Influence of integrated use of microbial inoculants and inorganic fertilizers on growth and nutrient dynamics of oil palm seedlings
INFLUENCE OF MICROBIAL INOCULANTS AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON OIL PALM SEEDLINGS
120 / 2
Keywords:
Growth, Integration, Microbial fertilizers, Nutrient uptake, Oil palm seedlingAbstract
Nurseryexperiment was conducted to observe influence ofmicrobial fertilizers on growth and nutrient dynamics of oil palm (Elaeis guineencies Jacq.) seedlings for two years. Azotobacter chroococcum, Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus megaterium, Frateuria aurantia and Glomus aggregatum were used individually, combinedly and integrated with chemical fertilizers. Promising results for seedling height, leaves, root volume and dry matter were recorded under microbial fertilizers+25% recommended dose of chemical fertilizers. Maximum availability of organic carbon, phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, zinc and boron with microbial fertilizers+25% recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, potassiumin Frateuria aurantia and calciumand magnesiuminAzospirillum brasilense were observed in potting mixture. Similarly, significant enhancement in total uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc by seedlings with microbial fertilizers+25% recommended dose of chemical fertilizers. Integrated use of microbial fertilizers with lower dose of chemical fertilizers played a significant role in enhancing growth, soil fertility and nutrient uptake.
Downloads
References
Allen E B, Allen M F, Helm D J, Trappe J M, Moliva R and Rincon E 1985. Patterns of and regulation of mycorrhizal and fungal diversity. Plant Soil, 170: 47-62.
Amir H G, Shamsuddin Z H, Halimi M S, Ramlan M F and Marziah M 2005. Enhancement in nutrient accumulation and growth of oil palm seedlings caused by PGPR under field nursery conditions. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36: 2059-2066.
Aseri G K and Rao A V 2005. Interaction of bio-inoculants and chemicalfertilizers on biomass production, rhizosphere activity and nutrient uptake of ber. Indian Journal of Forestry, 28: 58-64.
Bar-Ness E, Chen Y, Hadar Y, Marschner H and Pomheld V 1991. Siderophores of Pseudomonas putida as an iron source for dicot and monocot plants. Plant and Soil, 130: 231-241.
Bhuvaneshwari N and Sadhana B 2014. Arbuscular mycorrhizal status of non-leguminous plants. Indian Journal of Advances in Plant Research, 1: 31-38.
Blal B and Gianinazzi Pearson 1990. Interest of endomycorrhizae for production of micropropagated oil palm (Elaeis guiniensis Jacq.). Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment, 29: 39-43.
Clark R B 1997. Arbuscular mycorrhizal adaptation, spore germination, root colonization and host plant growth and mineral acquisition at low pH. Plant Soil, 192: 15-22.
Corley R H V and Tinker P B 2003. The Oil Palm. 4th ed. Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxford, UK.
Dolcet-Sanjuan R, Claveria E, Camprouby A, Estaun V and Calvet C 1996. Micropropagation of walnut trees (Juglans regia L.) and response to arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation. Agronomie, 16: 639-645.
Han H and Lee K D 2005. Phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria effect on mineral uptake, soil availability and growth of egg plant. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 1:176-180.
Jaisankar I, Revathi R, Parthiban K T, Backiyavathy M R, Jude Sudhagar R and Sivakumar K 2013. Response of Dalbergia sissoo clones to integrated nutrient management practices. Indian Journal of Hill Farming, 26: 42-48.
Kohler J, Caravaca F, Carraco L and Rolden A 2007. Interactions between a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, an AM fungus and phosphate solubilizing fungusin the rhizosphere of Lactuca sativa. Applied Soil Ecology, 35: 480-487.
Kothari S K, Marschner H and Romheld V 1991. Contribution of VAmycorrhizal hyphae in acquisition of phosphorous and zinc by maize grown in a calcareous soil. Plant and Soil, 133: 177-185.
Lindsay W L and Norvell W A 1978. Development of DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 42: 421-428.
