The Journal of Research ANGRAU is the University Publication (quarterly) of Acharya N G Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU) and has been published since 1973. This journal is celebrating its 54th volume in the year 2026 and has started only online issue since 2022. The Journal is a double-blind peer-reviewed journal that seeks to encourage research in agriculture, horticulture, agricultural engineering, community science/home science and social sciences (agricultural extension and agricultural economics). The JOR ANGRAU provides a platform to publish original research work in all agricultural and allied sciences. JOR ANGRAU supports research articles which explore innovative experimental approaches and empirical studies. The Journal recognizes works across the above disciplines and therefore especially values meta-disciplinary analyses that will provide a foundation for communication across these academic fields and disciplines. The journal has a NAAS rating of 4.27 (2024) and is a UGC-CARE-approved journal. The Journal is Indexed by CAB International (CABI), AGRIS (FAO) and Indian Citation Index (ICI). Journal has a presence in Google Scholar. The Journal publishes quality research papers in Agriculture and allied sciences after meticulous double-blind peer review process. EDITORIAL BOARD
Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Guntur
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DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SWEETMEAT FROM IMMATURE COCONUT INFLORESCENCE
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
SUSTAINABLE HORTICULTURE UNDER MISSION FOR INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT OF HORTICULTURE IN HIMACHAL PRADESH
TRAINING NEED ASSESSMENT OF EXTENSION FUNCTIONARIES WORKING AT RYTHU SEVA KENDRAS (RSKS) IN SRIKAKULAM DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
PERCEIVED EFFECTIVENESS OF FARMER PRODUCER ORGANISATIONS (FPOS) IN SOCIO-ECONOMIC UPLIFTMENT OF MEMBER FARMERS IN MAHARASHTRA
This paper aims to study the effectiveness of Farmer Producer Organisations(FPOs) in the socio-economic upliftment of member farmers in Maharashtra as perceived by them. FPOs from three districts of Maharashtra were selected. All member farmers from 30 FPOs were selected as the population for the study. From each FPO, 10 farmer members were selected. A list of member farmers was obtained from each FPO based on their convenience, availability, and willingness to respond. Primary data was collected through a pre-structured and pre-tested questionnaire. Mean, percentage, one-sample t-test, were used for the analysis of collected data. Results of the study revealed that farmer members were aware of the business plan of FPOs (5.00), followed by awareness regarding the working of FPOs (3.72). Member farmers join FPO to get a better price for produce (5.00), enhance their income (5.00), and save on input cost (4.35). FPOs have enhanced their income by better realization for their produce (4.62), followed by FPO facilitating the availability of extension services (4.53). Member farmers were satisfied with FPOs business operations such as transparency in business operations (4.45) and enhancement in income on account of joining FPOs (4.41). The major reason to join the FPO was to increase the income, avoids involvement of middlemen and save input cost for the farmer members.
Awareness, Belongingness, Benefits, FPO, Satisfaction
FACTORS INFLUENCING CONSUMERS SHIFT TOWARDS COLD PRESSED OILS IN GUNTUR, ANDHRA PRADESH
The study examined the consumer perceptions and factors influencing the consumers to shift from refined oils to cold pressed oils in Guntur and Tenali towns. A total of 120 respondents were interviewed using a structured and pre-tested schedule to ensure accuracy and engagement. The high KMO value and significant Bartlett is a strong justification for factor analysis. All participants were fully aware of cold-pressed oils but only 20.83 per cent currently used them. Health consciousness (70%), taste (41.67%) and traditional processing (35%) emerged as key reasons for preference. Using principal component analysis, nine influencing components were extracted, including brand trust, health awareness, social influence and product accessibility, accounting for over 67 per cent of the total variance. The findings aim to reduce the awareness and adoption gap by generating region-specific insights.
Cold-pressed oils, Consumer behaviour, Edible oil preferences, Factor analysis, Health awareness
DIURNAL TEMPERATURE RANGE VARIABILITY OVER KARNATAKA, INDIA: SPECTRAL EVIDENCE OF INTERANNUAL AND DECADAL CLIMATE MODES (1958–2024)
Diurnal temperature range (DTR), defined as the difference between daily maximum and minimum temperatures, is an important indicator of climatic variability and land–atmosphere interactions. This study examines the temporal variability of DTR over Karnataka, India, using monthly temperature data for 1958–2024. Monthly DTR anomalies were analysed using Welch and Lomb–Scargle spectral techniques with statistical significance assessed against an AR(1) red-noise background. The results reveal variability across multiple timescales, including interannual (H=2–5 years), sub-decadal (H=8–9 years), and a statistically significant decadal cycle near 16–17 years. Additional low-frequency variability around 30 years indicates gradual climatic modulation of DTR. These findings highlight the presence of multi-timescale climate variability influencing diurnal temperature behaviour in southern India, with potential implications for agricultural planning and climate adaptation.
