Indian Journal of veterinary journal publishes review article(invited), original /applied research, clinical reports short communications on all area of animal health including diagnosis treatment and control. Editorial Board Subscription Details
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Evaluation of Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase in Dogs with Hepatic and Splenic Tumours
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic utility of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in dogs affected with hepatic and splenic tumours. Dogs presented to Madras Veterinary College Hospital, Chennai, with clinical signs suggestive of intra-abdominal neoplasia were subjected to detailed clinical examination, radiography, and ultrasonography. Cytological and histopathological examinations were performed for definitive diagnosis. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was evaluated in 15 dogs with hepatic tumours, 15 dogs with splenic tumours, and 12 clinically healthy dogs used as controls for comparison. Serum LDH levels were significantly elevated in tumour-bearing dogs compared to healthy controls. However, no significant difference was observed between hepatic and splenic tumour groups. Among the hepatic and splenic tumour groups, dogs diagnosed with cholangiocellular carcinoma and splenic lymphoma, respectively, exhibited comparatively higher serum LDH concentrations than dogs affected with other tumour types. The findings suggest that serum LDH may serve as a useful biomarker for detecting intra-abdominal neoplasia in dogs, although its utility in differentiating tumour location appears limited.
Copyright (c) 2026 Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
Studies on thyroid dysfunction in dogs using radioimmunoassay
Fifty-nine clinically healthy dogs, 35 dogs with non-thyroidal illness and 13 suspected clinically hypothyroid dogs were included in the study. Reference ranges were established for thyroid hormone concentrations (TT4, TT3 and fT4) from 59 clinically healthy dogs by RIA. Blood samples were collected from 107 dogs (59 Healthy, 35 Non-thyroidal illness and 13 Hypothyroid) and assessed for thyroid hormone concentration using RIA. Mean (range) values established for TT4, TT3 and fT4 in the present study as 29.67±1.43 nmol/l (11.71-49.26 nmol/l), 1.03±0.02 nmol/l (0.68-1.40 nmol/l) and 9.07±0.52 pmol/l (4.06-18.72 pmol/l) respectively. In geriatric age group thyroid hormone concentration decreased compared to younger dogs. There was non-significant effect of sex on thyroid hormone concentration. TT4 concentration of dogs on homemade diet was lower compared to dogs on commercial and mixed type of diet. Dogs clinically suspected with hypothyroidism had low concentration of thyroid hormone (TT4-18.46±3.20, TT3-0.56±0.07, fT4- 5.68±1.24) as compared to dogs with non-thyroidal illness (TT4-21.78±1.85, TT3-0.85±0.05, fT4-7.80±0.69) and clinically healthy dogs (TT4-29.67±1.43, TT3-1.03±0.02, fT4-9.07±0.52).
Thyroid, Radioimmunoassay, TT4, TT3 and fT4
Therapeutic Management of Theileriosis in a Calf: A Case Report
Two month-old male Cross-bred Jersey (CBJ) calf was presented with the history of cloudiness in the right eye, tick infestation and anorexia for a period 10 days. Clinical examination revealed pyrexia, enlarged prescapular lymph node and manifestation of unilateral corneal opacity in the right eye. anaemia, neutropenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed. Blood smear was found to be positive for Theileria annulata. Calf was treated with buparvaquone @ 2.5 mg/kg BW deep intramuscularly along with supportive treatment. Animal showed uneventful recovery following treatment
Corneal opacity, Theileriosis, Buparvaquone, calf
Therapeutic Management of Anaplasma bovis Infection and Hypophosphatemia in a Cross Breed Cattle
An eight-year-old Holstein Friesian cow in eight months of pregnancy was presented with the history of inappetence to anorexia and decreased rumination from last seven days with clinical signs such as anorexia, tachycardia, tachypnea, fever, swollen lymph nodes, pale icteric mucous membranes and severe tick infestation. Haematological analysis revealed marked anemia, lymphocytosis, granulocytosis, monocytosis and thrombocytopenia. The serum biochemical analysis showed increased levels of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine while the levels of total protein, albumin and phosphorus found decreased. The Giemsa-stained blood smears revealed presence of numerous intracytoplasmic morulae of Anaplasma bovis in the monocytes. Clinical signs and haemato-biochemical and blood smear findings confirmed the case diagnosis for concurrent Anaplasma bovis infection and hypophosphatemia. The treatment of cow with oxytetracycline for 5 days along with buffered phosphorus preparation for 3 days revealed gradual improvement leading to complete clinical recovery in 5 days.
