Formerly The Journal of Research, ANGRAU The Journal of Research, PJTSAU is being published in place of Journal of Research, ANGRAU since July, 2014 and the publication of The Journal of Research, PJTSAU is mere continuation of the earlier Journal.
Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University
ATTITUDES OF AGRICULTURAL STUDENTS TOWARD CAREERS IN THEAGRICULTURE SECTOR
The agriculture sector, as a linchpin of global food security and sustainable development, relies heavily on a skilled workforce. Recognizing the pivotal role of undergraduate agriculture students in shaping the future of agriculture, this research seeks to unravel the intricacies of their attitudes towards choosing a career in the agriculture sector. (Onu and Ikehi, 2013).
EFFECT OF DESIZING AND SCOURING ON GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES OF THECOTTON FABRIC
Textiles have constantly played a crucial role in the evolution of human culture by being at the forefront of both technological and artistic development. The study investigates the impact of desizing and scouring processes on the geometrical properties of grey cotton fabric, crucial for its functionality in various applications. Through a series of preparatory treatments, including desizing to remove stiffening agents and scouring to eliminate impurities, the fabric’s appearance and physical attributes were enhanced. Geometrical properties such as fabric count, weight, and thickness were examined before and after treatment. The results indicate a notable increase in fabric count, with a 12.38% rise in warp and a 6.4% increase in weft, post-desizing and scouring. Additionally, fabric weight and thickness showed significant increases of 9.5% and 8.6%, respectively, after treatment. These enhancements suggest improved fabric quality, likely attributed to the removal of impurities and the resulting compactness of the weave. Overall, the study underscores the importance of preparatory processes in optimizing cotton fabric properties for diverse textile applications.
RITIKA BAMAL, NISHA ARYA, ARPITA GROVER and NEETA
DIETARY PATTERN OF SMALL AND MARGINAL FARM FAMILIES IN ADILABADDISTRICT OF TELANGANA STATE
Food plays a critical role in sustaining individuals’ health and overall well-being. By keeping the importance of nutrition in daily life the study was formulated. Objectives of the study were to study the profiles of men and women from small and marginal farm families and analyse their dietary pattern. An ex post facto research design was used for the study in Telangana State. Only Adilabad District was purposively selected from Telangana. Among eighteen mandals of Adilabad District, Jainad and Bela mandals were randomly selected. From small and marginal farm families, either a man or a woman was randomly selected, resulting in a sample size of 120 respondents, comprising 60 men and 60 women. The study focused on fifteen independent variables and one dependent variable. The results indicated that most (60.00%) of the people were middle aged, had primary level of education (42.50%), agriculture as an occupation (60.00%) and annual income of 50,000 to 1,50,000 Rs. (74.99%). Exactly half (50.00%) of them were male and female, belonged to nuclear families (70.00%), engaged in cotton cropping (50.00%), had two earners in the family (60.83%) and were living in proximity of <5 kms (50.00%). They had no milch animal (75.00%), debt of >30,000 Rs. (68.33%), medium health orientation (60.00%) and moderate health status (63.33%). Additionally, wives predominantly made decisions about food (50.00%) and wholesale shops were the preferred choice for food purchases (63.33%). Half (50.83%) of the people had insufficient quantity of diet, medium frequency of diet intake (51.66%), sourced their diet diversely (55.83%), spent moderately on their diet (55.00%), stored their food moderately properly (45.00%), engaged in high physical activity (70.83%), and maintained a fair dietary pattern (45.83%). In males, the higher diet quantity difference was found in milk and milk products (190 gr), followed by cereals (150 gr), roots and tubers (75 gr), and other vegetables (75 gr). In females, the higher diet quantity difference was found in milk and milk products (220 gr), followed by cereals (100 gr), roots and tubers (100 gr), and other vegetables (90 gr). Half (54.16%) of the respondents consumed 15%-50% less the recommended quantity of cereals (54.16%) and pulses (52.50%). All (100%) of them consumed cereals pulses, milk and milk products and sugars regularly. Diversity of diet was found in cereals, fruits, other vegetables and green leafy vegetables. Education (0.3452 **), occupation (0.2409 **), number of persons earning (0.2284 **), milch animals (0.3061 **), health orientation (0.3342 **), decision making about food (0.2650 **) and preference of shops (0.2986 **) were found positive and highly significantly associated with dietary pattern. Annual income (0.2184 *), cropping pattern (0.2340 *), and health status (0.1958 *) were found positive and highly significantly associated with dietary pattern. Whereas, gender (-0.1992 *), distance to market (-0.1980 *) and debt (-0.1795 *) were found negative and significantly associated with dietary pattern.
Nutritional security, food security, food habit and food consumption
KEMEKAR PAVANKUMAR, CHALLA VENU GOPALA REDDY, CH. SAIKIRAN and A. MEENA
ADOPTION OF ANGRAU RECOMMENDED REDGRAM PRODUCTIONTECHNOLOGY BY THE FARMERS OF GUNTUR DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH
The study analyzed the adoption of recommended redgram production techniques among farmers in Guntur district during 2022-23. Findings revealed that while farmers largely followed advice on soil, spacing, and harvesting, adoption rates were lower for fertilizer and water management, seed treatment, disease and pest management, intercropping, and sowing time. Lack of awareness, confidence, and influence from dealers and neighboring farmers were cited as primary reasons for non-adoption. Positive correlations were found between farmers’ education, experience, extension contacts, and training with their adoption levels. Farmers cited constraints such as Maruca and pod fly infestations, low yields, wilt, high cultivation costs, and water scarcity during critical stages.
