERMAL DISBUDDING
The aim of disbudding is to enhance the physical comfort of animals and improve handler safety. Reducing pain during and after the procedure is a critical animal welfare concern in dairy production. Nine Jersey crossbred calves, aged 4 to 6 weeks, were randomly assigned to three treatment groups (n = 3per group): Group 1 (TG1), Group2 (TG2), and Group 3 (TG3). All calves underwent hot-iron disbudding under local anesthesia (2% lignocaine hydrochloride). In addition, TG2 and TG3 received Meloxicam (a short-acting NSAID) and Tolfenamic acid (a long-acting NSAID), respectively. Pain and stress indicators, including behavioral, physiological, and production parameters, were monitored over 4 hours, 3 days, and one month. During the disbudding period, TG1 calves exhibited significantly more frequent behavioral pain indicators such as bellowing, head rubbing, struggling, and kicking compared to TG2 and TG3. Regarding physiological indicators, heart rates on the 2nd and 3rd days post-disbudding were significantly lower in the NSAID treated groups, while other physiological parameters showed no significant changes. Although body weight gain was higher in TG2 (1.66 ±0.42 kg) and TG3 (1.83 ± 0.29kg) than in TG1 (1.83 ± 0.29 kg), these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). It is concluded that the administration of either short- acting (Meloxicam) or long-acting (Tolfenamic acid) NSAIDs is an effective approach for mitigating pain and stress in calves during and after thermal disbudding. Implementing such protocols is essential for advancing animal welfare standards in the dairy industry.
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PERINATAL VITAMIN E SUPPLEMENTATION OF EWES IN LATE PREGNANCY ENHANCES GROWTH, IMMUNE STATUS AND TESTICULAR DEVELOPMENT IN LAMBS
The aim of the research was to determine the impact of the perinatal vitamin E supplement on late pregnancy on lamb growth, hematological and immune status and testicular development. The study randomly grouped forty healthy ewes in the final six weeks gestation period to eithera control group fed on basal diet or a treated group fed on the same dietary basis but with 200IU/kg/day of vitamin E being added to the feed. The same conditions of postnatal management were provided to the lambs. Body weight at birth and weaning, average daily gain and the body measurements were used to measure the growth performance. Blood samples were collected from the lambs at birth, 30 and 60 days to test hematological and immune parameters. In male lambs testicular development was followed every month. An independent samples t-test was used to analyze the data at the significance level of P < 0.05. The weight of the lambs at birth (4.13 + -0.31 kg) and at weaning (17.70 + -2.05 kg) of supplemented ewes was significantly higher than the control lambs (3.63+-0.34kg and 10.88+-0.99kg, respectively). The treated group also had an average daily gain that was higher (150.84 ± 20.30 g/day vs. 80.55 ± 9.80 g/ day). Comprehensively, maternal supplementation with vitamin E increased growth, physiological well-being as well as reproductive maturation of lambs.
MOLECULAR CONFIRMATION OF SPIROCERCA LUPI INFECTION IN A GERMAN SHEPHERD DOG
A six-year-old German shepherd dog was presented with the history of vomiting and anorexia. Live worms were recovered from the vomit and subjected to morphological and molecular identification. Morphologically the worm was identified as Spirocerca lupi and the molecular analysis revealed the 689bp amplicon specific to COX I gene of Spirocerca lupi. This communication records the first molecular report of Spirocerca lupi in dog from Cauvery Delta region of Tamil Nadu.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF RUMEN IMPACTION DUE TO PLASTOBEZOARS IN A CATTLE
A nine-year-old non-descriptive cow was presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, VC&RI, Orathanadu with the history of anorexia, dullness and diarrhoea for past five days with absence of rumination. Clinical examination revealed dehydration and pale mucous membrane. Rumen was hard on palpation with absence of motility. Haematological parameters revealed decreased haemoglobin value. Exploratory laparo-rumenotomy was performed and about 48 kgs of impacted plastic materials along with nylon ropes and wires were removed. Postoperative care and dressing were carried out for five days. The animal made an uneventful recovery.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF HYPODERMIC NEEDLE INDUCED LAMENESS IN A HALLIKAR HEIFER – A CASE REPORT
Sharp penetrating foreign bodies in the hoof are important causes of chronic lameness in bovines. Improper disposal of needles after repeated injections or doping practices in race animals may result in accidental hoof penetration injuries. The present communication describes a case of a race heifer presented with pain and lameness of the left fore hoof. Radiographic examination revealed a radio-opaque metallic foreign body within the hoof region. Surgical exploration under sedation and Bier’s block led to successful retrieval of a rusted 16 G needle without hub from the axial side of the hoof. Post-operative treatment resulted in uneventful recovery. The report highlights the importance of radiographic examination in bovines presented with chronic lameness of unknown origin and emphasizes the impact of improper needle disposal on animal welfare.