Anaplasma bovis, Haematobiochemical changes, Hypophosphatemia
Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Therapy in Canine Alopecia
The present study was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an adjunct to conventional management in dogs affected with alopecia and to assess the utility of trichogram analysis as a diagnostic and therapeutic monitoring tool. A total of 20 client owned dogs presented with alopecia were divided into two treatment groups and compared with ten healthy controls. Dogs in group I received conventional therapy, while Group II received conventional therapy along with PRP administration once weekly for two consecutive weeks. Haematology, serum biochemistry, and trichogram analysis were performed before and after therapy. Pre-treatment trichogram analysis revealed predominance of telogen hairs along with follicular casts, trichoptilosis, distorted hair shafts, and pigmentary abnormalities, indicating follicular inactivity and impaired hair growth. Post-therapeutic evaluation demonstrated significant clinical improvement in PRP-treated dogs, characterized by earlier hair regrowth, improved coat quality, increased hair density, and a higher proportion of anagen hairs compared to dogs receiving conventional therapy alone. The average recovery time and percentage recovery were superior in the PRP-treated group (9 days and 97%, respectively) compared to the conventional therapy group (17 days and 74%, respectively).
Acute on Chronic Kidney Disease in a Non-Descript Bitch
A nine-year-old female mongrel dog was presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur with history of acute onset of anorexia, vomiting and tarry colored diarrhea. Upon clinical examination, subnormal rectal temperature, blanched conjunctival mucous membranes and moderate dehydration were observed. Auscultation of thorax revealed the presence of grade III systolic murmurs. Anemia, leukocytosis, azotemia, hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia were also observed. Renal vascular doppler showed an increased renal resistive index (RRI) and pulsatility index (PI). Transthoracic echocardiography revealed hyperkinetic left ventricle with concentric hypertrophy. Based on the above findings, the case was diagnosed as Acute on Chronic Kidney Disease (ACKD) with secondary Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM). The patient was treated with antibiotic, ACE inhibitor and supplements.
Warburg Effect and Tumour-Associated Hyperlactatemia in a Non-Descript Dog
An eight-year-old male non-descriptive dog was presented to Madras Veterinary College Hospital, Chennai, with a history of severe respiratory distress and open-mouth breathing. Clinical examination revealed hyperthermia, SpO2 98%, tachypnea, and small multiple skin masses, and a large ulcerated mass on the left medial thigh region. Haematological evaluation showed leukocytosis with neutrophilia, while biochemical parameters were within reference limits. Radiography revealed normal lung parenchyma with no effusions. Arterial blood gas analysis revealed a normal pH with reduced bicarbonate concentration, decreased partial pressure of carbon dioxide, and markedly elevated lactate levels, indicating metabolic acidosis with a compensatory respiratory component.. Fine needle aspiration cytology was collected from the small skin masses and from the left thigh mass which revealed a mast cell tumour and fibrosarcoma, respectively. The dog was stabilized with fluid therapy, antipyretics, antibiotics and supportive medications.