Adoption, redgram, ANGRAU recommended production technology, correlation, constraints
Production and Marketing Constraints in Turmeric in Telangana
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is an important spice crop and is popularly known as ‘Yellow gold’. Turmeric plays a vital role as its ingredient curcumin is widely utilized for cosmetic, culinary, dye, and medicinal purposes. It also holds significant importance in religious ceremonies. The present study was conducted in Nizamabad, Jagtial and Nirmal districts of Telangana during the year 2021-22 with the objective of identifying the constraints faced by the turmeric farmers in production and marketing of turmeric with a sample size of 240 respondents. The respondents were interviewed personally through a well structured and pre-tested schedule and Garrett’s ranking technique was used to rank the problems. The results of the study revealed that, labour shortage and high cost of labour during peak season was identified and ranked as first constraint. This was followed by high cost of FYM, lack of processing facilities, non availability of improved varieties, and inadequate access to credit etc., which were identified as other major production constraints. Whereas, in marketing of turmeric, lack of minimum support price was identified as the major constraint followed by price fluctuations, high charges by commission agents, lack of assaying facilities, delay in payment by the marketing agencies and lack of transportation facilities. Provision of MSP, measures to stabilise turmeric prices, and provision of assaying facilities for quality certification would help the farmers to compete in international market and to fetch high prices. Hence, the study suggested for coordinated efforts of various stakeholders to address the constraints in production and marketing of Turmeric.
Constraints, production and marketing of turmeric
J.ANUSHA, T.LAVANYA, R.VIJAYA KUMARI, P.RADHIKA and K.SUPRIYA
SCREENING OF SORGHUM (SORGHUM BICOLOR L.) GENOTYPES FOR BMRTRAIT BY HISTOCHEMICAL STAINING TECHNIQUE
Reddish to pink coloration of brown-midrib (bmr) mutant tissues upon histochemical staining with Wiesners’ reagent has been associated with accumulation of cinnamaldehydes and acts as an indirect indicator of quality improvement in forage. Cinnamaldehydes are phenolic substrates associated with lignin biosynthesis pathway. This study was planned with an objective of understanding the relationship between Wiesner staining in stem, leaf midrib and forage quality traits. Twenty forage sorghum genotypes of both brown-midrib (bmr) and wild-type genotypes were used in the study. The genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design. Histochemical staining on leaf and stem sections and stem forage quality traits were analyzed at flowering stage. The Wiesners reagent’s active ingredient, phloroglucinol (1.0% (w: v)), reacts best in an acidic (10.1 M HCl) environment, and was dissolved in four acid-ethanol (v/v) levels of 35/65, 30/70, 25/75, 20/80. Stained cross-sections images of leaf midrib and stem tissues of the genotypes were captured in flatbed scanner and the staining intensity was scored using traditional histochemical and digitized methods. Forage quality analysis was performed on grounded stem tissue samples using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). The analysis of variance revealed significant difference among genotypes for the histochemical staining traits, percent in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), Metabolizable energy (ME mj/kg), and percent neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Orthogonal contrast analysis revealed genotypes carrying bmr loci (bmr6, bmr6bmr12 and bmr12) had significantly lower ADL (acid detergent lignin) and higher IVOMD than wild-type genotypes. Genotypes BN612, 59353, 59354, N605, N596 N600 had the highest IVOMD and lowest ADL, while wild-type genotypes IS26694, SSV-74, IS11861 and ICSV12006 had the lowest IVOMD and highest ADL. These genotypes had highly red-stained and faintly stained tissues,respectively based on traditional and digitized staining assessment. A highly significant positive correlation between the histochemical staining of leaf midrib and stem tissues was detected suggesting that similar substrates responsible for reaction with phloroglucinol were deposited in both organs. Furthermore, a significantly greater staining in bmr6>bmr6bmr12>bmr12>Bmr were detected. These findings shown promise for employing histochemical staining combined with high-through-put phenotyping in selection of bmr inbred lines of higher forage quality value. However, further studies are recommended using large number of bmr inbred lines to confirm the application of the histochemical staining technique for selection in early and later generation advancement of bmr inbred line development.
Sorghum, lignin biosynthesis pathway, flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, phloroglucinol, histochemical staining, near infra-red spectroscopy (NIRS), caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase
BRUNO AWIO, MALLELA VENKATA NAGESH KUMAR, EPHREM HABYARIMANA, RAJAN SHARMA, ARE ASHOK KUMAR and D. SRINIVASA CHARY
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. INCITING STEMROT OF GROUNDNUT PLANT (Arachis hypogea L.)
In the present study, stem rot disease of groundnut was observed in many crop fields of Telangana, India during survey. The most distinguishable symptom is a white fan shaped abundant fungal mycelium mat that appears on the soil surface, leaf fragments and at stem bases of infected plants. The mycelial mat may be seen on the stem a few millimeters above the soil line. Abundant mustard seed-sized, brown to dark brown, spherical sclerotia, initially white later turned to dark brown on maturation was recorded. The fungal pathogen was isolated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Genomic DNA was isolated and internal transcribed region of ribosomal DNA was amplified using ITS1 universal primers. Based on cultural, morphological and molecular characteristics, the fungal pathogen was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii. The rDNA sequence results also showed 98% similarity with reference sequence OR911599 and JF966208.1 confirming pathogen identity. The pathogenicity test was conducted on healthy plants for symptom expression after 6-8 days of inoculation. S. rolfsii is known to infect many economically important crop plants at various stages of its growth and development.