A STUDY ON CASE PREVALENCE OF CANINE LEPTOSPIROSIS IN CHENNAI USING MICROSCOPIC AGGLUTINATION TEST
Leptospirosis is a globally re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira affecting humans and animals. Dogs serve as important reservoirs and sentinels, playing a significant role in disease transmission to humans.The present study was conducted for the serodiagnosis of canine leptospirosis in Chennai between December 2024 to June 2025 using the gold standard test -Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) and to identify the predominant circulating serovars of Leptospira spp.The present study revealed 47% seropositivity with Canicola (31.91%) and Australis (27.65%) being the predominant serovars among the 100 sera samples screened. Laboratory confirmation remains essential for accurate diagnosis and epidemiological assessment of leptospirosis, and this study highlights MAT as a vital tool for surveillance, disease control, and reduction of zoonotic risk of leptospirosis.
DEVELOPMENT AND STANDARDIZATION OF BEETROOT JUICE – ENRICHED KULFI
Milk and dairy products are important in daily diets and cultural foods because they supply key nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, and minerals. Kulfi is a traditional Indian frozen dessert prepared by concentrating milk and adding sugar, nuts, and spices before freezing. In this study, kulfi was prepared by adding beetroot juice, which is rich in antioxidants and provides health benefits. Beetroot juice was incorporated in the ratio T1(5%), T2(10%), and T3(15%) in Kulfi.Sensory evaluation revealed that kulfi containing T2(10%) beetroot juice had the best overall acceptability, with desirable color, flavor, texture, and melting characteristics. The results of proximate analysis of beetroot juice enriched kulfi T2(10%), (moisture, protein,carbohydrate,ash, pH, titratable acidity, and antioxidant activity) is 8.2%, 3.9%, 3.7%, 20.3%, 1.2%, 6.5%, 3.4% and 77%). Antioxidant activity increased significantly with higher beetroot levels because of the presence of betalains and phenolic compounds. The study concluded that adding beetroot juice improves the nutritional value, functional properties, and natural appearance of kulfi without the use of artificial colors.
ACUTE BABESIA FELIS INFECTION IN A HIMALAYAN CAT: MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS, CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT
The genus Babesia contains haemoprotozoan parasites that cause feline babesiosis, an ailment spread by ticks. Several species of Babesia have been found in cats, the most common of which being Babesia felis. A two-year-old intact male Himalayan cat was presented with the signs of anorexia, lethargy, dehydration, moderate jaundice and decreased urination. The cat was in lateral recumbency and the clinical examination showed palpable lymphadenopathy, icteric mucous membranes, pyrexia and severe dehydration. Anaemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver parameters and hypoproteinaemia were all found by hematobiochemical analysis. The causative agent was identified as B. felis by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The cat was treated with primaquine phosphate, doxycycline and supportive therapy. The cat recovered uneventfully with normal hematobiochemical parameters. This report details the diagnostic approach and successful therapeutic management of B. felis infection in a cat.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF RESPIRATORY AND ANAESTHETIC PARAMETERS OF PROPOFOL AND ETOMIDATE FOR INDUCTION IN DEXMEDETOMIDINE- PENTAZOCINE-MIDAZOLAM PREMEDICATED CALVES FOR ABDOMINAL SURGERIES
Fourteen crossbred bovine calves presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, VC&RI, Orathanadu with abdominal affections requiring surgical interventions were randomly divided into group I and group II with seven animals in each group. Dexmedetomidine, pentazocine and midazolam were given as premedication at the dose rate of 2 µg/kg body weight,1 mg/kg body weight and 0.2 mg/kg body weight intravenously, respectively.Induction of anaesthesia was performed with propofol at 2 mg/kg body weight and etomidate at 0.25 mg/kg body weight intravenously in group I and group II, respectively. All the calves were intubated using modified oro- endotracheal tubes and anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane with variable vaporizer setting.Respiratory rate and anaesthetic parameters such as quality of sedation, induction, degree of muscle relaxation and recovery were assessed and recorded in both the groups. A significant decrease in the respiratory rate was noticed in group I animals, whereas group II animals showed a non-significant decrease in the respiratory rate after premedication, followed by a non-significant increase in respiratory rate at five minute of anaesthesia in both groups. The intubation and myoclonus scores were comparatively lower in group I than in group II animals. No significant difference was observed in the quality of recovery from anaesthesia between the groups. The anaesthetic parameters recorded in the present study concluded that propofol produced rapid anaesthetic induction and smooth recovery with ease of oroendotracheal intubation compared to etomidate in calves.