Warburg effect, Tumour, Lactate levels, Blood gas analyser
Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in a German Shepherd Dog
A four-year-old male German Shepherd dog was presented to the Small Animal Clinics, GADVASU, with the primary complaint of exercise intolerance for the past 3-4 days and chronic weight loss. Physical examination revealed poor body condition and dull mentation, fever and tachycardia. Conjunctival mucous membranes and palpation of lymph nodes were normal. The animal was subjected to blood sampling, thoracic radiography, electrocardiography and echocardiography. Haemoglobin was 14.7g% and TLC was 13,900 cu mm, showing absolute neutrophilia. Thoracic radiography showed heart occupying 83% of chest in ventral-dorsal view, suggestive of cardiac enlargement. Electrocardiography revealed an extremely rapid rhythm with a heart rate of 300 beats per minute, indicating emergency condition. Echocardiography revealed left atrium and ventricle enlargement, along with mild flattening of mitral valve and mitral regurgitation. Values of Ao, LA and their ratio (LA/Ao) were 1.80, 4.99 and 2.72 respectively. Based on the findings, the case was diagnosed for Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. The dog was treated with digoxin 250mcg and diltiazem 45 mg twice a day for first two days to control arrythmia. Further treatment was continued with tab pimobendan and enalapril at the dose of 5mg twice a day. The dog was telephonically reported to be stable after 14 days.
MMVD, German Shepherd, echocardiography, arrythmia
Clinico-pathological and Ultrasonographical Studies in Babesia gibsoni Infection in Dogs
The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence, clinical signs, haematological, biochemical and ultrasonographic alterations in dogs naturally infected with Babesia gibsoni at the Medicine unit, Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Bikaner, Rajasthan from July 2025 to December 2025. Out of 1628 dogs examined in the Medicine OPD, 23 were confirmed positive for B. gibsoni by PCR (18S rRNA gene), yielding an overall hospital prevalence of 1.41%. The highest occurrence was recorded in German Shepherds (30.4%), male dogs (56.5%) and the >1–5-year age group (34.8%). Maximum positivity was observed during July (39.1%). The predominant clinical signs included pyrexia (73.9%), anorexia (69.6%) and tick infestation (65.2%). Ultrasonography revealed splenomegaly (52.3%), hepatomegaly (39.1%) and renal cortical changes (17.4%). Haematological examination disclosed highly significant (p<0.01) reductions in haemoglobin (8.56 ± 0.79 g/dl), total erythrocyte count (4.45 ± 0.28 ×10⁶/µl), PCV (28.09 ± 1.98%) and platelets (82.52 ± 11.64 ×10³/µl). Biochemical analysis revealed significant elevations in AST, ALT and total bilirubin, along with significant decreases in total protein and albumin.
Babesia gibsoni, Prevalence, PCR, Haemato-biochemical, Ultrasonography, Dogs
Therapeutic Management of Oviposition Disorder in a Domestic Hen
Two year-old domestic hen was presented with lethargy, straining and failed to lay eggs for 2 days. Clinical examination and palpation suggested egg retention in the coelomic cavity. Ultrasonography and radiography confirmed a retained shell-less egg within a mildly distended oviduct. Biochemical analysis revealed hypocalcaemia. The case was diagnosed as egg retention associated with hypocalcaemia. Treatment with subcutaneous 10% calcium gluconate, oral calcium supplementation and supportive care resulted in oviposition of a shell-less egg followed by a normally shelled egg within 3 days after treatment. No recurrence was observed.
Egg retention, dystocia, hypocalcemia, shell-less egg
Mixed Intestinal Coccidiosis in Columba livia and Its Therapeutic Management
Coccidiosis is an important protozoan disease of pigeons causing considerable morbidity and mortality, particularly in young birds. Three young domestic pigeons from a flock with high mortality were presented with severe diarrhoea, inappetence, weight loss and weakness. Parasitological examination of faecal samples revealed mixed infection with Eimeria columbae and Eimeria tropicalis confirmed based on oocyst morphology and sporulation characteristics. The affected pigeons and the flock were treated with toltrazuril 2.5% administered through drinking water along with supportive therapy and improved hygienic measures. Marked clinical improvement was observed within a few days with complete cessation of mortality and a significant reduction in oocyst shedding following treatment.