J. CHANDRAKALA, B. PUSHPAVATHI, K. SUDINI, S. TRIVENI and K. SUPRIYA
EVALUATION OF PHYTOTOXICITY OF BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE (Hermetiaillucens L.) MEDIATED COMPOST ON CHINESE CABBAGE (Brassica rapa) USINGTHE SEED GERMINATION BIOASSAY
A lab experiment was conducted at Department of Entomology, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during September to December 2021. The phytotoxicity of six dif ferent entocomposts obtained from rearing black soldier fly larvae on different feed substrate was tested on Chinese cabbage by seed germination bioassay. For each compost type, the effect of four concentrations of water extracts of compost on seed germination and root growth of Chinese cabbage were investigated. Composts were also analyzed for C/N ratio, pH and electrical conductivity. The C/N ratio, pH and EC ranged from 12 to 43.10, 6.87 to 8.81 and 5.70 to 11.30 dSm-1 respectively. Highest relative seed germination (88.44 %) was recorded in frass from Gainesville diet (12.5 %), highest relative root growth (91.23 %) was recorded in frass from fruit waste (12.5 %), and sheep droppings (12.5 %), and highest germination index (73.41) was recorded in the frass from sheep droppings (12.5 %) aqueous extract. Since all the examined BSFL composts extracts were not mature as reflected by germination index of less than 80 resulting in different levels of phytotoxicity, hence suitable neutralizing additives may be added before application in crop.
BHOJENDRA, V. ANITHA, G. ANITHA, S. AMEER BASHA and K. APARNA
INFLUENCE OF FERTIGATION LEVELS AND DRIP IRRIGATION LEVELS ON YIELDAND QUALITY OF RABI CHILLI UNDER MULCH AND NO MULCHED CONDITIONS
The field investigation was carried out during rabi season to evaluate the influence of fertigation levels, mulching and drip irrigation levels on fresh fruit yield and yield quality at WTC fields, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Telangana in 2020-21 and 2021-22. The study was consisted of 12 treatment combinations viz.. 75 %, 100 % (300-60-120 kg ha-1 N-P2O5-K2O) & 125% RDF, drip irrigation levels (0.8 Epan & 1.0 Epan) imposed under factorial combination of mulch (M1) and no mulch (M0) conditions. Among the fertigation levels, 100% RDF (31.15 t ha-1, 195.04 mg 100 g-1, 10.33 % & 0.94 %, respectively) recorded the higher fresh fruit yield, ascorbic acid content, oleoresin content and capsaicin content in pooled data. Mulching treatment has recorded the higher values for fresh fruit yield (37.56 t ha-1), ascorbic acid content (224.43 mg 100 g-1), oleoresin content (11.11 %) and capsaicin content (0.74 %) in pooled data when compared to unmulched treatment.
RANI BATHULA, M. UMA DEVI, A. MADHAVI, K. AVIL KUMAR, BABY AKULA and S.TRIVENI
In-Situ Moisture Conservation and Nutrient Management Strategies on Growth and Yield of 10-22Rainfed Cotton in Semi Arid Regions
A Field study entitled “Influence of resource conservation technologies on cotton productivity, profitability and environment in rainfed Alfisols of Semi-Arid Tropics (SAT)” was conducted at CRIDA, Hyderabad, during rainy season, 2021-222 and 2022-23. Experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with five in-situ moisture conservation viz., M1: Flat bed sowing with CRIDA 6 row planter, M2: Flat bed with dhaincha as live mulch, M3: Conservation furrow at sowing with CRIDA ridge planter, M4: Raised bed and furrow with CRIDA raised bed planter and M5: Conservation furrow at 30 - 40 DAS after interculture operations as main plots and nutrient management practices as sub plots viz., S1: control (No fertilizer), S2: 100% recommended dose of NPK (120:60:60) and S3: 125% recommended dose of NPK (150:75:75) allocated randomly and replicated thrice. The in-situ moisture conservation method, raised bed (M4) recorded higher lint yield (506 kg ha-1) and seed cotton yield (1427 kg ha-1) and was followed by conservation furrow at sowing (M3), conservation furrow at 30-45 DAS (M5), flat bed with dhaincha as live mulch (M2) and flat bed (M1). These higher yields were due to higher plant height (100.8 cm), monopodial branches plant-1 (3.1), sympodial branches plant-1 (16.0), dry matter production (3567 kg ha-1). Among the nutrient management practice 125 % recommended dose of NPK (150:75:75) recorded performed higher plant height (108.2 cm), monopodial branches plant-1 (3.2), sympodial branches plant- 1(16.1), dry matter production (3812 kg ha-1), lint yield (495 kg ha-1) and seed cotton yield (1412 kg ha-1) and was followed by 100 % recommended dose of NPK (120:60:60) and control treatment. So, it is concluded that raising of cotton on raised bed along with application of 125 % RDF of NPK (150:75:75) realized higher lint and seed cotton yield (621 and 1717 kg ha-1).
E. ANUSHA, G. PRATIBHA, M. MADHAVI, K. SRINIVAS, B.M.K. RAJU, I. SRINIVAS, K.V. RAO, V.K. SINGH and K. BHANU REKHA
GENETIC TOOLS AND PROXY PLANT CHARACTERISTICS TO EXPEDITE GRAINYIELD IMPROVEMENT IN SORGHUM HYBRIDS FROM DIVERSE MALE STERILITYCYTOPLASM’S
Correlation, path analytics, and genetic variability were investigated in this work, for yield and yield component traits in 280 sorghum F1 hybrids during Rabi 2021 and Summer 2022 seasons. Considerable amount of genetic variation was observed for all the traits studied, confirming the scope for further selection for superior and desirable hybrids. The broad sense heritability was high for all traits evaluated, and the correlation between genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was almost perfect (r=0.99, p<0.001) and their means comparable (sample estimates mean difference = 1.3), implying the low level of the environmental effect, and a high level additive genetic factors effects on the measured traits. There was a high positive correlation between days to 50 % flowering (DFF) and days to maturity (MAT), MAT and number of leaves per plant (NLP), plant height (PH) and hundred seed weight (HSW), panicle width (PW) and panicle weight per hectare (PWt), PWt and yield (YLD). The correlation coefficients between YLD and the rest of the traits evaluated were low except for PL, PW, and PWt that showed medium, medium, and high positive correlation, respectively. PL, PW, and PWt should therefore be considered in the indirect selection process to identify superior sorghum genotypes with higher grain yield potential. Since the three traits were favorably correlated with grain yield, selection can simultaneously improve all traits by tandem selection, or indirect selection and index selection. The direct and indirect effects of PWt as revealed by path analytics were instrumental to the observed correlation between YLD and PL, PW and PWt. PWt was therefore the sole trait able to determine YLD along with the major component traits in this work. These findings are expected to expedite and enhance genetic gains in sorghum breeding.