Climate Variability, Diurnal temperature range, ENSO, Karnataka, Spectral analysis.
CONSUMER PREFERENCES AND PERCEPTION TOWARDS READY-TO-EAT FOODS AMONG URBAN CONSUMERS IN BERHAMPUR CITY, ODISHA
Rapid urbanization and evolving lifestyles have significantly increased the consumption of Ready-to-Eat (RTE) food products in developing cities. This cross-sectional study examines the availability, popularity, nutritional perceptions and consumer preferences regarding RTE foods in Berhampur City, Odisha. A structured questionnaire was administered to 100 respondents selected through random sampling from urban and semi-urban areas. Results revealed that 55% of consumers occasionally consume RTE foods, primarily driven by convenience (50%) and taste (45-50%). While 45% of respondents perceived RTE food availability as neutral to adequate, 35% considered these products popular in the local market. Notably, 36% of consumers preferred healthy/organic RTE options, indicating rising health consciousness. However, 46% expressed skepticism about the balanced nutritional value of RTE foods, with 37% rating nutritional quality as poor. The study identifies convenience, taste and affordability as primary purchase drivers, while health benefits and brand reputation exert minimal influence. These findings provide valuable insights for manufacturers, retailers, and policymakers to balance convenience with nutritional quality in the growing RTE food sector.
Berhampur, Consumer preferences, Food consumption patterns, Market dynamics, Nutritional value, Ready-to-Eat foods
EXAMINING NUTRITIONAL STATUS AND EMOTIONAL WELL BEING IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS THROUGH DIET QUALITY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS
Adolescence is a critical developmental stage marked by heightened nutritional demands and emotional sensitivity, particularly among girls. The present study was conducted in the year 2024 with an objective to assess the diet quality and emotional functioning of 100 adolescent girls aged 11–18 years in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh- using the Diet Quality Index– International (DQI-I) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale–Youth Version (DASS-Y). Dietary Information was gathered via 24-hour recall and evaluated using Indian Food Composition Table IFCT (2017), with DQI-I scoring based on ICMR–NIN (2020) guidelines. Emotional functioning was evaluated using DASS-Y, categorizing severity across depression, anxiety and stress. Data on DQI-I scoring showed that 15 percent of the girls had excellent diet quality, 85 percent were under the “Good but Needs Improvement” category (>60–80) and none had poor diet quality (<60). Results of DASS-Y showed high emotional distress 86percent had moderate to extremely severe anxiety, 79 percent had moderate to severe stress, and 72 percent showed depressive symptoms. Older adolescents (15–18 years) exhibited significantly higher levels of stress and anxiety compared to younger ones, as confirmed by t-tests and chi-square analyses. A strong negative correlation (r = -0.6798, p < 0.001) was observed between DQI-I and DASS-Y scores, with 46.21 percent of the emotional variation explained by diet quality. These findings underscore the critical role of nutrition in mental health and highlight the need for integrated dietary and psychological interventions to promote holistic well-being among adolescent girls.
Adolescent girls, Anxiety, Depression, DASS-Y, Emotional functioning, Mental health, Nutritional status, Diet Quality Index–International (DQI-I), Stress
CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF CONVENIENCE FOODS AMONG CONSUMERS IN KANNUR DISTRICT, KERALA
The consumption of convenience foods has been steadily increasing in recent years, making it important to understand the factors driving this trend. The present study examines the socioeconomic factors influencing convenience food consumption patterns among consumers in Kannur district, Kerala, India. A total of 175 respondents, aged 18 to 75 years, including both males and females, representing various socio-economic strata, participated in the survey. The results of the study reveal that convenience food consumption was predominantly higher among individuals of the younger age group (35%), those residing in rural areas (33%) and people with higher educational qualifications (24%). Expenditure on convenience foods constitute less than 10% of their monthly income. The study also identifies social media advertisements and recommendations from relatives and friends as significant factors influencing the purchase of convenience foods. The frequent purchase of items such as biscuits and bread was a more common consumable among the subjects. This study revealed an increase in the consumption of ready-to-eat and ready-to-cook products in rural areas compared to other regions.
