Proper sowing method and nitrogen level improve above ground biomass, yield and nitrogen use efficiency of spring sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in coastal soil
EFFECT OF SOWING METHODS AND N LEVELS ON SPRING SUNFLOWER IN COASTAL SOIL
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Authors
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KOUSHIK SINHA MAHAPATRA
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741 252, West Bengal
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HIRAK BANERJEE
RegionalResearchStation (CSZ), BCKV, Akshaynagar, Kakdwip, South 24 Parganas-743347, West Bengal
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ABHISEK BANIK
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741 252, West Bengal
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ADITI PAHARI
Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia-741 252, West Bengal
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SUKANTA PAL
Regional Research Sub-Station (NAZ), BCKV, Uttar Panchpota, Chakdaha, Nadia-741222, West Bengal
Keywords:
Coastal soil, Economics, Nitrogen use efficiency, Sowing method, Sunflower, YieldAbstract
A field trial was conducted at Regional Research Station (CSZ), BCKV, Akshaynagar, Kakdwip, West Bengal on sunflower during spring season of 2022 and 2023 in strip-plot design with two sowing methods (furrow and pit sowing) in the vertical strips and six N levels (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 kg/ha) in the horizontal strips. Results revealed significant impact of sowing method and N level on seed yield of sunflower crop. Furrow sowing with 200 kg N/ha produced the highest seed (2.6 t/ha) and stover yield (8.4 t/ha), accounting 337% and 113% more than control plots (without N). The agronomic efficiency (AEN) varied from 7.6 to 14.1 kg/kg N for furrow-sown crop and 2.3 to 15.0 kg/kg N for pit-sown crop. In both sowing methods, mean AEN was higher with 120 kg N/ha and decreased with further increase in N levels up to 200 kg/ha. The average internal efficiency (IEN), exhibited a similar trend to that of AEN. At the end of second year of cropping, the maximum N-gain (108.2 kg/ha) was recorded in furrow-sown crop that received 200 kg N/ha. In case of furrow sowing, the gross return (`120000/ha) the net return (`60509/ha) and benefit: cost ratio (2.02) reached the peak at 200 kg N/ha. In conclusion, the practice of furrow sowing (at shallow depth) along with 200 kg N supply per ha stands out as the most preferable and effective agronomic management for spring sunflower in coastal soil.
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