PEDICULOSIS IN BLACK KITE (MILVUS MIGRANS): REPORT OF CONCURRENT ISCHNOCERAN AND AMBLYCERAN INFESTATION
A rescued black kite (Milvus migrans) presented to the Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, Tamil Nadu, exhibited active ectoparasitic infestation predominantly over breast and contour feathers. Lice were manually collected and processed for morphological identification. Examination revealed three species: amblyceran louse Laemobothrion maximum, characterized by its large size (~12 mm), broad head and prominent preocular swellings; Degeeriella fulva, a slender ischnoceran louse (2.0–2.8 mm) with a distinct head structure, five-segmented antennae and narrow abdomen; and Colpocephalum turbinatum, a smaller amblyceran louse (1.8–2.5 mm) with a subtriangular head, four-segmented antennae and well-developed mandibles. Morphological features and morphometrics of lice were consistent with standard taxonomic descriptions. The concurrent presence of multiple lice species highlights the ecological diversity of ectoparasites in raptors and emphasizes the importance of detailed morphological identification in wildlife parasitology.
TRI-SODIUM CITRATE: A SUPPORTIVE THERAPY FOR MASTITIS IN DAIRY COWS
Mastitis remains one of the most significant health issues in dairy herds, reducing both productivity and profitability. In this study, 86 cows with different forms of mastitis were clinically evaluated at the Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex, Namakkal. The affected quarters showed an increased milk pH ranging from 7.6 to 8.0 and somatic cell counts between 1.5–5 × 105 cells/ml. Collected samples were subjected to bacteriological culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing. A treatment regimen combining local udder sanitation with 3% potassium permanganate, intramammary flushing with saline and metronidazole, systemic administration of 15mg per kg.bw tri-sodium citrate intravenously, 2mg per kg.bw tolfenamic acid intravenously, antihistamines, oxytocin, and supportive vitamin supplementation was adopted. Post-treatment observations revealed normalization of milk pH (6.5–6.7) and somatic cell counts (0.5–1 × 105/ml). Clinical recovery was achieved in 96% of cases, while 4% progressed to fibrosis or gangrenous changes. The results highlight tri-sodium citrate as a cost-effective, residue-free adjunct in mastitis therapy, reducing reliance on antibiotics and safeguarding milk quality.