Consumption pattern, Convenience food, Geographical areas, Monthly expenditure, Socio-Economic factors
EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION AND ITS EFFECT ON HEALTH MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN ADULTS WITH DIABETES
The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an educational intervention on dietary practices, lifestyle behaviors and glycemic control among diabetic patients. A structured educational programme supported by a computer-based software package was implemented among 33 diabetic patients in the experimental group, while 35 patients served as controls. The intervention emphasized dietary modification, physical activity, medical monitoring and risk factor awareness. Results indicated that 12 out of 15 recommended dietary practices were significantly adopted by the experimental group following intervention. Post-intervention, there was a marked increase in the intake of green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, and fruits, along with a reduction in the consumption of cereals, fats and fleshy foods. Significant improvements were also observed in health management behaviors, including daily exercise, periodic blood glucose monitoring, and regular physician visits (P<0.01). Glycemic control improved substantially, as evidenced by a reduction in mean fasting plasma glucose from 172.21±47.49 mg/dl to 127.03±1.15 mg/dl and HbA1c from 9.53±1.64% to 7.50±0.99% (P<0.01). The study demonstrates that educational intervention is an effective strategy for improving dietary practices, lifestyle behaviors, and glycemic control among diabetic patients.
Educational intervention, Dietary practices, Diabetes management, Glycemic control
PARENTS’ PERCEPTION OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION AND THEIR ROLE IN CHILDREN’S EARLY LEARNING
The present study was carried out in 2023 and adopted a quantitative research design to assess parents perception on preschool education and their involvement in children’s early learning. The area selected for the study was Ernakulam district of Kerala and the sample was 400 parents of 3 to 6-year-old children attending either preschool or Anganwadi that were selected through stratified random sampling. The findings showed that parents highly value preschool education and desire meaningful involvement, yet remain doubtful about giving early academic instruction. 80% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that preschool is crucial. Strengthening parent–teacher partnerships, providing parental training on developmentally appropriate practices, and fostering opportunities for parents’ participation may help bridge this gap.
Early literacy, Parents’ perception, Parental involvement, Parent teacher partnership,Preschool education
GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES FOR YIELD AND ITS ATTRIBUTES, QUALITY AND NUTRITIONAL TRAITS IN MEDIUM DURATION RICE GENOTYPES (Oryza sativa L.)
The experiment was conducted during kharif, 2024 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru. Sixty-four genotypes of medium duration rice (Oryza sativa L.) were evaluated for genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance as per cent of mean for 15 quantitative traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences for all the characters under study. High genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) 21.000% and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) 20.642% were observed for the character viz.,grains per panicle. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent mean was observed for grains per panicle, no of grains per cm panicle, grain density, test weight, grain yield per plant and high protein content indicating the effectiveness of simple selection in improvement of these traits.
GCV, Genetic variability, Genetic advance, Heritability, PCV and Rice
EFFECT OF VARIETIES AND SOWING WINDOWS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF FODDER OAT
A field experiment was conducted during rabi, 2024-25 on sandy clay loam soils of dryland farm, S.V. Agricultural College, Tirupati, with the objective to find out optimum time of sowing and yield parameters of fodder oat in Southern Agro-Climatic Zone of Andhra Pradesh. The experiment was laid in the randomized block design with factorial concept and replicated thrice.Treatments include three varieties viz., V1: RO-11-1, V2: OS-403 and V3: OS-6 with five sowing windows viz., S1: October I FN, S2: October II FN, S3: November I FN, S4: November II FN and S5: December I FN.The results showed that the significantly higher green (18104 kg ha-1) and dry fodder yield (4735 kg ha-1) and N, P and K uptake by the crop at harvest (142 kg ha-1, 21.6 kg ha-1 and 138 kg ha-1 respectively) were obtained with RO-11-1 sown during November II FN. The available N, P2O5 and K2O in the soil (208 kg ha-1, 53.6 kg ha-1 and 223 kg ha-1 respectively) at harvest recorded higher with OS-403 sown during October I FN compared to all other treatments.