KASANABOINA KRISHNA, B.V. VARA PRASAD, EPHREM HABYARIMANA, C.V. SAMEER KUMAR, D. SAIDA NAIK and D. SRINIVASA CHARY
PATTERN OF RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PRODUCTIVITY AND NUTRITIONAL TRAITSIN PEARL MILLET (Pennisetum Glaucum (L.) R. Br.)
The present investigation was carried out to study the correlation and path analysis amonggrain yield, yield-related and nutritional traits in pearl millet hybrids. This experiment was conducted in a total of 168 hybrids, which were developed by crossing 84 advanced generation seed parental (B) lines with two restorer (R) line testers by line x tester mating design. These hybrids were evaluated in 4 trials (each with 42 hybrids) during rainy season of 2020 at four locations. Observations were recorded on days to 50% flowering, plant height, 1000-seed weight, grain iron content, grain zinc content and grain yield. Correlation analysis revealed that significant positive correlation was found between grain yield and plant height; days to 50% flowering and plant height; and grain Fe and Zn content. Significant negative correlation was observed between grain yield with grain Fe and Zn content. The results of path analysis showed that plant height showed highest direct effect and days to 50% flowering showed highest indirect effects on grain yield. These results suggests that plant height and days to 50% flowering should be given maximum consideration for total grain yield improvement.
VIJAYAKUMAR KORABOYANA, ESWARI KANCHERLA, S. N. C. V. L. PUSHPAVALLI, K. SUPRIYA and ANIL KUMAR VEMULA
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF PASSION FRUIT-TOMATOPROBIOTIC DRINK
The growing demand for probiotics has widened the scope for innovation and development of new probiotic products. Passion fruit is as an underutilised fruit crop and a good source of vitamins, like A and C and minerals. Hence, an attempt was made to develop a probiotic drink containing passion fruit and tomato involving L. acidophilus. In the study, five treatments along with one control with three replications were standardized. The most acceptable combination (70% Passion fruit + 30 % Tomato) of the drink was pasteurised at 800C for 20 minutes and allowed to cool. The pasteurised drink was then inoculated with 4ìl L.acidophilus and incubated for a period of one hour at 370C which had availability of 13. 39 log cfu g-1. The probiotic passion fruit based drink along with its control (non-probiotic drink) had TSS content of 12.30 and 13.10 0Brix, titratable acidity of 2.68 % and 1.67 %, total sugar content of 14.28 and 15.20g 100g-1, reducing sugar content of 3.08 and 4.18 g 100g-1, protein content of 1.37 and 0.61 g 100g-1, carbohydrate content of 13.94 and 14.74100g-1, energy of 61.24 and 61.40 Kcal, ascorbic acid of 10.52mg 100g-1 and 13.20 mg 100g-1 and total ash 2.07 % and 2.05 %, respectively.
P. M. MEERA, C. L. SHARON, SEEJA THOMACHAN, E. R. ANEENA and P. S. LAKSHMY
CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS OF FARMERS IN ADOPTION OF PRECISION FARMINGTECHNOLOGIES IN TELANGANA STATE
This study was attempted to identify the constraints faced by farmers in adoption of precision farming technologies transferred by extension professionals. Three districts of Telangana state were purposively selected for the study. A sample of 120 respondents were surveyed under the study. The survey results showed that among the perceived constraints related to the farmers in adoption of precision farming technologies, majority (97.50%) identified Lack of subsidy from the government as their major constraint.It was found that majority (95.83%) of the respondents suggested that the awareness programmes and motivational campaigns need to be conducted by extension personnel to generate awareness and motivation among farmers for popularization of precision farming technologies.
P. NIKITHA, V. SUDHA RANI, V. RAVINDER NAIK, B. PADMAJA and D. SRINIVASA CHARY
PERFORMANCE OF MAIZE UNDER DIFFERENT PHOSPHORUS LEVELS ANDPLANTING METHODS IN HIGH PHOSPHORUS SOILS INNORTHEN TELANGANA ZONE
A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Karimnagar, Northern Telangana Agro Climatic Zone of Telangana State during kharif 2018 and 2019 to study the effect of different levels of phosphorus on growth and yield of maize in high phosphorus soils (79 kgha-1)under raised and flat beds. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design for maize in kharif 2018 and 2019 with 2 main treatments i.e., M1 (Raised beds) and M2 (Flat beds) and five phosphorus levels applied as basal dose as sub treatments viz., S1: 100 % RDP (60 kg ha-1), S2: 75 % RDP (45 kg ha-1), S3: 50 % RDP (30 kg ha-1), S4: 25 % RDP (15 kg ha-1) and S5: 0 % RDP (0 kg ha-1)and replicated four times. The performance of the maizewas found superior whenplanted on raised beds with higher final plant population (per cent) and growth parameters viz., plant height (cm)and dry matter production (kg ha- 1) at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest. The highest grain, stover yield (kg ha-1) and harvest index of maize were found significantly higher underraised beds (M1) compared to the flat beds (M2). In the sub treatments application of 100% RDP (S1) and 75 % RDP (S2) recorded higher plant height at different stages of crop growth that resulted highest dry matter accumulation at 30, 60 DAS and at harvest. The grain yield and stover yield were significantly higher with the 100 % RDP and was followed by the application of 75% RDP and 50 % RDP and which were at par with each other and superior over 25 % RDP and 0 % RDP. The interaction between planting methodsand different levels of phosphorus was found non significant.