Mathur N and Vyas V 1995. Changes in isozyme patterns of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase by VAM fungi in roots of Ziziphus sp. Journal of Plant Physiology, 145: 498-500.
Merwin H D and Peach M 1951. Exchangeability ofsoil potassium in sand, silt and clay fraction as influenced by the nature of complementary exchangeable cations. Soil Science Society of America, 15: 125-128.
Muzaffar Mir, Hassan G I, Sheikh K and Sanjeev Kumar Sharma 2012. Impact of biofertilizers on growth, nutrient uptake, yield, metabolism and rhizosphere enzyme activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) 'Kandhari Kabuli'. Applied Biological Research, 14: 168-175.
Noor Ai'shah O, Amir H G, Chan Lai Keng and Othman A R 2009. Influence of various combinations of diazotrophs and chemical N fertilizer on plant growth and N2 fixation capacity of oil palm seedlings (Elaesis guineensis Jacq.). Thai Journal of Agricultural Science, 42: 139-149.
Oliver A J, Smith S, Nicolas D J D, Wallace W and Smith A 1983. Effect of mycorrhizal infection and phosphorous nutrition in Trifolium subterrneum F A L. New Phytology, 94: 63-79.
Olsen S R, Cole C V, Watanabe F S and Dean L A 1954. Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate USDA Cir.939 USDA, Washington DC. Ponmurugan P and Gopi C 2006. Distribution pattern and screening of phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from different food and forage crops. Journal of Agronomy, 5:600-604.
Ramakrishnaiah G and Vijaya T 2013. Influence of VAM fungi, Azotobacter sp. and PSB on soil phosphatase activity and nutrients status in the rhizosphere of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) plants. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 4: 1443-1447.
Ryglewicz P T and Anderson C P 1994. Mycorrhizae alter quality and quantity of carbon below ground. Nature, 369: 58-60.
Sadhana B 2014. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as a biofertilizer-A review. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 3: 384-400.
Sanders F E and Tinker P B 1973. Phosphate inflow into mycorrhizal roots. Pesticidal Science, 4: 385-395.
Seema Paroha K, Chandra K and Rakhi Yadav 2009. Integrated effect of biofertilizers fertilizers (AM, Azotobacter and PSB) on growth and nutrient acquisition by Tectona grandis. Journal of Tropical Forestry, 25: 54-61.
Sharada W K and Bernard F R 2009. Studies on effects of arbuscualar mycorrhizal (Am.) fungi on mineral nutrition of Carica papaya L. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj, 37: 183-186.
Smith S E, Dickson S and Smith F A 2001. Nutrient transport in arbuscular mycorrhizae: How are fungal and plant processes integrated. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 28: 683-694.
Sumathi C S, Ramesh N, Balasubramanian V and Rajesh Kannan V 2011. Microbial bioinoculant potential on turmeric growth improvement under tropical nursery conditions. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences, 2: 612-623.
Tarafdar J C and Classen N 1988. Organic phosphorous compounds as a phosphorous source for higher plants through the activity of phosphatase by plant roots and microorganisms. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 5: 308-312.
Tholakappian P, Prakash M and Sundaram M D 2001. Effect of AM fungi on proline, nitrogen and pod number of soybean under moisture stress. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 6: 98-99.
Umme Aminun Naher, Radziah Othman and Qurban Ali Panhwar 2013. Beneficial effects of mycorrhizal association for crop production in the Tropics-A Review. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 15: 1021-1028.
Walkley A and Black I A 1934. An examination of Degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification ofthe chromic acid titration method. Soil Science, 37: 29-37.
Walker T S, Bais H P, Grotewold E and Vinanco M 2003. Root exudation and rhizoshpere biology. Plant Physiology, 132: 44-51.
Xavier Moses Martin, ChettipalayamSamiappan Sumathi andVelu Rajesh Kannan 2011. Influence of agrochemicals and Azotabacter sp application on soil fertility in relation to maize growth under nursery conditions. Eurasian Journal of Bio Sciences, 5: 19-28.