Mastitis, Tri-sodium citrate, pH, Somatic cell count, Udder hygiene Antibiotic residue
EGG QUALITY TRAITS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN CAPTIVE LORIKEETS AND LORIES
The present study evaluated egg quality traits and their influence on reproductive performance in captive lorikeets and lories maintained under tropical aviary conditions. A total of 151 lorikeet eggs and 52 lory eggs were assessed for egg weight, shape index, fertility, fertile hatchability and total hatchability under artificial incubation. Egg weight differed significantly (P<0.01) among species in both groups, with lories recording higher egg weights than lorikeets. Shape index varied significantly among lorikeets but not among lories, and eggs of Loriinae were relatively more spherical than those of domestic poultry species. Fertility and total hatchability differed significantly among lorikeets, whereas no significant variation was observed among lories. Fertile hatchability did not differ significantly among species. Egg weight showed significant positive correlations with fertility and total hatchability in lorikeets, indicating superior reproductive performance in heavier eggs, whereas no such association was evident in lories. Shape index had limited influence on hatchability traits, although relatively spherical eggs in lories tended to be more fertile. The findings revealed marked interspecific variation in egg quality and reproductive traits and demonstrated the importance of egg weight in reproductive performance. The study provides baseline information for improving hatchability and chick output in captive lorikeet and lory breeding programmes
POLYMORPHISMS IN THE PROMOTER REGION OF THE ACACB GENE AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH EGG PRODUCTION TRAITS IN WHITE LEGHORN LAYER CHICKENS
The present study was carried out to identify the polymorphism in the promoter of ACACB gene vis-à-vis effect of polymorphism on egg production traits in IWI and IWK lines of White Leghorn layer chicken. A total of 500 birds comprising of 250 IWI line and 250 IWK line of White Leghorn chicken included in this study.. Results showed that, the promoter region was polymorphic. With respect to egg production in all age groups showed higher egg production in IWI line, when compared to the IWK line. A total of twelve haplotypes and eighteen haplogroups were formed. The haplogroup h12h12 showed the highest egg production (193.20±7.56) and the h1h2 haplogroup showed the lowest egg production (126.80±3.54) up to 52 weeks of age. In all age groups h12h12 haplogroup showed the highest egg production in IWI line. It is concluded that the promotor of the ACACB gene was highly polymorphic and had significant effect on egg production traits in White Leghorn layer chicken.
DETECTION OF MYCOBACTERIUM SPP. IN DUNG PELLETS OF SPOTTED DEER (AXIS AXIS) BY PCR
The study was conducted to investigate the presence of Mycobacterium spp. in dung of spotted deer (Axis axis). Non-invasive sample collection methods were followed to avoid stress. Genomic DNA was extracted from stool samples of spotted deer from Indian Institute of Technology-Madras (IIT-M) and Arignar Anna Zoological Park (AAZP), Vandalur. Samples were collected from five and four different sites of IIT-M and AAZP, Vandalur respectively. The pooled samples from each site were utilized for genomic DNA extraction. Duplex PCR with specific primers, were used to differentiate MTB (M. tuberculosis, M. bovis) and NTB (M. avium). The five samples from IIT-M amplified fragments specific to M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. All the samples collected from AAZP, Vandalur were negative. As the PCR results are presumptive, the PCR positivity of IIT-M samples should be further investigated and confirmed individually with other molecular techniques like sequencing to understand the exact species/genotype circulating in urban wildlife.
CONVENTIONAL ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR-LEVEL IDENTIFICATION OF AEROMONAS FROM MEAT SAMPLES: A FOOD SAFETY PERSPECTIVE
Foodborne diseases pose a significant threat to public health, with bacterial contamination of meat being a major concern. Among emerging foodborne pathogens, Aeromonas species have been linked to gastroenteritis, septicemia, and wound infections. This study aimed to isolate and identify Aeromonas species from retail meat samples using conventional cultural and biochemical methods, followed by molecular confirmation through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 200 meat samples (50 from each type: fish, chicken, mutton, and pork) were collected from various retail markets in Chennai, India. Presumptive Aeromonas isolates were identified using selective plating on Ampicillin Dextrin Agar (ADA), followed by biochemical tests such as oxidase, catalase, Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) test, and citrate utilization. Molecular characterization was performed using species-specific primers targeting 16S rRNA, gyrB, and rpoB genes. The highest prevalence of Aeromonas species was found in pork (62%), followed by mutton (48%), fish (44%) and chicken (36%). PCR analysis confirmed the presence of Aeromonas species and distinguished different strains, validating the accuracy of biochemical identification methods. The study underscores the necessity of integrating conventional and molecular techniques for reliable identification and surveillance of Aeromonas in food sources. Enhanced regulatory measures and routine monitoring of meat products are essential to mitigate the risks associated with Aeromonas contamination and to safeguard public health.