Fodder oat, Nutrient uptake, Productivity, Sandy loam soils, Sowing windows
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC PARAMETERS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.) FOR YIELD AND ASSOCIATED TRAITS
The present study was undertaken during the rabi season of 2024–25 at the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, to evaluate the extent of genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines. A total of 50 inbred lines comprising 48 test entries along with two standard checks (LM 13 and LM 14) are assessed using alpha lattice design with two replications. Data was recorded on thirteen quantitative traits encompassing phenological, morphological and yield-related parameters. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits studied indicating the presence of considerable genetic variability. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) exceeded the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all traits, reflecting the influence of environmental factors on trait expression. High estimates of GCV and PCV were observed for ear height, 100-kernel weight and grain yield per plant suggesting the existence of substantial variability within the genetic material. Moderate variability was recorded for plant height, ear length and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading, whereas relatively low variability was observed for days to 50% anthesis, days to 50% silking and days to maturity. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as per cent of mean was recorded for plant height, ear height, number of kernels per row, 100-kernel weight and grain yield per plant indicating the predominance of additive gene effects and the potential effectiveness of direct selection for these traits. Moderate heritability with moderate genetic advance was observed for ear length, ear girth, number of kernel rows per ear and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading, suggesting the involvement of both additive and nonadditive gene actions.
Maize, Genetic variability, GCV, PCV, Heritability, Genetic advance and iinbred lines.
ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC VARIABILITY IN RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) FOR YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL TRAITS
The present study was conducted using 144 rice genotypes including five checks (BPT 5204, BPT 2841, Chittimuthyalu, Kalanamak, DRR DHAN 45) evaluated for 12 traits at Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla during kharif, 2024-25 using augmented block design. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes for 12 traits, indicating substantial genetic variability with in the experimental material and hence can be exploited for future crop improvement programme. High genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation was observed for protein content (%), antioxidant activity (mgAAE/100g), Fe content (ppm), Zn content (ppm) and grain yield per plant (g), while plant height (cm), number of tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per hill and test weight (g) showed moderate GCV and PCV values. The PCV estimates were higher than GCV for all the characters indicating that substantial variation for these characters was contributed by environmental components. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was recorded for plant height (cm), number of tillers per plant, number of productive tillers per hill, test weight (g), protein content (%), antioxidant activity (mgAAE/100g), Fe content (ppm), Zn content (ppm) and grain yield per plant (g) indicating that these traits are largely governed by additive gene action and hence direct selection of these traits for improvement of dependent variable (yield) may be rewarding.
GCV, Genetic Advance, Heritability, PCV and Rice
POTENTIAL OF PIPER CHABA FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THE STORED-PRODUCT PEST (CALLOSOBRUCHUS CHINENSIS)
The present study investigated the insect-repellent potential of Piper chaba (Piperaceae) stem in multiple formulations-dry powder, fume and water extract-against the pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), a major pest of stored grains. With the increasing concern over pesticide resistance, toxicity to non-target organisms and residue hazards associated with synthetic insecticides, this research emphasises plant-based alternatives for sustainable pest management. Bioassays were conducted in I-tube (wind tunnel) to evaluate repellency using various concentrations of each formulation, and the results were statistically analysed using chi-square tests and regression analysis. The dry powder of P. chabastem showed a clear dose-dependent repellent response, with 1.75 g dry powder yielding 96.66% repellency ( ² = 29.36, p < 0.001). Similarly, the fume exhibited full repellency at higher release rates (2–4 ml/min) compared to 60% at 0.5 ml/min ( ² = 88.71, p < 0.001). Water extracts followed the same trend, with 100% extract achieving complete repellency and diluted forms showing reduced effectiveness ( ² = 66.25, p < 0.001). Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and phenols compounds previously associated with insecticidal activity. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) further validated the presence of functional groups such as O–H, C–H, and C=O, indicative of bioactive molecules. The findings establish P. chaba as a potent natural repellent with formulation-specific and concentration-dependent efficacy. Notably, the fume exhibits the highest repellency and richest phytochemical profile. This highlights P. chaba’s promise in eco-friendly pest control strategies, although further research is needed to assess toxicity on non-target species, residue safety, and field-level applicability.
