Black Point and Black Discolouration Diseases of Wheat in India During 1995-96 to 2002-2003


34 / 1

Authors

  • A.K. SHARMA Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • M.S. SAHARAN Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • J. KUMAR Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • K.S. BABU Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • A.K. SINGH Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • MANOJ KUMAR Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • S.P. SINGH Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • KAMLESH KUMAR Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • SUNIL KUMAR Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • S.K. MANN Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • S.K. MANN Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • S.S. KARWASARA Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • M.S. BENIWAL Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • P.S. SHEKHAWAT Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • R.N. SINGH Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • A.K. SINGH Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • V.S. RAO Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author
  • V.A. SOLANKI Directorate of Wheat Research, Karnal, Haryana 132 001, 'PAU, Ludhiana, HAU, Hisar, RAU, Durgapura, *NDUA&T, Faizabad, AR1, Pune, "GAU, Vijapur Author

https://doi.org/10.56093/sr.v34i2.166126

Keywords:

Black point, black discolouration, wheat, distribution pattern, Alternaria alternata

Abstract

Black point and black discolouration diseases of wheat are gradually becoming important as they affect the trade. Both these grain maladies are many times, confused with Karnal bunt disease (Tilletia indica Mitra) which has great quarantine implications. Wheat grain samples were analyzed for black point for eight years (1995-96 to 2002-03) and for black discolouration for six years (1996-97 to 1997-98 & 1999-2000 to 2002-03) from different wheat growing states of India. The study indicated that black point and discolouration were prevalent during 1995-96 to 2002-03 in most of the states (from where samples were analyzed) but there was difference in the incidence of both diseases. During 1995-96, in Punjab and Haryana, 93.9 and 77.5 per cent samples showed the black point level of infection of 0.1-1.7 and 0.1-3.0 per cent, respectively. During 1996-97, in Haryana, Punjab and U.P. majority of the samples were in the range of 0.05-2.4 per cent disease level. Incidence of black point in India during 1997-98 was very high (85.9% infected samples) whereas, during 1999-00, 74.2 per cent samples/were found infected. During 2000-01 and 2001-02, Punjab had maximum infection of 90.5 per cent and 91.4 per cent, respectively, whereas, in 2002-03, the highest number of infected samples were from central and eastern U.P. (83.0%). Black point incidence was the highest during 1997-98, followed by 2001-02 as compared to other years. Black discolouration incidence was observed from 0.05 to 1.0 per cent at most of the places in North West Plain Zone (NWPZ) during 1996-97. Black discolouration samples ranged 41.5 per cent to 77.4 per cent during 1997-98 and during 1999-00, the range was between 39.7 to 81.7 per cent in different states. Black discolouration incidence was the highest in Punjab in 1999-00 to 2002-03. In general, these grain infections were higher in the NWPZ as compared to the central and peninsular zones. However, in certain years, some exceptions were noted.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

1. WIESE, M.V. (1987). Compendium of Wheat Diseases. 2nd (ed). Am. Phytopath. Soc., St. Paul, MN, pp. 112.

2. BOLLEY, H.L. (1913). Wheat: Soil Troubles and Deterioration. North Dakota Experimental Station Bulletin, pp. 107. Agriculture

3. DASTUR, F.J. (1932). Foot rot and black point disease of wheat in central provinces. Agriculture Livestock in India, 275-282.

4. GALLOWAY, L.D. (1936). India: New plant diseases recorded in 1935. Int. Bull. Plant Prot., 10: 121-122.

5. DHARAMVIR, K.L. ADLAKHA, L.M. JOSHI & K.D. PATHAK (1968). Preliminary note on the occurrence of black point disease of wheat in India. Indian Phytopath., 21: 234-235.

6. SHARMA, A.K., J. KUMAR, M. KUMAR & S. NAGARAJAN (1997). Black point and seed discolouration in wheat and their identification from Karnal bunt. Indian Wheat Newsletter, 3: 7-9.

7. AGGARWAL, P.C., K. ANITHA, U. DEV, B. SINGH & R. NATH (1993). Alternaria alternata, real cause of black point and differentiating symptoms of two other pathogens associated with wheat (Triticum aestivum) seeds. Indian J. Agric. Sci., 63: 451-453.

8. ADALAKHA, K.L. & L.M. JOSHI (1974). Black point of wheat. Indian Phytopath., 27: 41-44.

9. GAUR, A. (1986). Black point of wheat. In: L.M. Joshi, D.V. Singh, K.D. Srivastava (eds). Problems and Progress of Wheat Pathology in South Asia. Malhotra Publishing House, New Delhi, pp. 230-241.

10. AGARWAL, K., J. SHARMA, T. SINGH & D. SINGH (1987). Black point disease of wheat in Rajasthan: Causal fungi and their pathogenicity. Annals Biol., 3: 7-16.

11. RANA, J.P. & P.K.S. GUPTA (1982). Occurance of black point disease of wheat in W. Bengal. Indian Phytopath., 35: 700-702.

12. RANDHAWA, H.S. & H.L. SHARMA (1985). Detection and distribution of Cochliobolus sativus on wheat seed in the Punjab state. Indian Phytopath., 38: 341-343.

13. SHARMA, A.K., J. KUMAR, M. KUMAR, S.P. SINGH, V.S.P. RAO & S. NAGARAJAN (1996). Wheat crop health during 1995-96 crop season-position regarding black point at the national level presented at National Symposium and Annual Conference of Indian Phytopathological Society (North Zone), Shimla, Nov. 15-16, 1996, 85: (Abstr).

14. ΑΝΟΝΥMOUS (2004). Seed Health Testing, In: International Rules for Seed Testing. Chapter 7: 7.1-7.5.

15. CONNER, R.L., J.M. CAREFOOT, J.B. BOLE & G.C. KOZUB (1992). The effect of nitrogen fertilizer and irrigation on black point incidence in soft white spring wheat. Plant and Soil., 140: 41-47.

16. FERNANDEZ, M.R., R.M. CLARKE, R.M. DEPAUW, R.B. IRVINE & R.E. KNOX (1994). Black point and red smudge in irrigated durum wheat in southern Saskatchewan in 1990-1992. Canad. J. Plant Pathol., 16: 221-227.

17. JOSHI, L.M., DHARMVIR & K.L. ADLAKHA (1969). Black point disease of wheat. Proc. Indian Sci. Cong., 56th Session, p. 12.

18. KHETARPAL, R.K., V.K. AGARWAL & K.P.S. CHAUHAN (1980). Studies on the influence of weather conditions on the incidence of black point and Karnal bunt of triticale. Seed Res., 8: 108-110.

19. REES, R.G., D.J. MARTIN & D.P. LAW (1984). Black point in bread wheat: Effects on quality and germination and fungal associations. Aust. J. Expt. Agri. & Husband., 24: 601-605.

Downloads

Submitted

2025-03-19

Published

2025-03-20

Issue

Vol. 34 No. 2 (2006): Seed Research

Section

Articles

How to Cite

A.K. SHARMA, M.S. SAHARAN, J. KUMAR, K.S. BABU, A.K. SINGH, MANOJ KUMAR, S.P. SINGH, KAMLESH KUMAR, SUNIL KUMAR, S.K. MANN, S.K. MANN, S.S. KARWASARA, M.S. BENIWAL, P.S. SHEKHAWAT, R.N. SINGH, A.K. SINGH, V.S. RAO, & V.A. SOLANKI. (2025). Black Point and Black Discolouration Diseases of Wheat in India During 1995-96 to 2002-2003. Seed Research, 34(2), 156-161. https://doi.org/10.56093/sr.v34i2.166126