Comparative evaluation of physiological and haemodynamic effects of zoletil, ketofol, and etofol administered as constant rate infusions in glycopyrrolate and dexmedetomidine premedicated dogs
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Authors
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Varimadugu Siva Sai Krishna
Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur-482 004 (Madhya Pradesh)
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Dharmendra Kumar
Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur-482 004 (Madhya Pradesh)
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Neelam Tandia
Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur-482 004 (Madhya Pradesh)
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Priya Singh
Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur-482 004 (Madhya Pradesh)
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Anuradha Nema
Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur-482 004 (Madhya Pradesh)
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Shailendra Singh
Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur-482 004 (Madhya Pradesh)
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Tanya Pawar
Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur-482 004 (Madhya Pradesh)
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Tejasvi Meshram
Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur-482 004 (Madhya Pradesh)
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Yash Sharma
Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur-482 004 (Madhya Pradesh)
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Vijay Mali
Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur-482 004 (Madhya Pradesh)
Keywords:
Constant rate infusion, Dexmedetomidine, Dog, Etofol, Glycopyrrolate, Ketofol, Tiletamine-ZolazepamAbstract
The study evaluated the effects of zoletil, ketofol, and etofol as constant rate infusions (CRI) in dogs premedicated with glycopyrrolate and dexmedetomidine. Eighteen dogs were randomly divided into three groups (n=6), all receiving glycopyrrolate (0.01 mg/kg, i.m.) and dexmedetomidine (15 µg/kg, i.v.) prior to anaesthetic induction. Group A animals received zoletil (6.5 mg/kg, i.v.), group B received ketofol (1:1), and group C received etofol (1:1) for both induction and maintenance. All groups showed a significant decrease in heart rate at 15 min, with the lowest rates in group C, followed by groups B and A. Respiratory rate was similar between groups A and B up to 30 min; but overall, group A had the lower values. Rectal temperature remained consistent across groups, except at 45 min where group B showed a significant higher value. Mean arterial pressure was lowest in group A throughout, followed by groups B and C. SpO₂ levels showed minimal variation, with the lowest readings in group B, then group C, and highest in group A. These findings indicate that all three CRI protocols provided satisfactory anaesthetic maintenance with varying effects on physiological and cardiopulmonary parameters.
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