Callosobruchus chinensis, I-tube, Piper chaba, Piperine, Repellency, Stored grain pest, Sustainable pest management
MITIGATION PRACTICES FOR GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
Animal husbandry significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with livestock accounting for an estimated 7 to 18 percent of global anthropogenic emissions. Mitigation strategies targeting enteric methane (CH4) and management of manure are critical for lowering the environmental effect of animal production. This paper reviews current mitigation practices, including dietary strategies, feed supplements, manure management techniques, and climate smart livestock management. Emphasizing the complex interactions between these practices, this review highlights the contribution of improving Animal performance and well-being as key strategies for GHG emission reduction. It also explores the capability for synergistic approaches to limit the emissions across multiple components of the animal production system
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DIRECT SEEDED RICE: A CLIMATE-SMART AND ECONOMICALLY VIABLE SUBSTITUTE FOR PUDDLED TRANSPLANTED RICE IN GUNTUR DISTRIC
Direct seeding is becoming a key alternative transplanting in rice and has spread quickly in Andhra Pradesh, where unpredictable weather, fewer rainy days, lack of labor and higher production costs are common. This study looks at how changes in climate, such as variations in rainfall and temperature, recommend the use of Direct-seeded rice (DSR) as a farming method. DSR involves planting rice seeds directly into the field instead of growing them in water and then transplanting them. The results show that using DSR options greatly improves rice productivity and resilience, while also saving labor, water, and energy. It also helps get the next crop started 15 days earlier than the traditional puddled transplanted rice method. The study suggests that adopting DSR can help maintain food security and crop resilience even in tough weather conditions.
WEATHER-BASED REGRESSION ANALYSIS FOR PREDICTION AND VALIDATION OF GROUNDNUT LEAF MINER (APROAEREMA MODICELLA) INCIDENCE UNDER ARID ALFISOLS
A study was conducted during 2020 to 2022 under arid alfisols at the Agricultural Research Station, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh.A Regression analysis of Groundnut Leaf Miner (GLM ) moth catches with weather parameters revealed a significant positive correlation with Relative Humidity-I ( RH-I) at 5 days lag (0.55*) and 6 days lag (0.59*) and Rainfall (RF) at 8 days lag (0.51*) and negative correlation with Wind velocity (Wv) (-0.51*).The leaf damage showed significant and positive correlation with Maximum Temperature (Tmax) (0.67*), Mean Temperature (Tmean) (0.53*),Evaporation (Evp) (0.72*) at 6 days lag and negative correlation with Relative Humidity-II (RH-II)(-0.68*) and Wv(-0.5*) at 5 days lag, and RH-I (-0.5*),Rf(-0.65*) at 6 days lag. RH-II at (-0.58*) at 7 days lag and 8 days lag RH-II (-0.55*) and Sun shine hours (Ssh) ( 0.69*).No.of Live larvae/plant recorded significant positive correlation with Tmean(0.5*) and Rf(0.67*) at 9 days lag. and significant negative correlation with Rainfall (-0.5*) at 6 days lag and Wv(-0.79*) at 7 days lag and Minimum Temperature (Tmin) (-0.50*), Tmean(-0.55*) at 8 days lag and Tmax(-0.62*), Tmin(-0.65*), Tmean(-0.74*) and RH-I (-0.5*) at 9 days lag. The study showed that mean temperature was the strongest positive predictor of groundnut leafminer incidence, while higher maximum and minimum temperatures suppressed the pest. Morning humidity slightly favoured infestation, but higher afternoon humidity reduced it. These results highlight temperature and humidity as key weather drivers of leafminer outbreaks. With an R² of 0.97, the model explained most of the variation in pest incidence, though independent validation is needed to confirm its reliability.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN HORTI-MEDICINAL AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM UNDER ARID REGIONS OF ANDHRA PRADESH
A field experiment was conducted for evaluation of medicinal and aromatic plants in horti medicinal agroforestry system under semi-arid regions of Andhra Pradesh during kharif,2021 and 2022 at AICRPDA, Agricultural Research Station, Ananthapur. The treatments consist of four main plots (Trees) of size 72X 36 m viz., Simarouba, Custard apple, Jamun and Amla and three sub plots (Medicinal plants) of size 36 X 4 m viz., Aswagandha, Senna, Nannari and Velvet bean. The experiment was conducted in split plot design with three replications. During 2021, Amla trees, recorded an average fruit yield of 8.0 kg per tree and Jamun fruit yield was 8 kg per tree. During 2022, Amla trees recorded an average fruit yield of 9.3 kg per tree, jamun average fruit yield was 7.1 kg per tree and custard apple average fruit yield was 0.7 kg per tree. The present study findings showed that, in semi-arid regions of Andhra Pradesh, all of the tested medicinal plants performed better when grown as sole crops as compared to different tree-based intercropping systems. Sub plot treatments viz., medicinal plants intercropped in custard apple performed well (Mean leaf yield of Aswagandha was 1547 kg ha-1 , Aswagandha root dry weight was 87 kg ha-1 ; Senna leaf dry weight was 1674 kg ha-1 and velvet bean seed yield was 293 kg ha-1 )compared to other trees.
