Carbon Quantum Dots Essential Oils Complex as A Substitute for Antibiotic Growth Promoter in Broiler Chicken Diet
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Authors
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S. V. Rama Rao
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Lavleen Kumar Gupta
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MVLN. Raju
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S. S. Paul
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B. Prakash
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Y. Adinarayana Reddy
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S. Sai Pavan
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D. Nagalakshmi
Keywords:
Antioxidation, Broilers, Carbon quantum, Essential oils, Gut microbiome, Immune responses.,performance.Abstract
Essential oils (EO) are volatile in nature. To maintain their efficacy as antimicrobial compounds, seven EO were complexed with carbon quantum dots (CQEC). The in vitro antimicrobial efficacy in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of the CQEC was either similar or higher to that of antibiotic growth promoter (AGP i.e. BMD) against common pathogens (Salmonella, E. coli, and Clostridia). To synthesize a complex of CQ-EOs, and assess the antimicrobial activity, and their potential benefits on performance, carcass traits, immune responses, antioxidant variables, and caecal microbiota composition in broiler chicken-fed diets without AGP. Two feeding trials were conducted to study the in vivo efficacy of CQEC as an alternative to BMD. In experiment 1, CQEC was tested at 200 and 250g/ton, while in experiment 2, CQEC was included at 100, 250, 500, and 1000g/ton feed. A positive control (PC) with BMD and a negative control (NC) without BMD or CQEC were fed in both experiments. The diets were in mash form, and each diet was fed to 10 replicates having 25 birds in each floor pen. The results indicated that feed efficiency (FE) reduced significantly in the NC group compared to the PC. The regression analysis indicated nonlinear improvement in FE with supplementation of different concentrations of CQEC to the NC diet. Similarly, nonlinear improvement in immune responses (CMI response and HI titres), and activity of superoxide dismutase, reduced lipid peroxidation and caecal colony count of pathogenic bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella) were observed when CQEC was supplemented to the NC diet. The gut microbiome analysis indicated upregulation of the Bacteroides population in CQEC-supplemented groups compared to the NC group. Based on the results, it is concluded that the broiler performance can be maintained with supplementation of CQEC to the AGP-free NC diet. The improved performance with CQEC supplementation could be due to the reduction in gut pathogens (E coli and Salmonella), improvement in the Bacteroides population in the gut, and improvement in immune and antioxidant variables in broilers fed the alternative compound (CQEC) to AGP.
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