Seed Deterioration: An Overview
539 / 143
Authors
-
VIDYA CJ
University of Agricultural Sciences (GKVK), Bengaluru, Karnataka-560065, India
Author
-
N NETHRA
University of Agricultural Sciences (GKVK), Bengaluru, Karnataka-560065, India
Author
Keywords:
Deterioration, Germination, degradation of DNA, Molecular mechanism, Lipid peroxidation, Spectroscopy, Digital imagingAbstract
Seed deterioration represents an undesirable facet of seed life, characterized by degenerative changes over time that heighten a seed’s susceptibility to external stressors while diminishing its capacity to endure external and internal stresses. This phenomenon is distinct from seed expansion and germination, manifested during field weathering, harvesting, and storage. The intricacies of seed physiology and diverse conditions during the lifespan of the seed contribute to this deterioration. Investigations into seed deterioration reveal profound consequences on various physiological aspects within a normally functioning cell. Lipid peroxidation, membrane disruption, encompassing the degradation of DNA and RNA, impairment of transcription and translation processes, increased permeability of the cellular membranes, alterations in carbohydrate reserves, and antioxidant shifts contribute to the overall seed deterioration. Predominant evidences implicate free radical peroxidative assaults on membrane lipids as the instigator of many of these deteriorative events. Evaluation of seed deterioration conventionally relies on vigor and viability tests, such as germination, electrical conductivity (EC), performance tests, and ethanol assays. Modern technologies offer precise, or non-destructive and expeditious alternatives for assessing seed deterioration and quality. These include advanced spectroscopic techniques like FT-NIR and Raman spectroscopy, digital imaging, soft X-Ray imaging, and molecular marker-based tests.
Downloads
References
JYOTI AND MALIK CP (2013). Seed deterioration: A review.
International Journal of Life Science Botany and Pharmacy
Research, 2: 374-385.
KAPOOR N, ARYA A, SIDDIQUI MA, AMIR A AND KUMAR H
(2010). Seed deterioration in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
under accelerated ageing. Asian Journal of Plant Science, 9:
-162.
KAPOOR N, ARYA A, SIDDIQUI MA, KUMAR H AND AMIR A
(2011). Physiology and biochemical changes during seed
deterioration in aged seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L.). America
Journal of Plant Physiology, 6: 28-35.
BIABANI A, BOGGS LC, KATOZI M AND SABOURI H (2011).
Effects of seed deterioration and inoculation with
Mesorhizobium cicerion on yield and plant performance of
chickpea. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 5: 66-70.
MAHAKHAM W, SARMAH AK, MAENSIRI S AND
THEERAKULPISUT P (2017). Nanopriming technology for
enhancing germination and starch metabolism of aged rice
seeds using phytosynthesized silver nanoparticles. Scientific
Reports, 7(1): 1-21.
KHAN FA, NARAYAN S, BHAT SA, AND MAQBOOL R (2016).
Vermipriming - a noble technology for seed invigouration in
rice (Oryza sativa L.). SKUAST Journal of Research, 18: 124-
KIBINZA S, VINEL D, COME D, BAILLY C AND CORBINEAU
F (2006). Sunflower seed deterioration as related to moisture
content during ageing, energy metabolism and active oxygen
species scavenging. Physiologia Plantarum, 128: 496-506.
KHATUN A, KABIR G AND BHUIYAN AH (2009). Effect of
harvesting stages on the seed quality of lentil (Lens culinaris
L.) during storage. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural
Research, 34: 565-576.
SHELAR VR (2008). Role of mechanical damage in
deterioration of soybean seed quality during storage- A review.
Agricultural Review, 29: 177-184.
HARRINGTON JF (1972). Seed storage and longevity. In:
Seed Biology (Eds) T. T. Kozlowski. Academic Press, New
York. ISTA (1993). International rules for seed testing. Seed
Science Technology, 21: 1-288.
VERMA P, KAUR H, PETLA BP, RAO V, SAXENA SC AND
MAJEE M (2013). Protein L-isoaspartyl methyl transferase2
is differentially expressed in chickpea and enhances seed vigor
and longevity by reducing abnormal isoaspartyl accumulation
predominantly in seed nuclear proteins. Plant Physiolog, 161:
-1157.
BALESEVIC-TUBIC S, TATIC M, MILADINOVIC J AND
PUCAREVIC M (2007). Changes of fatty acids content and
vigor of sunflower seed during natural ageing. Helia, 30: 61-
BALESEVIC-TUBIC S, MALENEIAE D, TATIC M AND
MILADINOVIC J (2004). Influence of ageing process on
biochemical changes in sunflower seed. Helia, 28: 107-114.
