Assessment of anaesthetic quality and haemodynamic responses to dexmedetomidine-butorphanol-tiletamine-zolazepam-lignocaine continuous rate infusion in dogs
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Authors
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R. Akhil Nath
Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode- 673 575 (Kerala)
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N.S. Jinesh Kumar
Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode- 673 575 (Kerala)
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S. Sooryadas
Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode- 673 575 (Kerala)
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P.T. Dinesh
Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode- 673 575 (Kerala)
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V. Remya
Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode- 673 575 (Kerala)
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P. Vinu David
Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode- 673 575 (Kerala)
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T.R. Sreekumar
Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Pookode- 673 575 (Kerala)
Keywords:
Butorphanol, Continuous rate infusion, Dexmedetomidine, Dog, Lignocaine, Tiletamine-ZolazepamAbstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a continuous rate infusion (CRI) protocol for total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in animals chosen for various elective surgical procedures. A prospective clinical study was conducted on six healthy adult dogs of either sex, various breeds and ages, classified as ASA class I or II. All the dogs received intramuscular meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg) as pre-emptive analgesic. After 30 min, dexmedetomidine (5µg/kg), butorphanol (0.2mg/kg) and tiletamine-zolazepam (4mg/kg) were administered intramuscularly. The actual time of sedation was noted by attainment of lateral recumbency with the loss of righting reflex. After induction and successful intubation, a single intravenous bolus of lignocaine at 2mg/kg was administered as a loading dose. Maintenance of anaesthesia was achieved by CRI of dexmedetomidine (0.5 µg/kg/hr), butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg/hr), tiletamine-zolazepam (2 mg/kg/hr), and lignocaine (50 µg/kg/min) diluted in normal saline. The anaesthetic efficacy was evaluated based on clinical and physiological parameters as well as state entropy monitoring. The anaesthetic protocol facilitated smooth progression through induction, maintenance, and recovery phases by effectively providing adequate skeletal muscle relaxation, analgesia, and maintenance of cardiovascular and respiratory homeostasis.
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