K. SHEKAR, P. LAXMINARAYANA, G. MANJULATHA G. PADMAJA and S. NARENDER REDDY
EVALUATION OF GREEN HOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM VARIOUSCOMPONENTS AND FARMING SYSTEM MODELSIN SOUTHERN TELANGANA ZONE
An experiment was conducted to compare and evaluate the greenhouse gas emissions from various components (crop, horticulture and livestock) and farming system models at IFS Unit, College farm, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar during 2021-22 and 2022-23. Theintegrated farming system was planned for 1.00 acre area and consisted of four cropping systems i.e., Rice – Groundnut; Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3) – Bajra; Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2) – Maize; Pigeonpea + Maize (1:3) – Sunhemp, Napier grass and Hedge lucerne as fodder crops, guava orchard, poultry and two sheep units (each 5+1 each). Seven integrated farming system models were formulated by using suitable combinations ofdifferent components and compared. M1: Rice – Groundnut; M2: Rice – Groundnut, Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3) – Bajra, Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2) – Maize; M3: Rice – Groundnut, Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3) – Bajra, Pigeonpea + Maize (1:3) – Sunhemp; Napier grass, Sheep (5+1); M4: Rice – Groundnut, Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3) – Bajra, Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2) – Maize, Pigeonpea + Maize (1:3) – Sunhemp, Poultry unit; M5: Guava, Hedge Lucerne, Napier grass, Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2) – Maize, Sheep (5+1); M6: Guava, Bt cotton + Greengram (1:2) – Maize, Rice – Groundnut, Poultry; M7: Rice – Groundnut, Pigeonpea + Sweetcorn (1:3) – Bajra, Pigeonpea + Maize (1:3) – Sunhemp; Napier grass, Hedge lucerne, Poultry, Sheep (5+1). Among different IFS models, higher mean negative net emissions (-2542 kg CO2 eq.) were recorded in M4 which was significantly at par with M3 (-2360 kg CO2 eq.), M2 (-2372 kg CO2 eq.) and M7 (-2215 kg CO2 eq.). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that integration of crops with livestock components results in net negative emissions and maintains the sustainability as compared to cropping systems.
RAYAPATI KARTHIK, M. VENKATA RAMANA, CH. PRAGATHI KUMARI, T. RAM PRAKASH, G. KIRAN REDDY, D. SAIDA NAIK and M. YAKADRI
Influence of levels of Phosphorus and Molybdenum Seed Treatment on Performance of Soybean in Vertisols of Telangana
Field experiment entitled “Phosphorus and Molybdenum studies on productivity, quality and soil fertility of soybean – maize cropping system” was conducted during 2018-19 & 2019-20. at the Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agriculture University situated at an altitude of 286.3. m above mean sea level (MSL) at 180 49’41’ latitude and 78056’45" E longitude, (PJTSAU). The experiment consisted of 16 treatments viz., four levels of phosphorus (0, 30 60, and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1) and four levels of seed treatment with molybdenum (0, 2, 4 and 6 g kg-1 seed) laid out in a randomized block design with factorial concept and replicated thrice. Perusal of mean results of two years indicated that interaction effect of varying levels of phosphorus and molybdenum seed treatment was significant on plant height at harvest. Phosphorus dose of 60kg P2O5 ha-1 + molybdenum seed treatment @ 4 g kg-1 seed produced significantly higher plant height of 98.28 cm .Phosphorus dose of 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 + seed treatment with molybdenum @ 4 g kg-1 seed produced significantly higher number of pods 231.8 simlilar to that produced with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 at similar level of molybdenum (226) and higher level of molybdenum 6 g kg-1 seed with 60 kg P2O5 ha-1 (225.8). Significantly higher grain yield was recorded at higher level of phosphorus at 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 with molybdenum seed treatment 4 g Mo per kg seed (3397kg ha-1).
FIRDOZ SHAHANA, A. MADHAVI LATA, S. N. SUDHAKARA BABU S. TRIVENI and T. PRABHAKAR REDDY
Screening of Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) Population of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) 39Against Stem Rot Disease Incidence (Sclerotium rolfsii)
Stem rot of groundnut, caused by the necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotium rolfsiiis a devastating soil borne disease. Its incidence has been increasing in the hot and humid groundnut growing regions since the past decade. Chemical and cultural practices have been under practice to manage this disease. However, these measures cannotfully control the pod losses incurred by the crop, owing to the non-uniform distribution of the pathogen. Host resistance to the disease appears to be the most feasible solution to control the disease. In the present study, hundred genotypes of a groundnut RIL population (ICGV 91114 X ICGV 86590) along with resistant and susceptible checks have been screened during Kharif,2021 under artificially inoculated controlled conditions in poly-house. Disease was assessed using percent mortality which was recorded at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after inoculation (DAI). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for 45 and 60 DAI indicating that these could be the best scoring times. It was observed that most of the genotypes were susceptible to the disease, while a very few were resistant and moderately resistant. The genotypes ICGN 184776, ICGN 184806, ICGN 184849, ICGN 184784, ICGN 184783, ICGN 184836, ICGN 184809, ICGN 184811, ICGN 184812, ICGN 184846, ICGN 184768 and ICGN 184823 were found to have considerable resistance against the disease. They have the potential to be considered for selections to be used as parents in crossing programs for the transfer of resistance to cultivated breeding lines.
