Effect of Feeding Different Forms of Zinc on Growth Performance of Male Crossbred Calves
254 / 32
Authors
-
Laxit Kachhadia
Sumul Dairy, Surat, Gujarat
-
Shrikant B Katole
Animal Nutrition Research Station Veterinary College, AAU, Anand - 388110Anand (Gujarat), India
-
P.R. Pandya
Anand Agricultural University, Anand
-
G.B. Patil
Anand Agricultural University, Anand
Keywords:
Nano ZnO, Crossbred calves, growth, TMRAbstract
The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of replacing inorganic zinc with lower level of organic and nano zinc on feed intake, growth performance, FCR and feeding economics of male growing calves. Fifteen male crossbred calves (93.39±3.19 kg; 8-10 months) were randomly allocated into three groups (n=5). These calves were fed with basal diet consisting of total mixed ration (TMR) having 50:50 roughage to concentrate ratio with 2 kg of green fodder. Along with basal diet experimental groups were provided with additional Zn sources i.e., zinc sulphate (ZnSO4, @40 ppm) in T1, Zn-glycinate (@20 ppm) in T2 and nano ZnO (@10 ppm) in T3 at 50% and 25% level of inorganic Zn supplementation, respectively, for the period of 98 days. All the calves were weighted bi-weekly. Among the groups, dietary Zn supplementation did not affect the feed intake, average daily gain and FCR of the animals significantly (P>0.05). However, numerical improvement in average daily gain and FCR of nano ZnO supplemented groups was observed. Also, cost per kg weight gain was found to be lower in the nano ZnO supplemented group. It may be concluded that, supplementation of nano ZnO (@10 ppm), Zn-glycinate (@20 ppm) and ZnSO4 (@40 ppm) gave comparable (P>0.05) results on growing crossbred calves without any adverse effect.
References
Abedini, M., Shariatmadari, F., Karimi Torshizi, M.A., and Ahmadi, H. 2018. Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the egg quality, immune response, zinc retention, and blood parameters of laying hens in the late phase of production. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 102(3): 736-745.
Adegbeye M.J., Elghandour, M.M., Barbabosa-Pliego, A., Monroy, J.C., and Mellado, M. 2019. Nanoparticles in equine nutrition: mechanism of action and application as feed additives. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 78(1): 29-37.
Anil, T.S.V. 2017. Effect of Dietary Nano Zinc Oxide Supplementation on Growth Performance in Crossbred Calves, Post-graduate Thesis, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram, India.
Bunglavan, S.J., Garg, A.K., Dass, R.S., and Sameer, S. 2014. Use of nanoparticles as feed additives to improve digestion and absorption in livestock. International Journal of Livestock Research. 2(3): 36-47.
Cao, J., Henry, P.R., Guo, R., Holwerda, R.A., Toth, J.P., and Littell, R.C. 2000. Chemical characteristics and relative bioavailability of supplemental organic zinc sources for poultry and ruminants. Journal of Animal Science. 78(8): 2039–2054.
Case, C.L., and Carlson, M.S. 2002. Effect of feeding organic and inorganic sources of additional zinc on growth performance and zinc balance in nursery pigs. Journal of Animal Science. 80(7): 1917-1924.
Cope, C.M., Mackenzie, A.M., Wilde, D., and Sinclair, L.A. 2009. Effects of level and form of dietary zinc on dairy cow performance and health. Journal of Dairy Science. 92(5): 2128-2135.
Dass, R.S., Kumar, R., Bhadane, K.P., Tiwari, R.K., Mudgal, V., Garg, A.K., and Varshney, V.P. 2009. Effect of zinc sulphate treated soybean meal feeding on nutrient utilization and blood metabolic profile in male Murrah buffalo calves. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 79(11): 1156-1160.
El Ashry, G.M., Hassan, A.A.M., and Soliman, S.M. 2012. Effect of Feeding a Combination of Zinc, Manganese and Copper Methionine Chelates of Early Lactation High Producing Dairy Cow. Food & Nutrition Sciences. 3(8): 1084-1091.
Gaafar, H.M.A., Bassiouni, M.I., Ali, M.F.E., Shitta, A.A., and Shamas, A.S.E. 2011. Effect of zinc methionine supplementation on productive performance of lactating Friesian cows. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 2(2): 94-101.
Hassan, E.H., Farghaly, M.M., and Solouma, G.M. 2016. Effect of zinc supplementation from inorganic and organic sources on nutrient digestibility, some blood metabolites and growth performance of growing buffalo calves. Egyptian Journal of Nutrition and Feeds. 19(1): 37-46.
ICAR. 2013. Nutrient Requirements of Cattle and Buffalo. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India.
Jadhav, S.E., Garg, A.K. and Dass, R.S. 2008. Effect of graded levels of zinc supplementation on growth and nutrient utilization in male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. Animal Nutrition and Feed Technology. 8(1): 65-72.
Kumar, A., Sahu, D.S., Chandra, G., Yadav, S.P., Kumar, R., Jaiswal, V. and Singh, R.K. 2018. Effect of Different Sources of Zinc on Growth Performance and Haemato-Biochemical Profiles of Murrah Buffalo Calves. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition. 35(4): 409-414.