DEVELOPMENT, STANDARDISATION AND SHELF-LIFE EVALUATION OF A GHEE-ENRICHED SEED BUTTER PREPARED FROM PUMPKIN (CUCURBITA PEPO) AND CUCUMBER (CUCUMIS SATIVUS) SEEDS: PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Seed butters have emerged as a nutritionally rich and functionally versatile alternative to conventional nut-based spreads, garnering increasing attention in the food industry owing to their favourable fatty acid profiles, high protein content, and bioactive compound diversity. The pumpkin seeds from Cucurbita pepo and cucumber seeds from Cucumis sativus are abundant in dietary fiber, protein, good fats, vitamins, minerals, and bioactive substances and are beneficial to health when added in daily diets due to their nutraceutical components. The combinations of pumpkin seeds and cucumber seeds are used along with ghee for the standardization of seed butter. Sensory evaluation of the developed seed butter packaged in PET plastic was conducted over five-time intervals — Day 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 — across five attributes: colour, texture, taste, spreading ability, and overall acceptability, rated on a 9-point hedonic scale. All attributes recorded high mean scores ranging from 8.2 to 8.9 at 0th day , reflecting excellent initial product quality. Scores remained statistically stable from 0th day through 45th day, indicating the absence of any significant difference across these time points. At day 60, a uniform and statistically significant decline was observed across all five sensory attributes (p < 0.05) confirming a critical quality transition beyond 45 days of storage. The standardized seed butter stored at room temperature of 30°C was microbiologically safe till the end of storage days, and the impact of packaging material analysis on organoleptic parameters confirmed the most suitable package for this product was PET jars.
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS AND RISK FACTORS ANALYSIS OF HEPATOZOON CANIS INFECTION IN DOGS
In this study we analysed risk factors and molecular diagnosis of Hepatozoonosis in the naturally infected canines of Andhra Pradesh, using thin blood smears and polymerase chain reaction. Four hundred and forty-two dog blood samples were collected and examined by microscopy and conventional PCR. Microscopic examination detected Hepatozoon canis organisms in four dogs with 0.90% case prevalence (4/442)while,18S rRNA gene conventional PCR assay detected H. canis in twelve dogs with 2.71% case prevalence (12/442). The partial 18S rRNA gene of H.canis amplified from conventional PCR, underwent DNA sequencing. The 18S rRNA gene sequences were then analysed using BLAST, confirming their identity as H. canis through comparison with existing sequences in the GenBank database.Under risk factors analysis the living condition of the dogs (stray dogs) and tick infestation were identified as major risk factors causing higher prevalence rates in canines of Andhra Pradesh.
OBSTETRICAL MANAGEMENT OF DYSTOCIA DUE TO MONOCEPHALUS TETRABRACHIUS TETRAPUS MONSTER IN A MURRAH BUFFALO – A CASE REPORT
A pluriparous Murrah buffalo was referred to Veterinary Polyclinic, Mansa with a history of complete gestational length and in the 2nd stage of parturition with two forelimbs hanging from the vulva. All basic physiological parameters were within the normal range. On per-vaginal examination, dilated cervix with a live fetus having more than two fore limbs, one head and more than two hind limbs was found. The case was diagnosed as a monster fetus. Per-vaginal delivery was not possible and caesarean section was performed and Monocephalus Tetrabrachius Tetrapusfoetus was delivered.
DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT ENRICHED GREEK YOGHURT USING SENNA AURICULATA FLOWER POWDER EXTRACT
Greek yogurt is currently the largest growing sector in the dairy industry. Greek- style yogurt, also known as strained yogurt, concentrated yogurt or thick yogurt, is a semisolid fermented milk product derived from yogurt by draining away part of its whey. This study is aimed to develop an antioxidant-enriched Greek yoghurt by incorporating Senna auriculata flower powder extract as a natural functional ingredient. The product combines the rich nutritional profile of Greek yoghurt with the radioactive properties of Senna auriculata, known for its phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins that exhibit strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Three formulations were prepared with 2%, 4% and 6% Senna auriculata extract, each containing 5% sugar to enhance sweetness, mouthfeel and flavour stability. Standard Greek yoghurt processing steps including pasteurization, homogenization, fermentation and chilling were followed to maintain’ quality and extend shelf life. All formulations along with a control sample without extract were evaluated for sensory characteristics and antioxidant activity. The incorporation of 4% Senna auriculata flower extract significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity of yogurt, as evidenced by the increase in DPPH radical scavenging activity from 18.25% in the control to 60.46% in the 4% Senna auriculata flower powder extract enriched sample. Sensory evaluation results revealed that the 4% extract formulation achieved the highest acceptability in terms of taste, texture and overall appeal. The findings suggest that incorporating Senna auriculata extract at an optimal concentration of 4% can enhance both the functional and sensory qualities of Greek yoghurt, offering a promising addition to the functional dairy product market.