B. KIRANMAYEE, D. SHIVANI, H. K. SUDINI, D. SRINIVASA CHARY and C. V. SAMEER KUMAR
Influence of different Plant Densities on Physiological Parameters vis-à-vis architecture 25on Bt cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)
A field experiment was conducted on “Influence of plant density vis-à-vis architecture on Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield and quality parameters” was carried out on sandy loam soil at College farm, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during 2021-23. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. Results revealed that physiological parameters viz., significant on leaf area index and light interception rate were record highest in semi open type. Specific leaf weight was found to be highest in compact type of plant canopy. Among plant densities, leaf area index and light interception rate were observed to be highest in plants planted under 90 x 20 cm (55,555 plants ha-1), while highest specific leaf weight was noticed highest in plant spacing of 90 x 60 cm (18,518 plants ha-1) during two years of study and pooled mean. Nonsignificant statistical differences were observed among canopy temperature and SPAD readings (chlorophyll content in leaves).
K. VENKATKIRAN REDDY, BABY AKULA, K. INDUDHAR REDDY, A. MADHAVI, K. SUPRIYA and T. BHARATH
SOIL FERTILITY STATUS OF THE RICE AND MAIZE GROWING SOILS OF VIKARABAD DISTRICT OF TELANGANA
The investigation was conducted at ARI, Ranjendranagar, to know the soil fertility status of the rice and maize growing soils of Vikarabad, Ranga Reddy and Yadadri district of Telangana. Soil samples were collected by random sampling method and soils were analyzed for their fertility status. In paddy grown soils, the pH, electrical conductivity, and organic carbon ranged from 6.06 to 8.08, 0.03 to 0.62 dS m-1 and 0.12 to 1.28 percent and in maize grown soils ranged from 5.31 to 7.94, 0.02 to 0.37 dS m-1 and 0.12 to 1.26 %, respectively. The paddy soils were very low to medium in available nitrogen, low to very high in available phosphorus, low to high in available potassium. The maize soils were very low to medium in nitrogen content, medium to very high in available phosphorus, low to high in available potassium. Paddy and maize soils were deficient in zinc to an extent of 20 and 37 %.
B. POOJA, M. CHANDINI PATNAIK, P. SURENDRA BABU and D. SREELATHA
The Studies on Trait Association and Path Analysis for Protein and Yield Related Traits in F2 8Population of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
The present experiment was carried out in rice using F2 segregating populations of two cross combinations viz., RNR 15048 x JAK 686 and RNR 15048 x JAK 685. Correlation analysis revealed negative and significant correlation of protein content with number of filled grains per panicle, test weight, single plant yield and kernel length and positive non-significant association with panicle length, number of productive tillers per plant and L/B ratio in cross I and positive non-significant association with days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, number of filled grains per panicle, kernel breadth and amylose content and negative association with panicle length, test weight, single plant yield, kernel length and L/B ratio in cross II. Path analysis revealed that L/B ratio exerted highest positive direct effect on the protein content followed by kernel breadth, number of productive tillers per plant and panicle length in cross-I and number of productive tillers per plant, plant height, amylose content, test weight and kernel length exerted highest positive direct effect on the protein content in cross –II.
Correlation, path analysis and grain protein content
MAIZE PRICE TRANSMISSION BETWEEN MAJOR MARKETS IN TELANGANA STATE – AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
This study tests long-run spatial market integration between price pairs of maize in five major markets viz., Badepally, Siddipet, Nagarkurnool, Warangal and Nizamabad of the Telangana State by adopting important econometric tools like Johansen’s multivariate co integration approach, Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Granger causality test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The study has confirmed the presence of co integration, implying the six years price association among the markets. To get the additional evidence as to whether and in which direction price transmission is occurring between the market pairs, Granger causality test has been used, which has confirmed Nizamabad to be the price-determining market. Nizamabad has been found comparatively more efficient as it has depicted most bidirectional causal relations with other markets. The Vector Error-Correction Model (VECM) shown the selected markets of maize are employed to know the speed of adjustments for the prices of maize among selected markets, for short run and long run equilibrium of prices. The results show that Badepally, Nizamabad and Warangal market influence prices in the other two major markets i.e., Siddipet and Nagarkurnool.
M. MAHESHNATH, R. VIJAYA KUMARI, K. SUHASINI, D. SRINIVASA REDDY and A. MEENA
GROWTH OF SEED INDUSTRY IN INDIA VIS-À-VIS TELANGANA
This paper examines the trends in growth of seed industry in India and Telangana with special focus on rice seed sector. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) method was used to estimate the growth in distribution of certified seeds of important crops with special focus on certified seed of rice. While, the size of seed business computed for two different points of time 2014 and 2020 to understand the relative importance of Telangana in Indian seed industry. The size of global seed business increased by about 15 per cent between 2012 and 2020. Subsequently, the India’s share in global seed business has increased from about 4 to 6 per cent during the same period. On other hand, the relative share of Telangana in the Indian seed business has declined from about 30 to 19 per cent between 2014 and 2020 respectively. The reason for this change is a sizeable portion of seed industry being shifted to other neighbouring states specially in case of hybrid rice and Bt cotton seed production. The distribution of certified seed of all crops in India and the state of Telangana has shown a positive compound annual growth rate over the past 20 years, with deceleration in growth rates in recent period. The relative shares of seed production area under hybrid rice and BT cotton hybrids to total area under seed production in Telangana declined from about 23.3 to 13.3 per cent and 8 to 4.75 per cent respectively between 2014 and 2020. However, total area under seed production for all crops and seed growers increased substantially in the state between this period. Hence, the seed growers in Telangana state may be provided with the required incentives along with formulation of a comprehensive seed production policy for further promotion of seed industry.