POLLOCK BM AND ROOS EE (1972). Seed and seedling
vigor. In: Koslowski T. T. Seed biology. Academic Press, New
York, NY, USA, pp 314-388.
FILHO JM (2015). Seed vigor testing: an overview of the past,
present and future perspective. Scientia Agricola (Piracicaba
Brazil), 72: 363-374.
ABREU LA, DE CARVALHO MLM, PINTO CAG AND
KATAOKA VY (2011). Electrical conductivity test to evaluate
quality of sunflower seeds stored at different temperatures.
Revista Brasileira de Sementes, 33: 637-644.
DE-CARVALHO LF, SEDIYAMA CS, REIS M S, DIAS DC AND
MOREIRA MA (2009). Influence of soaking temperature of
soybean seeds in the electric conductivity test to evaluate
physiological quality. Revista Brasileira Sementes, 31: 9-17.
CASEIRO R F AND MARCOS-FILHO J (2000). Alternative
methods of the cold test for evaluation of corn seed vigor.
Cientia Agricola, 57: 459-466.
TEKRONY DM (2003). Precision is an essential component
in seed vigor testing. Seed Science and Technology, 31: 435-
FIALA F (1981). Cold test. In: Handbook of Vigour Test
Methods (Eds) Perry D. A. ISTA, Zurich, Switzerland, pp 28-36.
LOEFFLER NL, MEIER JL AND BURRIS JS (1985).
Comparison of two cold test procedures for use in maize-drying
studies. Seed Science and Technology, 13: 653-658.
BEWLEY JD, BLACK M (1985). Seeds: physiology of
development and germination. New York: Plenum Press, pp
TEKRONY DM (2005). Accelerated ageing tests: principles
and procedures. Seed Technology, 27: 135-146.
AOSA (1983). Seed vigor testing handbook. Association of
Official Seed Analysts, Ithaca, NY, USA.
HAMPTON JG, JOHNSTONE KA AND EUA-UMPON V (1992).
Bulk conductivity test variables for mungbean, soybean and
frenchbean seed lots. Seed Science and Technology, 20: 677-
POWELL AA AND MATTHEWS S (2005). Towards the
validation of the controlled deterioration vigour test for small
seeded vegetables. Seed Testing International. ISTA News
Bulletin, 129: 21-24.
RODO AB AND FILHO JM (2003). Accelerated aging and
controlled deterioration for the determination of the
physiological potential of onion seeds. Scientia Agricola
(Piracicaba Brazil), 60: 465-469.
KAVAK S, ILBI H, ESER B AND DUMAN I (2007). Controlled
deterioration test as vigor assessment in pepper seed lots: 1.
Determination of appropriate seed moisture content. Acta
Horticulturae, 729: 145-149.
MAVI K AND DEMIR I (2007). Controlled deterioration and
accelerated aging tests predict relative seedling emergence
potential of melon seed lots. Hort Science, 42: 1431-1435.
MATTHEWS S (1993). Ageing tests as a basis for the
evaluation of seed quality. Acta Horticulturae, 362: 251-262.
BONIECKA J, KAROLINA KOTOWICZ, EDYTA SKRZYPEK,
KINGA DZI- URKA, MONIKA REWERS, IEOMA
JEDRZEJCZYK AND JULIA BERDYCHOW-SKA (2019).
Potential biochemical, genetic and molecular markers of
deterioration ad- vancement in seed of oilseed rape (Brassica
napus L.). Sci. Direct, 130: 478-490.
MIN CW, SEO HYUN LEE, CHEON YE, HAN WY, KANG HW,
KIM YC, GANESH KUMAR AGARWAL, RANDEEP RAKWAL,
RAVI GUPTA AND KIM ST (2016). In depth proteomic analysis
of Glycine max seeds during controlled deteri- oration
treatment reveals a shift in seed metabolism. J. Proteomics,
(169): 125-135.
ZHAO L, SHENG WANG, YONG-BI FU AND HONG WANG
(2020). Arabidopsis seed stored mRNAs are degraded
constantly over aging time, as revealed by new quantification
methods. Front. Plant. Sci., 10(1764): 1-15.
AMBROSE, SANTOSH LOHUMI, WAND-HEE LEE AND
BYOUNG KWAN CHO (2015). Comparative nondestructive
measurement of corn seed viability using Fourier transform
near-infrared (FT-NIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Sci. Direct,
: 500- 506.