CLINICO-THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF CATS WITH SIGNS SUGGESTIVE OF VIRAL DISEASES IN CHENNAI
A total of 104 cases were presented with history of inappetence, dullness, vomiting, diarrhoea, oral ulcers, ocular discharge, nasal discharge, pyrexia in the teaching veterinary hospital of Madras veterinary college. With clinical examination and the present symptoms they were tentatively diagnosed as viral diseases of cats. In this study, the proportion of cases with Persian breed (21.15%) was lower than domestic short hair breed (78.8%), male cats revealed higher positivity (55.76%) than female cats (44.2%). Age-wise prevalence was studied with 0-6 months showing higher positivity (42.3%) than other age groups. The proportion of cases was higher in unvaccinated cats (92.3%) and symptoms wise positive proportion of cases like inappetence (41.34), vomiting (34.6), diarrhoea (19.2), ocular and nasal discharge (13.46%), respiratory distress (7.6%), oral ulcer and pyrexia (5.7%), incoordination (3.84) were recorded. All the suspected cats were treated with fluid therapy along with antibiotics and supportive therapy and all the cats recovered without any complications. It was further advised to vaccinate the cats after the recovery period of 15 days due to the presence of antibodies in the circulation.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF PERFORATED HYMEN WITH TRAUMA-INDUCED ABORTION IN A CROSSBRED HEIFER
A 5-months pregnant crossbred heifer was presented to the Obstetrics Unit with the history of butting with another cow 24 hours earlier. On clinical examination, the animal was found to have a perforated hymen. Surgical intervention was performed using scissors to extend the perforation in the hymen,and patency was ensured. Upon further exploration, an immature fetus with detached cotyledons,likely due to trauma was detected and the fetus was delivered by gentle traction. The heifer was treated with antibiotics along with anti-inflammatory drugs for 3 days, resulting in uneventful recovery. This case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis of a microperforated hymen prior to performing artificial insemination at the field level.
HYALOMMA TRUNCATUM IN AN ASIAN ELEPHANT (ELEPHAS MAXIMUS) – A REPORT
Physical examination of an adult female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) housed at the M.R. Palayam Elephant Rescue and Rehabilitation Centre, Tiruchirapalli Forest Division,revealed tick infestation in the axillary region Based on distinct morphological characters such as medium body size, long mouth parts, dark brown integument with banded legs, squarish adanal plates, posteriorly placed anal groove and large oval to comma-shaped spiracular plates, the ticks were identified as Hyalomma truncatum. The case marks the first report on its occurrence on Asian elephants from Tamil Nadu, India.
PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF INSURANCE SERVICES OF DIFFERENT DAIRY SERVICE DELIVERY SYSTEMS IN NAMAKKAL DISTRICT OF TAMIL NADU
The present study was conducted in Namakkal District of Tamil Nadu to explore the perceived effectiveness of insurance services offered by different dairy service delivery systems. A total of 120 respondents were selected for the study by stratified proportionate random sampling method and the data were collected by personal interview method using pre-tested interview schedule. The respondents predominantly availed the insurance facilities from dairy cooperatives (56.67%), followed by public departments (21.67%) while meagre percentage of the respondents received the insurance services benefit from private integrators (8.33%). Based on the mean weighted score, the dairy farmers perceived the insurance services of dairy cooperatives and state animal husbandry departments were equally effective in terms of their accessibility, coverage, premium charges, administrative procedure and claiming.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF OOCYTE RECOVERY METHODS IN GOATS
The present study was aimed to assess the oocyte retrieval methods in goats using multifactorial approach (retrieval techniques, season, presence or absence of corpus luteum. The mean number of good and total oocytes recovered per ovary were significantly higher (p<0.05) for slicing method (2.94 ± 0.06, 6.46 ± 0.03) compared to puncture (1.23 ± 0.04, 4.12 ± 0.14) and aspiration (0.74 ± 0.06, 2.94 ± 0.13) techniques. The number of good and fair quality oocytes were also significantly higher during winter season than summer season. Furthermore ovaries without corpus luteum produced significantly higher (p<0.05) number of good quality oocytes compared to ovaries with corpus luteum. (5.78±0.11 vs 3.24±0.08). In conclusion, good quality oocytes could be recovered by slicing technique from ovaries without CL collected during winter season.