S. KAVI RAJU, A. JANAIAH, R. VIJAYA KUMARI, P. RADHIKA and D. SRINIVASA CHARY
FARMERS’ PERCEPTION ON AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TELANGANA STATE: SOME REFLECTIONS FROM VILLAGE SURVEY
Farmers in Telangana state expected big changes in agricultural sector after formation of separate state in 2014. Accordingly, government of Telangana initiated series of steps such as Rythu Bandhu, Rythu Bheema, free power for agriculture, etc. This paper made an attempt to assess the farmers perception with respect to change in various indicators of agricultural development after 2014. For this study two largely irrigated districts (progressive districts) and another two primarily rainfed districts (backward districts) were selected for conducting Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) in 40 villages (20 from irrigated districts and 20 from rainfed districts). Data from FGDs were analyzed using various statistical measures of central tendency to understand the changes in key indicators between 2014 and 2021. Results indicated that net area sown and gross area sown has increased by 9.57 and 34.76 per cent at state level between 2014 and 2021. Cropping intensity has also increased by 21 per cent between 2014 to 2021 in the state, implying that an additional 21 per cent of net area was sown more than once in a year primarily due to stabilization of irrigated area under village tanks. Similar findings were also reported during the FGDs in the sample villages. It is also reported that number of agricultural labors declined between two periods primarily due to growing mechanization and also non-farm employment opportunities. Farmers also expressed that the cost of key farm inputs such as fertilizer, farm machinery and labor has been significantly increased by about 60 to 120 per cent, while the increase in output prices was around 70 per cent between 2014 and 2021. The farm level yields were merely stagnant between 2014 and 2021. These farm level trends indicated that there are no major changes in real profitability of major crops.
B. VIJAY KUMAR, ALDAS JANAIAH, K. SUHASINI, SEEMA and A. MEENA
COMPARATIVE ECONOMICS AND CONSTRAINTS ANALYSIS OF COTTON GROWERS UNDER DIFFERENT FARMING SITUATIONS OF TELANGANA STATE
Cotton the ‘King of fibres’ is the important commercial crop of Telangana state occupying an area of 23.48 lakh hectares with 30.42 lakh MT of production during the year 2020-21. The crop is mainly grown under rainfed condition in a wide range of soils like red loamy, deep black, chalka soil and dubba. Considering the different soil types and the irrigation availability, the costs and returns were computed for different farming situations viz., FS-1 (Irrigated red soil), FS-2 (Rainfed red soil), FS-3 (Chalka soil), FS- 4 (Irrigated black soil) and FS-5 (Rainfed black soil). Further, the constraints were analysed based on the primary data collected from 350 cotton growing farmers from 16 villages belonging to eight mandals of districts viz., Nalgonda, Nagarkurnool, Adilabad and Sangareddy during the year 2020-21. The comparison done using tabular analysis inferred that, cotton cultivation was highly profitable in FS-4 with net returns of ( 64773.67) followed by FS-1 ( 48680.16), FS-5 ( 33483.70) and FS-2 ( 24441.86) while, in FS-3 it was a loss with negative net returns ( -1310.70). Economically unviable cotton cultivation in FS-3 recommends for cultivation of other suitable crop viz., millets, pulses and ground nut. Further, constraint analysis inferred that, the crop suffered from pests and diseases infestation, inadequate /excess rainfall, labour scarcity, lack of infrastructure leading to low prices at the time of harvest and poor technical know-how. Hence, the study recommends developing resistant cotton hybrids. Adoption of mulching practices in rainfed cotton, timely and adequate irrigation via water saving techniques in irrigated cotton, better infrastructure and training programmes for dissemination of new technologies is much needed.
S. RADHA, K. SUHASINI, MD. ALIBABA, D. SRINIVASA REDDY and D. SRINIVASA CHARY
EVALUATION OF PIGEONPEA GERMPLASM LINES FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST FUSARIUM WILT DISEASE INCITED BY FUSARIUM UDUM
A study was conducted to evaluate one hundred and seventy two pigeonpea germplasm lines against fusarium wilt in wilt sick plot during Kharif 2019-20 and Kharif 2020-21 at Agriculture Research Station, Tandur. This experiment was laid out in randomized block design with two replications, wherein checks of ICP 2376 (Susceptible check) and ICPL 87119 (Resistant check) were planted after every five rows of the germplasm lines to ascertain the uniformity in disease incidence across the sick plot. Significant differences in disease incidence among pigeonpea germplasm lines were observed in both the years of screening. Based on disease reaction, the per cent disease incidence (PDI) was calculated and the germplasm lines were divided into one of three categories i.e., Resistant (R), Moderately Resistant (MR) and Susceptible (S). The pooled analysis of consecutive two years viz., Kharif, 2019-20 and Kharif, 2020-21 revealed that, out of 172 germplasm lines, 21 germplasm lines showed resistant reaction with 0-10% disease incidence, of which six lines were asymptomatic in expression. While, remaining 45 germplasm lines exhibited moderately resistant in reaction, with 11-30 per cent disease incidence. The other 106 germplasm lines showed susceptible reaction with incidence that was greater than 30 per cent.