Pigeon coccidiosis, Eimeria columbae, Eimeria tropicalis, Toltrazuril, anticoccidial
Demographic study of Canine Renal Failure in a Tertiary Veterinary Hospital of Bihar, India
The present study evaluated the incidence and demographic distribution of canine renal failure cases presented at the Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC), Bihar Veterinary College (BVC), Patna, over a six-month period (July–December 2024). Out of 2,975 dogs examined, 700 showed clinical signs suggestive of renal dysfunction, of which 149 cases were confirmed as renal failure through haematological and biochemical investigations, yielding an overall incidence of 5%. The highest prevalence was observed in dogs older than 8 years (36.2%), followed by those aged 5–8 years (30.2%). Breed-wise, Pomeranians (33.5%) were most commonly affected, followed by Labrador Retrievers (28.1%) and German Shepherds (22.1%). Male dogs (52.4%) were slightly more affected than females (47.6%). A clear seasonal trend was noted, with the highest number of cases recorded in September (23.4%).
Canine renal failure, breed, clinical signs, incidence, seasonal variation,
Ultrasonography of coelomic organs in rescued black kites (Milvus migrans)
Fourteen rescued kites were examined at centers in Chennai and Ahmedabad between February and September 2024. Each bird underwent general examination and ultrasonographic evaluation using various probes and approaches including ventromedian, ventrocaudal, parasternal, and lateral views. Liver, gallbladder, gizzard, intestines, kidneys, and heart were assessed using ultrasound. Abnormalities such as hepatomegaly, nephromegaly, proventricular dilation, enteritis, and pneumocoelom were identified. The liver, gizzard, and intestines were consistently visualized, while spleen, kidneys, and reproductive organs were less commonly visualized.
Biomarkers and Acute Phase Proteins in Dogs with Gastro Intestinal Emergencies
Acute abdomen is a sudden onset of abdominal pain which develop due to multiple etiologies. Among those etiologies gastrointestinal emergencies are considered to be common cause of acute abdomen in dogs. Seventeen dogs had gastrointestinal emergencies which included gastric dilatation and volvulus, foreign body, intussusception and acute pancreatitis. Parameters like haematology, biochemistry, blood gas analysis and acute phase proteins and biomarkers were collected and analysed statistically. Biomarkers were analysed in both survivor and non survivor dogs. The findings highlighted the significance of acute phase proteins and biomarker in predicting the outcome of survivor in acute abdomen dogs with gastrointestinal emergencies.
Acute abdomen, GI emergencies, Biomarkers, Predictor
Endoscopic Evaluation of Spirocercosis in Four Dogs
Spirocerca lupi induces fibroproliferative oesophageal nodules, which may progress to obstruction or aneurysm. Four dogs were presented with anorexia, chronic vomiting, pyrexia, persistent vocalisation, and poor response to symptomatic therapy. Laboratory evaluation revealed mild leucocytosis with unremarkable serum biochemistry. Endoscopic examination identified nodular lesions in the distal thoracic oesophagus, with live worms visualised in two cases. Barium contrast radiography demonstrated intraluminal mass effects. Treatment with doramectin administered at 14‑day intervals for three cycles, combined with antiemetics and pantoprazole, resulted in progressive clinical improvement and regression of nodules on follow‑up imaging.
Spirocerca lupi, Canine spirocercosis, Endoscopy, Oesophageal nodules, Doramectin
Quadriplex PCR assay for diagnosis of haemoprotozoan diseases in bovines
The present study was conducted to standardize a quadriplex PCR assay for rapid, sensitive, specific and simultaenous diagnosis of major haemoprotozoan diseases of bovines. Primers targeting cytochrome b gene, repetitive nucleotide sequences, gene encoding carbomyl phosphate synthetase II and small subunit rRNA were used for detection of Trypanosoma evansi, Theileria annulata, Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina generating amplicon of 257bp, 312bp, 446bp and 689bp, respectively. Multiplex PCR assay was optimized in a final volume of 25 µl containing 12.5 µl dream taq green master mix (2X), 0.5 µl of each cytob1 primer, 0.4 µl of each TR3/TR4 primer, 0.4 µl of Bb1/Bb2 primer and 0.6 µl of Bg3/Bg4 primer, 4µl of template DNA and rest NFW. Twenty DNA samples extracted from field blood samples were screened by quadriplex PCR assay. Primers were found specific as did not produce amplicon with non-target DNA. Limit of detection was determined using tenfold serial dilution of parasitic DNA. Quadriplex PCR assay could able to amplify DNA of Theileria annulata and Babesia bigemina at copy number 1000 whereas of Babesia bovis and Trypanosoma evansi at copy number 100, respectively. Out of 20 samples, T. annulata was seen in 15% sample, B.bigemina and B.bovis in 5 % sample and B. bigemina + T. annulata in 10% samples, rest sample were negative. Assay was found to be highly specific and can be used for simultaneous diagnosis of major haemoprotozoan diseases.