INFLUENCE OF ADJACENT AQUACULTURE ACTIVITIES ON SOIL PROPERTIES OF SANDY SOILS UNDER PADDY CULTIVATION IN GODAVARI DELTA.
Soil salinization of agricultural lands around aqua ponds due to seepage of water from ponds was studied in the year 2017-2020. The ponds selected were aqua ponds with sandy texture with and without any trench. Soil samples(50 no.) were collected from 0 meters (outer side of the pond or trench bund) up to 50meters distance from the pond and 10cm to 30 cm depth and analysed for pH, EC, Organic carbon, available Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Sodium and TDS etc. The results indicated that pH and electrical conductivity decreased with increase in distance from the pond upto50 m distance from the pond. Available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium increased with distance from the aquapond with shrimp upto 50 m. Seepage is more in case of a pond without any trench when compared to a pond with trench. Salinization due to seepage was observed to a long distance in case of sandy soils.
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF RICE VARIETY MCM 103 IN SALINE SOILS OF WEST GODAVARI DISTRICT THROUGH FRONTLINE DEMONSTRATIONS
The study was undertaken by Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Undi as a Front Line Demonstration (FLD) on rice MCM 103 variety in five locations during Kharif for two consecutive years during 2023 & 2024, to assess the performance of rice variety MCM 103 on yield and economics of rice. The higher yield i.e., 5273, 5062 kg/ha was noticed with MCM 103 rice variety compared to MTU 7029 (4959 and 4875 kg/ha) during both the years of assessment. Net returns and B:C ratio were higher with MCM 103 rice variety (Rs. 46414, 44446 and 45430/ha and 2.16, 2.35 and 2.25) when compared to farmers practice (Rs. 37480, 39105 and 38293 /ha and 1.8, 2.01 and 1.90) during 2023, 2024 and in pooled data, respectively.
EFFICACY OF POST-EMERGENCE HERBICIDES ON WEED CONTROL, PRODUCTIVITY AND ECONOMICS OF SUGARCANE
A field experiment in sugarcane weed control was conducted from 2020-21 to 2022-23 in randomized block design with three replications in alluvial soils of Krishna – Godavari delta of Andhra Pradesh. Results revealed that, comparatively higher weed control efficiency was recorded with post-emergence application of tembotrione @ 125 g/ha + halosulfuran methyl @ 125 g/ha fb IC at 60 and 90 DAP. Significantly more cane yield was recorded with application of topramezone @ 40 g/ha + halosulfuron methyl @ 125 g/ha fb IC at 60 and 90 DAP (115.9 t/ha) which was however statistically at par with rest of the herbicide treatments. The quality parameters like sucrose %, CCS and purity % were not affected by the herbicide treatments. With regard to economics, higher gross returns (Rs. 3,43,296), net returns (Rs. 45,130/-) and B:C ratio (1.15) was recorded with topramezone @ 40 g/ha + halosulfuron methyl @ 125 g/ha fb IC at 60 and 90 DAP
EFFECT OF NANO FERTILIZER ON GROWTH, YIELD, NITROGEN UPTAKE AND ECONOMICS OF RICE IN ALLUVIAL SOILS OF GODAVARI ZONE OF ANDHRA PRADESH
A field trial was conducted during the Kharif and Rabi seasons of 2023–24 to evaluate the efficacy of nano urea (NU) and super nano urea (SNU) on the growth, yield, nutrient uptake, and economics of rice. The experiment consisted of 11 treatments: T1–Control (0% N; 100% P & K); T2–Recommended Fertilizer Dose (RDF) representing 100% RDN (Kharif: 90-60-60 kg NPK ha-1; Rabi: 180-90-60 kg NPK ha-1); T3–50% RDN; T4- 50% RDN + two sprays of conventional urea @1.0% at active tillering (AT) and panicle initiation (PI) stages; T5- 50% RDN + two sprays of NU @0.4% at A.T & PI; T6- 50% RDN + three sprays of NU @0.4% at A.T, PI & heading; T7- 50% RDN + two sprays of SNU @0.25% at A.T & PI; T8- 50% RDN + two sprays of SNU @0.5% at A.T & PI; T9- 50% RDN + two sprays of SNU @1.0% at A.T & PI; T10- 33% RDN + three sprays of SNU @0.5% at A.T, PI & heading; and T11- 66% RDN + one spray of SNU @0.5% at heading. The resultsrevealed that the application of 50% RDN with two foliar sprays of nano urea at the active tillering and panicle initiation stages (T8 ) proved effective in enhancing rice growth, yield attributes, grain and straw yields, economic returns and nitrogen uptake. However, this treatment performed on par to the 100% RDN (T2 ) across two consecutive seasons on alluvial soils of the Godavari zone.