Mandal, G.P., Dass, R.S., Garg, A.K., Varshney, V.P., and Mondal, A.B. 2008. Effect of zinc supplementation from inorganic and organic sources on growth and blood biochemical profile in crossbred calves. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 17(2): 147.
Mandal, G.P., Dass, R.S., Isore, D.P., Garg, A.K., and Ram, G.C. 2007. Effect of zinc supplementation from two sources on growth, nutrient utilization and immune response in male crossbred cattle (Bos indicus×Bos taurus) bulls. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 138(1): 1-12.
Mishra, A. 2017. Effect of supplementation of nano zinc oxide on zinc bioavailability immunomodulation expression of zinc responsive genes and performance in Buffalo Calves, Doctoral dissertation, NDRI, Karnal, India.
Miyamoto, T., Sakurai, A., and Degroot, L.J. 1991. Effects of zinc and other divalent metals on deoxyribonucleic acid binding and hormone binding activity of human alpha-1 thyroid hormone receptor expressed in Escherichia coli. Endocrinology. 129(6): 3027-3033.
Mohanta, R.K., and Garg, A.K. 2014. Organic trace minerals: immunity, health, production and reproduction in farm animals. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition. 31(3): 203-212.
Nagalakshmi, D., Sridhar, K., Satyanarayana, M., Ramulu, S.P., Narwade, V.S., and Vikram, L. 2017. Effect of replacing inorganic zinc with a lower level of organic zinc (zinc propionate) on performance, biochemical constituents, antioxidant, immune and mineral status in buffalo calves. Indian Journal of Animal Research.52(9): 1292-1297.
Osorio, J.S., Wallace, R.L., Tomlinson, D.J., Earleywine, T.J., Socha, M.T., and Drackley, J.K. 2012. Effects of source of trace minerals and plane of nutrition on growth and health of transported neonatal dairy calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 95(10): 5831-5844.
Pierce, J.L., Shafer, B.L., Stalder, K.J., and Burkett, J.L. 2005. Nutritional means to lower trace mineral excretion from swine and poultry without compromising performance. Poultry Science. 84: 1-6.
Ranasinghe, P., Wathurapatha, W.S., Ishara, M.H., Jayawardana, R., Galappatthy, P., Katulanda, P., and Constantine, G.R. 2015. Effects of Zinc supplementation on serum lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition & Metabolism. 12(1): 26.
Scheerlinck, J.P.Y., Gloster, S., Gamvrellis, A., Mottram, P.L., and Plebanski, M. 2006. Systemic immune responses in sheep, induced by a novel nano-bead adjuvant. Vaccine. 24(8): 1124-1131.
Schell, T.C., and Kornegay, E.T. 1996. Zinc concentration in tissues and performance of weanling pigs fed pharmacological levels of zinc from ZnO, Zn-methionine, Zn-lysine, or ZnSO4. Journal of Animal Science. 74(7): 1584-1593.
Shakweer, I.M.E., El-Mekass, A.A.M., and El-Nahas, H.M. 2010. Effect of two different sources of zinc supplementation on productive performance of Friesian dairy cows. Egyptian Journal of Animal Production. 47(1): 11-22.
Scott, N.R. 2005. Nanotechnology and animal health. Revue Scientifique Et Technique Office International Des Epizooties, 24(1): 425-432.
Singh, H., Grewal, R.S., Kaur, S., Kaur, J., Singh, C., Lamba, J.S., and Malhotra, P. 2018. Effect of Organic Cu and Zn on the Performance of Pre-Ruminant Buffalo Calves. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 7(5): 763-769.
Snedecor, G.W., and W.G. Cochran. 1994. Statistical Methods. (8th edition). The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, USA.
Spears, J.W., Schlegel, P., Seal, M.C., and Lloyd, K.E. 2004. Bioavailability of zinc from zinc sulfate and different organic zinc sources and their effects on ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions. Livestock Production Science. 90(2-3): 211-217.
Spears, J.W. 1989. Zinc methionine for ruminants: relative bioavailability of zinc in lambs and effects of growth and performance of growing heifers. Journal of Animal Science. 67(3): 835-843.
Swain, P.S., Rao, S.B., Rajendran, D., Dominic, G., and Selvaraju, S. 2016. Nano zinc, an alternative to conventional zinc as animal feed supplement: A review. Animal Nutrition, 2(3): 134-141.
Vallee, B.L., and Falchuk, K.H. 1993. The biochemical basis of zinc physiology. Physiological Reviews. 73 (1): 79-118.
Wright, C.L., and Spears, J.W. 2004. Effect of zinc source and dietary level on zinc metabolism in Holstein calves. Journal of Dairy Science. 87(4): 1085-1091.
Zhao, C.Y., Tan, S.X., Xiao, X.Y., Qiu, X.S., Pan, J.Q., and Tang, Z.X. 2014. Effects of dietary zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth performance and antioxidative status in broilers. Biological Trace Element Research. 160(3): 361-367.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright remains with the society and author jointly. However, material can be used for research, teaching and to achieve goals of the society.