Arterial Blood Gas analysis in Labrador retriever puppies with parvoviral enteritis
Labrador Retriever Puppies aged between 3 months to 5 months with parvoviral enteritis were selected and their Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) profile was analyzed. It revealed decreased pO2 and elevated anion gap affected puppies. There was significant reduction in the mean concentrations for plasma total CO2 (TCO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and HCO3 values.
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG), Canine Parvovirus (CPV), labrador retriever
Copyright (c) 2025 Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine
Clinico pathological changes in cattle with theileriosis
The paper reports the clinical and pathological findings in cattle suffering with abomasal ulcers in association with theileriosis. Six cattle with abomasal ulcers in association with theileriosis was identified by presence of intra-erythrocytic piroplasms of Theileria annulata in stained blood smears. Abomasal ulcers were identified based on the positive benzidine test. The clinical findings noticed were absence of rumination, anorexia, loss of milk yield, melena, depressed demeanour, emaciation, abdominal guarding, pale mucous membranes, hyperthermia, lymphadenopathy, kyphosis, tachypnea and dyspnea. Reduced serum levels of albumin, calcium, phosphorus, chloride, potassium and increased serum levels of aspartate transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine were noticed.
Prevalence of Mast Cell Tumour in Dogs in Chennai
The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of mast cell tumours in dogs presented at Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, Chennai for five months (July 2024- November 2024). A total of 802 cytological smears prepared each from the nodule of different breeds of dogs were referred to the Centralised Clinical Laboratory, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai for cytological examination. The overall prevalence of mast cell tumour was found to be 2.86 %, of which, females showed a higher prevalence (56.52 %) compared to males (43.47%). Among various age groups affected, an increased prevalence was recorded in dogs belonging to more than six years of age (56.52%), followed by 0-3 years (26.08%) and 4-6 years (17.39%). Non-descript breeds showed the highest prevalence (52.17 %), followed by Labrador Retriever (34.78%), and Golden Retrievers, Boxer and Pug (4.34 % each).
Chennai, Dog, Mast cell tumour, Prevalence,
Estimation of Thyroid profile in cats through Radio Immunoassay
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a highly sensitive and specific in vitro technique for quantifying hormones and other small antigens in biological fluids. The present study was undertaken to establish reference values for total Triiodothyronine (TT3), total Thyroxine (TT4), and free Thyroxine (fT4) in healthy cats. A total of thirty-one (31) healthy cats were ethically enrolled for the establishment of the thyroid hormone reference range. Serum concentrations of TT3, TT4, and fT4 were measured using RIA. The estimation of TT3 was carried out using the procedure recommended by the manufacturers. However, TT4 and fT4 were estimated by doubling the serum and standard volumes and halving the final results. The results of the present study recorded mean serum TT3, TT4, and fT4 values in healthy cats as 0.69 ± 0.13 nmol/l, 28.29 ± 3.78 nmol/l and 31.41 ± 2.88 pmol/l respectively. The reference interval (25th to 75th percentile) for TT3, TT4, and fT4 was found to be 0.31 – 0.84 nmol/l, 13.84 – 34.75 nmol/l and 19.31 – 37.32 pmol/l respectively. The median for TT3, TT4, and fT4 was found to be 0.38 nmol/l, 19.95 nmol/l and 33.46 pmol/l respectively.
Feline thyroid function, Radioimmunoassay (RIA); Triiodothyronine (TT3); Thyroxine (TT4) and Free Thyroxine (fT4).