INFLUENCE OF ROW SPACING, SEED MATERIAL TYPE AND PLANT DENSITY ON GOWTH AND YIELD OF SUGARCANE UNDER DUAL ROW PLANTING
Field experiment was conducted to study influence of row spacing and plant density on growth and yield of sugarcane under dual row planting in plant ratoon system at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Anakapalle, during the year 2023-24. The experimental soil was sandy loam in texture. Row spacings of 150 cm, 165 cm and 180 cm were tried with sett and seedling planting under three different plant densities of 100 %, 125% and 150%. Studies on plant crop of sugarcane revealed that sugarcane yield under dual row planting of 150 cm (79.2 t ha-1) and 165 cm (77.8 t ha-1) were found to be statistically similar but significantly higher over 180 cm row spacing (71.9 t ha-1).Higher cane yield of 78.2 t ha-1 recorded with seedling planting which was found on par with sett planting (74.3 t ha-1). There is no significant difference in yield with respect to plant densities of 100 % (75.6 t ha-1) 125% (76.5 t ha-1) and 150 % (76.7 t ha-1). In ratoon crop indicated that dual row planting of 150 cm and 165 cm gave statistically on par cane yield of 67.2 t ha-1 and 64.8 t ha-1 respectively and significantly superior over cane yield at 180 cm row spacing (62.8 t ha-1). Cane yield was not influenced either due to type of planting material or plant densities in ratoon crop of sugarcane.
EFFECT OF PUDDLING PRACTICES AND CROP ESTABLISHMENT METHODS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA.L)
A research trial was conducted in clay loam soils at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Maruteru, Andhra Pradesh during rabi, 2022-23 to assess the effects of puddling and crop establishment methods on rice productivity.The study comprised two factors: puddling practice, viz., power tiller (M1 ), rotovator (M2 ,) and roto-puddler (M3 ) as main plot treatments and crop establishment method, viz..,drum seeding (E1 ),line planting (E2 ),machine planting (E3 ),diagonal planting (E4 ,) and Bengal planting (E5 ) as sub-plot treatments.The results showed that among the puddling practices, the use of a roto-puddler registered the highest growth parameters at harvest, such as number of tillers m-2 (401), crop dry matter (11053 kg ha-1), and yield attributes, that is, the number of panicles m-2 (371), total number of grains panicle-1 (259), grain (4697 kg ha-1), and straw yield (6098 kg ha-1). This was statistically at par with the use of a rotovator but significantly superior to that of a power tiller. Among crop establishment methods, growth parameters at harvest, that is, number of tillers m-2 (416), crop dry matter (11427 kg ha-1), and yield parameters, that is, the number of panicles m-2 (386), total number of grains panicle-1 (257), grain (4837 kg ha-1), and straw yield (6148 kg ha-1) were higher with the diagonal planting method; however, it was found statistically at par with Bengal planting and drum seeding but significantly superior over machine planting and line planting.
EVALUATION OF DEFOLIANTS TO FACILITATE MECHANICAL PICKING IN RAINFED COTTON
A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2024 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Nandyal to evaluate the effect of defoliants on facilitating mechanical picking in cotton.The treatments consisted of T1 :Control, T2 :Ethrel@3000ppm,T3 :Thidiazuron@500ppm, T4 :Sodiumchlorate@0.9%, T5 :CICRDefoliant, T6 :Hydrogencyanamide @5000ppm, T7 :T2 +5%ofurea, T8 :T2 +Diuron@400 ppm, T9 :T2 +Sodiumchlorate @0.9% and T10 :T3 +Diuron@400ppm. Higher percent defoliation (95.5) at 10 days after spraying was recorded with T3 (Thidiazuron @500 ppm) and was on par withT10 (93.1) followed byT9 (89.5), T5 (86.2) and lower percent defoliation (5.3) was recorded with T1 (Control). Further, higher earliness index (75%) was recorded with T10 (Thidiazuron@500ppm+Diuron @ 400ppm) and was on par T3 (72%) followed by T4 (65%);and lower earliness index(38)was recorded with T1 (Control). It can be concluded that higher defoliation was attained with application of Thidiazuron @500 ppm+ Diuron @400ppm and also higher cotton seed yield. There was considerable correlation between defoliation at 5 DAS and 10 DAS. Further, the quality parameters were not significantly effected due to defoliants application.
