Nutritional profiling and genetic relatedness among Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L) genotypes

Abstract

Development of genotypes with improved nutritional qualities with high antioxidants is highly desirable in Indian
mustard (Brassica juncea L.). A set of forty-four advanced breeding lines of Indian mustard derived from cross
[EC564648×(Rajat×NUDHYJ3)], [NRCHB101×NUDHYJ5], [EC552573×(Varuna×NUDHYJ3)] and
[NRCDR02×NUDHYJ5] were undergo nutritional profiling for oil and seed meal and molecular marker analysis using
SSR markers for genetic relatedness among themselves. The genetic parameters for the nutritional traits have also been
studied. The double zero advanced breeding lines, DRMRQ4-7-23 (high oleic acid), DRMRQ1-11-32 (moderate
linoleic acid with high oleic/linoleic ratio), DRMRQ4-5-25 (low linolenic acid with high ω-6/ω-3 ratio), DRMRQ4-1-
58 (high β-carotene content), DRMRQ 2-3-17 (high flavonoid content) and DRMRQ1-16-27 (high antioxidant) were
reported to be nutritionally improved lines. Trait flavonoid content exhibited highest GCV (34.74%) and oil content
exhibited the lowest (0.83%) one. Traits like oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oleic/linoleic ratio, ω-6/ω-3 ratio,
antioxidant and β-carotene exhibited more than 90% heritability. Thirty polymorphic primers out of 135 SSR primers
generating 76 alleles with two to four alleles per primer and PIC value ranging from 0.129 to 0.678 were used to calculate
Jaccard's dissimilarity coefficients ranging from 0.09 to 0.74 with an average of 0.40. The UPGMA based dendrogram
representing genetic dissimilarity among different genotypes grouped 44 double low advanced breeding lines into four
clusters with fourth cluster divided into three sub-clusters. SSR based clustering showed that although these genotypes
are derived from different crosses, yet they are genetically related to each other probably due to common double zero
parentage. These nutritionally enriched double zero genotypes are important genetic resources for the mustard breeders.