Effectiveness of Nutritional Supplement (SKORA 33) in the Management of Malassezia dermatitis in Dogs
Malassezia dermatitis is one of the common dermatological conditions in dogs, often requiring comprehensive therapeutic management. Ten dogs were diagnosed with Malassezia dermatitis based on clinical signs and confirmed through direct microscopic examination of swab smears stained with Loeffler’s methylene blue. Treatment was carried out with iatroconazole with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids (SKORA 33), antioxidants, vitamins, and trace minerals. Over a three-week treatment period, the supplemented group recorded marked clinical improvement, including enhanced hair regrowth.
Malassezia dermatitis, Dog, nutritional supplement (SKORA-33).
Successful Management of Oesophageal Obstruction in a Jersey Crossbred Cow
A Jersey crossbred non-pregnant cow was presented with a history of anorexia and dysphagia. The cow was unable to swallow anything. Physical examination and oesophageal palpation revealed a enlargement in the left lateral neck region. An attempt to pass a stomach tube failed, indicating oesophageal obstruction. After sedation and manual intervention, a foreign body composed of groundnut cake and feed material was retrieved. The condition of the cow improved following the removal of the obstruction.
Sumathi, D*., Ponnu Swamy, K. K., Ravi, R. and Sasikala, K
Endoscopic retrieval of Pendastomid worm occlusion in a rescued Indian Rat Snake (Ptyas mucosa)
A rat snake was presented with the history of rescue from a rural household. It was said to have some hit injury and was dull and reluctant to move. Bubbling of nasal discharge from the nostril, open mouth breathing and copious salivation were noticed. On auscultation deep breathing was observed; respiratory distress was noticed. The snake was medicated with ketamine hydrochloride and Diazepam and prepared for endoscopic assessment. A 2.8mm thin flexible endoscopy was used to assess the trachea, lungs and air sac area. In the middle of respiratory tract, occlusion with Pentastomid worm was noticed which was retrieved using grasping forceps. Dextrose Normal Saline was administered orally using feeding tubes and ivermectin was given subcutaneously. The snake recovered uneventfully after endoscopy and later rehabilitated and released in to a non-human habitat area.
Indian rat snake, Flexible Endoscopy, Pentastome, Occlusion
Clinico Pathological and Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Dogs with Ascites
Ascites is a common clinical manifestation of underlying hepatic pathology in dogs, often resulting from portal hypertension, cirrhosis, or hypoalbuminemia. The study was aimed to evaluate haematological, biochemical, electrolyte, ascitic fluid, and ultrasonographic alterations in 15 dogs with ascites. Haematologically mean values of Hb, PCV and TEC were significantly reduced while total leukocyte with neutrophil count were significantly increased. Biochemically, mean values of total protein and albumin were significantly reduced while mean values of ALT, AST, ALP, and BUN were significantly increased. On sonography increased parenchymal echogenicity, irregular liver margins, rounding of liver margins and diffuse nodular changes were noticed.
Ascites, Portal hypertension, SAAG, Sonography
Cobra Envenomation in a Doberman Dog – A Case Report
A two years old male Doberman dog was presented in a recumbent state with a history of snake bite and clinical manifestations of dullness, depression, respiratory distress and frothy salivation. Clinical examination revealed two fang marks on the lateral aspect of the left shoulder with oozing of blood. Hematological evaluation showed leukocytosis and reduced packed cell volume. Based on the clinical signs and history, the condition was diagnosed as cobra envenomation. The dog was treated with Polyvalent anti snake venom along with Atropine sulphate, Antibiotics, B complex, Fluid therapy and Antiseptic wound dressing. Uneventful recovery was observed within three days. The case emphasizes the importance of early identification, timely antivenom administration and supportive therapy in successful management of neurotoxic snake bite on dogs.