COINFECTION WITH TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI AND ANAPLASMA MARGINALE IN A BUFFALO AND ITS SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT - A CASE REPORT
Coinfection with haemoprotozoan parasitespose a major threat to livestock health and productivity in tropical regions.Trypanosoma evansi and Anaplasma marginale are important vector-borne protozoan parasites of cattle and buffaloes. While mixed infections of Trypanosoma with Babesia and Theileria, or Anaplasma with Babesia have been documented, coinfection with T. evansi and A. marginale in livestock is rarely reported. This paper reports a case of an eight-year-old female buffalo presenting with epistaxis, bleeding from ears and hair follicles, anorexia, pyrexia, and reduced milk yield. Laboratory findingsconfirmed the presence of both T. evansi and A. marginale in peripheral blood smear examination, along with severe anaemia and thrombocytopenia. The animal was successfully treated with quinapyramine salts, oxytetracycline, haemostatic agents, supportive therapy, and nutritional supplementation, resulted in clinical recovery within seven days. This report highlights the clinical significance of mixed haemoprotozoan infections and the need for integrated diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in endemic regions.
EFFECTS OF RED SEAWEED (GRACILARIA TENUISTIPITATA) ON HAEMATOLOGICAL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN COMMERCIAL BROILER CHICKENS
The present study evaluated the effects of graded dietary inclusion of red seaweed (Gracilaria tenuistipitata) on haematological and serum biochemical parameters in commercial broiler chickens. A total of 200 day-old Vencobb 430Y broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments with five replicates of ten birds each. The experimental diets consisted of a basal ration supplemented with red seaweed at 0% (T1, control), 1% (T2), 2% (T3), and 4% (T4) and were fed for 35 days. The shade- dried red seaweed was analyzed for chemical composition and contained 11.87% crude protein, 6.41% crude fibre, 0.72% crude fat, 47.20% crude ash, 2.47% calcium, 0.33% phosphorus, and 2347.10 kcal/kg gross energy, with palmitic (26.72%), oleic (31.16%), and linoleic acids (21.56%) as the predominant fatty acids. Haematological parameters, including haemoglobin concentration, total erythrocyte count, and total leucocyte count, did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) among treatment groups. Similarly, serum biochemical indices such as total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, and triglycerides remained unaffected by dietary treatments. These findings indicate that dietary supplementation of red seaweed up to 4% maintains normal blood profiles, liver function, protein metabolism, and lipid homeostasis without inducing adverse metabolic effects. The study demonstrates that G. tenuistipitata can be safely incorporated into broiler diets as a functional, non-conventional feed ingredient.
QUALITY AND SAFETY EVALUATION OF CHICKEN SHAWARMA IN CHENNAI
Shawarma is a popular ready-to-eat food consumed by a diverse spectrum of populations in Chennai and other parts of India. The consumption of shawarma has dramatically increased in recent years. Although it is consumed by many people, especially the younger generation, the quality and safety of the shawarma are questionable. In this study, 10 chicken shawarma samples were purchased from local restaurants in Chennai city to assess their quality and safety by estimating rancidity profile in terms of free fatty acid (FFA) and peroxide value, histamine content, and microbial contamination. The results revealed that the percentage of FFA and peroxide values ranged from 1.41±0.99 to 7.05±1.73 and 2±0.57 to 14±1.47 meq/kg, respectively. Among the tested samples, 30% showed the presence of a significant level of histamine content (1.7–7 mg/100g). The biochemical characterization of bacterial isolates from shawarma samples revealed the presence of contamination by Salmonella enteric sub sp. enterica, Escherichia coli STEC 367, Listeria monocytogenes, and Listeria innocua. Further, these isolates were also confirmed by PCR by amplifying a 284 bp invA gene fragment for Salmonella sp., an 884 bp uspA gene fragment for E. coli, and a 457 bp iap gene fragment for Listeria sp. The findings of this study emphasize the significance of safety monitoring for ready-to-eat foods.