CROP–WEATHER INTERACTION AND CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF SUGARCANE (SACCHARUM SPP.) YIELD IN NORTH COASTAL ZONE OF ANDHRA PRADESH
Eleven sugarcane clones were evaluated in a randomized block design over two consecutive plant crop seasons (2022–23 and 2023–24) at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Anakapalle, to quantify the influence of key meteorological parameters on cane yield. Pearson’s correlation analysis of five weather variables – rainfall, number of rainy days, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and bright sunshine hours (BSSH) – revealed that rainfall, rainy days and minimum temperature were positively correlated with cane yield (r = +0.273, p < 0.05), while maximum temperature and BSSH showed significant negative correlations (r = ”0.273, p < 0.05). Among the clones, 2012A 340 recorded the highest mean yield of 123.84 t/ha, followed by 2012A 319 (123.06 t/ha), while 2013T 124 recorded the lowest (73.84 t/ha). Weather parameters during the tillering phase were most influential in determining final yield. These results demonstrate that moderate precipitation and favourable nocturnal temperatures during early crop growth are critical drivers of productivity in the north coastal zone of Andhra Pradesh, and provide a basis for developing climate-informed agronomy and clone selection strategies
PERFORMANCE OF NEW MID LATE SUGARCANE GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS IN NORTH COASTAL ZONE OF ANDHRA PRADESH
A field experiment was conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station farm, Anakapalle with an objective to determine ideal amount of nitrogen requirement for mid-late Sugarcane genotypes during the year 2024-25. Three new sugarcane genotypes viz.,2015A230 (CoA20325), 2015A233 (CoA20326),2015A93(CoA ) along with check variety 2009A252 (CoA14323) were tested at four nitrogen levels viz., FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + 100% recommended dose of Nitrogen (F1), FYM @ 25 t ha-1+ 125% recommended dose of Nitrogen (F2), FYM @ 25 t ha-1 + 150% recommended dose of Nitrogen (F3) and application of 100% recommended dose of Nitrogen + In situ incorporation of sunhemp sown as intercrop (F4). The recommended dose was 168 kg N ha-1. The trial was conducted in Factorial RBD with three replications. The findings of the study showed that, the genotypes 2015A233 (85.6 t ha-1) and 2015A230 (82.1 t ha-1) recorded considerably greater cane yield in comparison to the other genotype 2015A93(77.7 t ha-1) and check variety 2009A252 (79.2 t ha-1). Among the four nitrogen levels new mid late sugarcane genotypes produced superior cane yield with application of FYM @ 25 t ha-1+150% RDN (84.3 t ha-1) and 100% RDN + Sunhemp grown as intercrop and in situ incorporation (83.4 t ha-1). Application of FYM @ 25 t ha-1+100% Recommended dose of Nitrogen recorded significantly lower cane yield of 76.9 t ha-1. There was no difference in the juice quality parameters for different treatments, however 2015A233 recorded high sucrose percent of 18.8. Among nitrogen levels, application of 100% RDN + Sunhemp grown as intercrop and in situ incorporation recorded high sucrose percent of 18.1.
WEED CONTROL EFFICACY OF TRIAFAMONE 200 SC IN TRANSPLANTED RICE
A field investigation conducted during two consecutive cropping seasons (Rabi 2017–18 and Kharif 2018–19) at the Agricultural Research Station, Jangamaheswarapuram, Andhra Pradesh, India, to evaluate the performance of Triafamone 200 SC in transplanted Rice.”Among the various herbicide treatments, Triafamone 200 SC applied at 100 g a.i. ha-¹ at 0-3 days after transplanting (DAT) recorded superior weed suppression efficiency in Rabi 2017-18 (68.64%) and in Kharif 2018-19 (60.83%) and also yielded 4967 kg ha-1 in Rabi and 5518 kg ha-1 in Kharif,with performance comparable to conventional farmer-managed two hand weeding practices, which produced 5342 kg ha-1 in Rabi and 5849 kg ha-1 in Kharif. The weed-free treatment recorded the maximum yields (5762 kg ha-1 in Rabi and 6376 kg ha-1 in Kharif), while the weedy check plots showed the lowest yields (3066 kg ha-1 in Rabi and 3825 kg ha-1 in Kharif).