Cobra bite, Naja naja, Dog, Anti-snake venom, Neurotoxic envenomation
Haemato-biochemical changes in small ruminants with haemoprotozoan diseases
Haemoprotozoan diseases is one of the important infectious aliments affecting small ruminants. Haemato-biochemical changes in small ruminants with haemoprotozoan diseaases was carried out. Animals with fever, lymphadenopathy, haemoglobinuria, tick infestation were screened. 100 number of samples were taken up for the study during the period of November 2024 to November 2025. These blood samples were subjected to haematology and serum biochemistry analysis. Reduction in haemoglobin, packed cell volume, erythrocyte and increase in total leucocyte count and differential count were observed. Elevated serum total bilirubin, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase and magnesium were observed. Reduced serum albumin, iron and copper were noticed in these small ruminants.
Haemoprotozoan diseases, haematology, serum biochemistry
Clinico pathological studies of Pericardial effusion in fourteen dogs
Fourteen dogs presented to the Small Animal Outpatient Unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, Chennai, exhibiting clinical signs suggestive of pericardial effusion were subjected to detailed clinical, radiographic, electrocardiographic, ultrasonographic, and echocardiographic evaluations. Pericardiocentesis was performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Echocardiography proved to be a reliable diagnostic tool for confirmation and monitoring of pericardial effusion. Cytological evaluation aided in differentiation of idiopathic, neoplastic, and inflammatory causes.
Pericardial effusion, Echocardiography, Pericardiocentesis, Cytology, Dog
Management of Acute-on-Chronic Kidney Injury in a Golden Retriever
A four-year-old Golden Retriever bitch weighing 26 Kg was presented with the history of inappetence for one week. Clinical examination revealed emaciated, pyrexia, pale mucus membrane, hypertension (170 mmHg). splenomegaly and generalized lymphadenopathy. Laboratory evaluation showed hypochromic anemia with thrombocytopenia, hyposthenuria with proteinuria with elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. Nephrosonogram revealed normal parenchyma with good corticomedullary differentiation, with irregular border and increased cortical echogenicity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed Babesia gibsoni infection.. Targeted antiprotozoal therapy comprised a 28-day course of triple antibiotic protocol with doxycycline, clindamycin, and metronidazole along with hematinic and thrombopoietic support. Therapeutic management included fluid therapy, antiemetics, proton pump inhibitors, antihypertensives, phosphate binders, renal-specific diet, and supportive care Marked clinical improvement was observed during follow-up, with progressive normalization of renal parameters, restoration of appetite, and improvement in body condition score.
Babesia gibsoni, Dog, Kidney injury, Triple therapy
Cutaneous Ulcerative Disease in a Star Tortoise
A rescued Indian Star Tortoise (Geochelone elegans) was presented with shell deformities, limb weakness and ulcerative plastron lesions. Clinical evaluation, radiography and biochemical analysis were carried out. The plastron was abnormally soft and pliable, deviating markedly from the rigidity observed in healthy individuals. Deep ulcerative lesions were noted on the pectoral and abdominal scutes of the plastron. Hypocalcaemia with elevated phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase levels was observed while reduced serum vitamin A and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentrations. Microbiological culture of the ulcerative plastron lesions yielded Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. Treatment included calcium and vitamin supplementation, fluid therapy and antimicrobial therapy, resulting in significant clinical improvement and shell remineralization within six weeks.
Star tortoise, Cutaneous Ulcerative Disease
Karthika, K. Jyothipriya, R and Ponnu swamy, K.K
A one-day old female Crossbred Jersey (CBJ) calf was presented to the Referral Veterinary Polyclinic (RVP), ICAR-IVRI with the complaint of dullness, inappetence and dribbling of urine from the umbilical cord since birth. Physical examination revealed high temperature (104.5°F), difficulty in drinking milk, erect ears, muscle rigidity, hindlimb stiffness and difficulty in walking. Based on these classical findings, the present case was diagnosed as Tetanus associated with persistent urachus. The calf was treated with Anti Tetanus Serum (ATS), antibiotic, muscle relaxants and fluid therapy for 5 days. The animal showed uneventful recovery following therapeutic management.
Tetanus, Clostridium tetani, Calf, Anti tetanus serum (ATS)