Proper sowing method and nitrogen level improve above ground biomass, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in coastal soil
EFFECT OF SOWING METHODS AND N LEVELS ON SPRING SUNFLOWER IN COASTAL SOIL
255 / 14
Authors
-
KOUSHIK SINHA MAHAPATRA
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741 252, West Bengal
-
HIRAK BANERJEE
RegionalResearchStation (CSZ), BCKV, Akshaynagar, Kakdwip, South 24 Parganas-743347, West Bengal
-
ABHISEK BANIK
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741 252, West Bengal
-
ADITI PAHARI
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741 252, West Bengal
-
SUKANTA PAL
Regional Research Sub-Station (NAZ), BCKV, Uttar Panchpota, Chakdaha, Nadia-741222, West Bengal
Keywords:
Coastal soil, Economics, Nitrogen use efficiency, Sowing method, Sunflower, YieldAbstract
A field trial was conducted at Regional Research Station (CSZ), BCKV, Akshaynagar, Kakdwip, West Bengal on sunflower during spring season of 2022 and 2023 in strip-plot design with two sowing methods (furrow and pit sowing) in the vertical strips and six N levels (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg/ha) in the horizontal strips. Results revealed significant impact of sowing method and N level on seed yield of sunflower crop. Furrow sowing with 200 kg N/ha produced the highest seed (2.6 t/ha) and stover yield (8.4 t/ha), accounting 337% and 113% more than control plots (without N). The agronomic efficiency (AEN) varied from 7.6 to 14.1 kg/kg N for furrow-sown crop and 2.3 to 15.0 kg/kg N for pit-sown crop. In both sowing methods, mean AEN was higher with 120 kg N/ha and decreased with further increase in N levels up to 200 kg/ha. The average internal efficiency (IEN), exhibited a similar trend to that of AEN. At the end of second year of cropping, the maximum N-gain (108.2 kg/ha) was recorded in furrow-sown crop that received 200 kg N/ha. In case of furrow sowing, the gross return (`120000/ha) the net return (`60509/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.02) reached the peak at 200 kg N/ha. In conclusion, the practice of furrow sowing (at shallow depth) along with 200 kg N supply per ha stands out as the most preferable and effective agronomic management for spring sunflower in coastal soil.
Downloads
References
1. Ahmad G, Quresh Z and Ullah H 2000. Effect of different sowing methods on the performance of sunflower. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 3(11): 1829-1830. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2000.1829.1830
2. Alipatra A and Banerjee H 2018. Economics and energetics in hybrid sunflower cultivation as influenced by irrigation and fertilizer management practices. Journal of Applied and Natural Science, 10(3): 1018-1025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i3.1850
3. Alipatra A, Banerjee H, Bhattacharyya K, Bandopadhyay P and Ray K 2019b. Yield and quality of hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as affected by irrigation and fertilization. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 89(9): 1419-1424. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v89i9.93480
4. Alipatra A, Banerjee H, Bhattacharyya K, Bandopadhyay P, Mazumdar D and Sarkar S 2019a. Productivity, nutrient uptake and profitability of hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as influenced by irrigation and fertilizer management practices under sub-tropical climate of West Bengal. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 64(1):107-114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v64i1.5242
5. AOAC 1995. Official Methods of Analysis, 16th edition.
6. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.
7. Bakht J E H A N, Shafi M, Rehman H, Uddin R and Anwar S 2011. Effect of planting methods on growth, phenology and yield of maize varieties. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43(3):1629-1633.
8. Banerjee H, Dutta S K, Pramanik S J, Ray K, Phonglosa A and Bhattacharyya K 2014. Productivity and profitability of spring planted sunflower hybrid with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Annals of Plant and Soil Research, 16(3):250-256.
