Novel plant-based compounds could be useful in protecting shrimp species against AHPND Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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Authors
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Vikash Kumar
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Peter Bossier
Abstract
The acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), originally known as early mortality syndrome (EMS) is a newly emerging shrimp disease causing havoc in the shrimp industry (De Schryver et al., 2014). The disease is caused by specific virulent stains of Gram-negative marine bacterium, Vibrio parahaemolyticusubiquitous in estuarine and coastal waters (FAO, 2018). Since the AHPND outbreak first appeared in China in 2009, it has spread to Vietnam (2010), Malaysia (2011), Thailand (2012), Mexico (2013), Philippines (2015) and South America (2016) (Lai et al., 2015; Lee et al., 2015). The shrimp production in AHPND affected regions has dropped to ~60%, and the disease has caused global loss of $1 billion per year to the shrimp farming industry (Kumar et al., 2019, 2018). The V. parahaemolyticus becomes virulent VPAHPND by acquiring a 63-70 kb
plasmid (pVA1) encoding the binary toxin PirAVp/ PirBVp, which consist of two subunits PirA and PirB, and is homologous to the Photorhabdus luminescens
insect-related (Pir) toxins PirA/PirB(Sirikharin et al.,
2015). The binary toxin PirAVP and PirBVP damages the
shrimp tissue, primarily the hepatopancreas (Hp) R
(resorptive) cells, B (blister) cells, F (fibrillar) cells and E
(embryonic cells), resulting in shrinkage of Hp tubular
epithelial cells and sloughing of Hp tubular lumen. The
early life stages of shrimp are often found to be more
susceptible to the pathogenic AHPND V. parahae
molyticus infection the infection develops quickly,
starting approximately after 8 days of post larvae
stocking and severe mortalities occurs during the first
20-30 days of culture (Choi et al., 2017).
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