T. RAJESHWAR REDDY, B. VIDYASAGAR, S. SANDEEP, G. UMA DEVI, S.N.C.V.L. PUSHPAVALLI, G. SRIDEVI, C. SUDHAKAR and C. SUDHA RANI
PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF HDPS COTTON INFLUENCED BY GENOTYPES AND INM PRACTICES
A field experiment was conducted at College Farm, Agricultural College, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, during kharif, 2019-20 and 2020-21 to study effect of genotypes and integrated nutrient management practices on profitability of HDPS cotton. Experiment was laid out in Split plot design, with two genotypes as main plots (M) and nine Integrated Nutrient Management practices as sub plots (S). Among genotypes, higher lint yield (919; 836 kg ha-1), seed yield (1604; 1468 kg ha-1), stalk yield (6412; 6110 kg ha-1), net returns (93929; 88387 ¹ ha-1) and B: C ratio (2.74; 2.72) were obtained by Bt variety (KCH-14 K59 BG II) compared Non-Bt variety (ADB-542) during kharif, 2019-20 and 2020-21, respectively. While, among integrated nutrient management practices, significantly higher lint yield (1157; 1047 kg ha-1), seed yield (1983; 1807 kg ha-1) and stalk yield (7190; 6853 kg ha-1) and net returns (123795; 115397) were observed with 100% RDF + soil application Jeevamrutha @ 500 L ha-1 at 15 days interval up to harvest (S5) during both years and was comparable with 100 % RDF + Foliar spray of Jeevamrutha @ 5% at 15 days interval up to harvest (S7) and 100 % RDF (S3), respectively. However, higher B: C ratio (3.46; 3.49) was obtained with 100% RDF (S3) during both seasons.
G. VINAY, K. P. VANI, B. PADMAJA, G. JAYASREE, S. TRIVENI and M. YAKADRI
IMPACT OF TILLAGE AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENT ON ACID AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITIES OF RABI MAIZE
A field experiment was conducted in college farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, PJTSAU, Hyderabad, to study different rice residue management options in conservation tillage and conventional tillage in rice-maize cropping system, during rabi 2020-21 and 2021-22. There were eight residue management options in each tillage system viz., T1- Total removal of residue and RDN (33:33:33), T2 - Residue incorporation/retention + RDN (33:33:33), T3- Residue incorporation/retention + RDN (33:33:33) + Microbial Consortium (2% Spray), T4 - Residue burning + RDN (33:33:33), T5- Residue incorporation/retention + RDN (43:23:33), T6 - Residue incorporation/retention + RDN (43:33:23), T7 - Residue incorporation/retention + 10 % extra RDN (43:23:33), T8 -Residue incorporation/retention + 10 % extra RDN (33:43:23). There were a total of 16 treatments, replicated thrice and laid in strip plot design. The results indicated that tillage and residue management options significantly affected acid and alkaline phosphatase activity as well as available P status in soil. Conservation tillage practice resulted in an increase of acid phosphatase activity by 9 % in rabi 2020-2021 and 16 % in rabi 2021-2022 over conventional tillage. The increase in the phosphatases activity with residue retention and incorporation led to increase in the available P status of soil during crop growth period till tasseling stage.
CH. RAVALI, G. JAYASREE, S. TRIVENI, K. SAMMI REDDY and G. PRATIBHA
SOIL FERTILITY STATUS OF PADDY GROWING RED SOILS OF CENTRAL TELANGANA ZONE DISTRICTS OF TELANGANA STATE, INDIA
Soil fertility evaluation of an area is an important aspect in context of sustainable agriculture production. The macronutrients regulate soil fertility and control crop growth and yields. In this inquiry, the Central Telangana Zone (CTZ) in the State of Telangana was chosen, and the availability of macronutrients and their relationship to physico-chemical characteristics in red soils were explored. Forty five red soil predominated mandals were chosen and 59 surface soil (0-15 cm) samples collected from red soil predominated mandals and analyzed for physico-chemical properties and available N, P and K status using standard laboratory procedures. The value of pH, electrical conductivity, and organic carbon was ranged from 6.65 to 7.78, 0.02 to 0.72 dS m-1 and 0.19 to 0.51% respectively. The available N, P2O5 and K2O was ranged from 50 to 314, 17 to 147 and 72 to 627 kg ha-1, respectively. The available nitrogen was in low, phosphorus and potassium contents were in high. Available micronutrients iron and zinc was ranged from 0.58 to 5.92 and 0.06 to 4.81 mg kg-1, respectively. Out of 59 collected soil samples, 97% were low in available nitrogen, 90% and 47% were high in available phosphorus and potassium respectively.
D. RAJASHEKHAR, A. MADHAVI, P. SURENDRA BABU, T RAMPRAKASH, K. P. VANI and D. SRINIVASA CHARY
CHARACTERISATION OF CALCAREOUS SOILS IN RANGAREDDY DISTRICT OF TELANGANA STATE
A survey was conducted in the year 2019-20 in old Rangareddy district of Telangana state to study the characters of calcareous soils, based on effervescence with dil.HCL the samples were collected and were analysed for its characters. Majority of soils collected were medium to high in CaCO3 status. All the soils collected were alkaline to highly alkaline in reaction. Soils were low to medium in available nitrogen and phosphorus content. The average pH, available N, available P2O5, available K2O value recorded in these soils were 8.49, 77.19 Kg ha-1, 6.215 Kg ha-1, 72.88 Kg ha-1 respectively. Correlation study reported that there is significant positive relationship is seen between CaCO3 content and pH and significant negative relationship is seen between CaCO3 content and available N and P2O5 in soil. No significant relationship is seen between CaCO3 content and EC and OC values and significant positive relationship is seen with available K.
Calcareous Soil, characterization, CaCO3 Content, Correlation.
MERAJ SIDDIQUA, S. HARISH KUMAR SHARMA, M. SHANKARIAH, S. TRIVENI and D. SRINIVASA CHARY