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF ASEEL CHICKEN REARING, FEEDING AND MARKETING: SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS ON FARMERS IN PUDUKKOTTAI DISTRICT
The study investigates the rearing practices and feeding systems of Aseel chicken in Pudukkottai District, Tamil Nadu, and a region where backyard poultry farming significantly contributes to rural livelihood. Data were collected from 60 farmers using structured questionnaire to assess their socio-economic profile, and management practices. Most farmers were categorized as small (51.67%) or marginal (36.67%) landholders, owning 2.5–5 acres of land, and considered poultry rearing as a secondary income source alongside agriculture, which was the primary occupation for 86.67% of respondents. Rearing systems predominantly followed the “all-in-all-out” method (55%), although housing and litter management practices often deviated from ideal standards. Only 15% of farmers provided recommended floor space of 1.5–2 sq. ft. per bird and litter thickness of 3–5 inches. Feeding practices relied heavily on scavenging (73.33%), with supplementary feeding using locally available ingredients such as broken rice, maize, and other grains. Single- type litter materials, like paddy husk, coir pith, or wooden shavings, were used by 83.33% of farmers. The study also found that the majority of farmers (66.67%) had medium experience in poultry rearing, averaging 15.48 years. Despite considerable traditional knowledge, there were notable gaps in adopting improved husbandry practices such as ideal housing, litter management, and supplementary feeding. These findings highlight the need for capacity-building initiatives to enhance farmers’ awareness and implementation of optimal rearing techniques, ultimately improving productivity and contribute to the sustainable livelihoods of rural communities.
EFFECT OF DHAINCHA AND SUNNHEMP HAY INCORPORATED TOTAL MIXED RATION ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND COST EFFECTIVENESS OF MECHERI LAMBS
The study evaluated the effect of incorporating dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) and sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea) hay in total mixed ration (TMR) on growth performance and cost effectiveness of Mecheri lambs. Twenty-four weaned lambs (3 - 4 months) were allotted to four dietary treatments and fed for 120 days, comprising TMR with 20% hedge lucerne hay (Desmanthus virgatus) as control, 20% dhaincha hay (Sesbania aculeata), 20% sunnhemp hay (Crotalaria juncea), and a combination of 10% dhaincha hay (Sesbania aculeata) + 10% sunnhemp hay (Crotalaria juncea), with all diets formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric and offered ad libitum. Daily feed intake and fortnight body weight were recorded and the economic parameter was calculated at the end of the trial. The results showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) in body weight gain among the treatment groups. Although the dry matter intake was higher in the control group, the legume-based diets were maintained with comparable intake. Economic analysis indicated the lower feed cost and higher net income in lambs fed dhaincha based TMR. The study was concluded that the dhaincha and sunnhemp hay can be used as cost-effective protein-rich alternatives to hedge lucerne hay in TMR based Mecheri lamb production systems.
COMMUNITY AWARENESS LEVEL ON ZOONOTIC POTENTIALITY OF CANINE LEPTOSPIROSIS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY IN CAUVERY DELTA REGION OF TAMIL NADU
Leptospirosis is a globally important zoonotic disease with dogs serving as major reservoirs. Ascertaining the community awareness is essential for early diagnosis, prevention and control of disease transmission. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the community knowledge on zoonotic potentiality of canine leptospirosis in Cauvery delta region (Thanjavur district) of Tamil Nadu, India using a structured questionnaire for collection of information regarding socio-demographic details and level of knowledge on transmission, symptoms and prevention of leptospirosis. Data were gathered from 141 participants, including pet owners, farm animal owners, and the general public, using different parameters. Educational status and age were highly significantly associated (p˂0.001) with awareness on leptospirosis, with younger respondents and those with higher education showing higher awareness on leptospirosis. Nearly half of the participants (46.1%) were unaware of transmission routes, and only 37.8 per cent participants recognized the leptospirosis as zoonotic disease. Awareness of clinical symptoms was limited (51.1%), with fever being the most recognized symptom (32.6%). Preventive measures such as avoiding contact with contaminated water sources (14.2%), hand hygiene (19.9%) and rodent control (17.0%) were poorly understood. Veterinary hospitals were the preferred treatment option (85.1%) than traditional methods and owner-directed medication. These findings highlighted the substantial gaps in awareness, underscoring the need for education, outreach and preventive practices to reduce canine-mediated leptospiral transmission and improve public health.