9. Bindu M S, Manan J and Singh G 2017. Evaluation of different methods of sowing of sunflower at farmers' field in central plain zone of Punjab, India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(10):691-697. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.085
10. Bodake P S and Rana D S 2009. Evaluation of jatropha (Jatropha curcas) and castor (Ricinus communis) cake as a source of nutrient and soil amendment in spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus) maize (Zea mays) sequence. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 54(3):284-290. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v54i3.4804
11. Cantagallo J E, Medan D and Hall A J 2009. Grain number in sunflower as affected by shading during floret growth, anthesis and grain setting. Field Crops Research, 85(2-3):191-202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00160-6
12. Cechin, I and de Fatima Fumis T 2004. Effect of nitrogen supply on growth and photosynthesis of sunflower plants grown in the greenhouse. Plant Science, 166(5): 1379-1385. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2004.01.020
13. Dobermann A, Witt C, Dawe D, Abdulrachman S, Gines HC, Nagarajan R, Satawathananont S, Son T T, Tan P S, Wang G H and Chien N V 2002. Site-specific nutrient management for intensive rice cropping systems in Asia. Field Crops Research, 74(1): 37-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(01)00197-6
14. Fageria N K 2014. Nitrogen harvest index and its association with crop yields. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 37(6): 795-810. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2014.881855
15. Gomez K A and Gomez A A 1984. Statistical procedures for Agricultural Research 2nd edition. In: An International Rice Research Institute Book. pp. 258-259. AWilleyInter-science Publication (John Willey and Sons), New York, USA.
16. Indiastat 2022. Season wise Area, Production and Yield of Sunflower in India (1970-1971 to 2023-2024-1st Advance Estimates). Available at https://www.indiastat.com/data/agriculture/sunflower/ data-year/2022 (Accessed on 4 March 2024).
17. Indiastat 2023. Season wise Area, Production and Yield of Sunflower in India (1970-1971 to 2023-2024-3rd Advance Estimates). Available at https://www.indiastat.com/data/agriculture/ sunflower/data-year/2023 (Accessed on 25 July 2024).
18. Khaliq A and Cheema Z A 2005. Influence of irrigation and nitrogen management on some agronomic traits and yield of hybrid sunflower. International Journal of Agricultural Botany, 7(6): 915-919.
19. Krishnamurthy R N, Jayadeva H M, Venkatesha M M and Ravi Kumar H S 2011. Seed yield and nutrients uptake of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) as influenced by different levels of nutrients under irrigated condition of eastern dry zone of Karnataka, India. Plant Archives, 11(2): 1061-1066.
20. Kundu C K, Devi N M, Nayak L, Banerjee H, Das S, Nandi T and Jha S 2023. Nutritional effect of zinc and boron on growth, yield and oil content of hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Environment Conservation Journal, 24(3):260-267. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36953/ECJ.17352542
21. Liu X, He P, Jin J, Zhou W, Sulewski G and Phillips S 2011. Yield gaps, indigenous nutrient supply, and nutrient use efficiency of wheat in China. Agronomy Journal, 103(5): 1452-1463. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0476
22. Mahapatra A, Mohanty L, Ramesh K and Bhol R 2023. Response of sunflower-weed ecosystem to herbicide oxadiagryl and integrated weed management options. Journal of Oilseeds Research, 40(4): 203-206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56739/3mwnth72
23. Mozumder M, Banerjee H, RayK and Paul T 2014. Evaluation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars for productivity, N requirement and eco-friendly indices under different nitrogen levels. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 59(2):327-335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v59i2.4560
24. Rana L, Banerjee H, Dutta S K, Ray K, Majumdar K and Sarkar S 2017. Evaluation of role of management practices of macronutrients for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) for smallholder farming system at alluvial soil (Entisols) of India. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 63(14):1963-1976. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2017.1317922
25. Ray K, Banerjee H, Bhattacharyya K, Dutta S, Phonglosa A, Pari A and Sarkar S 2018. Site-specific nutrient management for maize hybrids in an Inceptisol of West Bengal, India. Experimental Agriculture, 54(6): 874-887. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S001447971700045X
26. Rondanini D P, Savin R and Hall A J 2007. Estimation of physiological maturity in sunflower as a function of fruit water concentration. European Journal of Agronomy, 26: 295-309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2006.11.001
27. Yadav R P, Tripathi M L and Trivedi S K 2009. Effect of irrigation and nutrient levels on productivity and profitability of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Indian Journal of Agronomy, 54(3): 332-335. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59797/ija.v54i3.4799
28. Zubillaga M M, Aristi J P and Lavado R S 2002. Effect of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilization on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) nitrogen uptake and yield. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 188(4): 267-274. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037X.2002.00570.x
