Growth Performance of Pigs as Affected by Seasonal Stress in Relation to Energy Levels in Rations
94 / 46
Authors
-
Prasanta Pathak
ICAR-KVK, East Sikkim, Ranipool, Sikkim
Keywords:
Dietary energy, Growth, Pig, Season, Thermal stressAbstract
The experiment was conducted on pure-bred (Hampshire) and cross bred (50% Hampshire x 50% Local) pigs under the agro-climatic condition of Assam State, India to find out the effects of seasonal thermal stress on their growth performance.  The experiment was also aimed to study the role of different level of energy ration (110, 100 and 90 per cent energy of NRC feeding standard for pig) in variation of growth parameters in two genetic groups of pigs in different seasons. The Metabolizable Energy value were 3260, 2936.5 and 3585.8 kcal/kg in grower ration and 3260.2, 2936.6 and 3587 kcal/kg in finisher ration for normal energy (NE), low energy (LE) and high energy (HE), respectively. The Temperature Humidity Index (THI) during the study period was found to be indicative of thermal stress to the experimental animals during summer (79.55 – 82.56) as compared to the winter seasons (67.21-73.81). Higher total feed intake, daily feed intake, total gain in body weight and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was recorded in winter season. The feed intake was comparatively higher in Hampshire but FCE was higher in Hampshire x Local. However in dietary energy wise variation, lower feed intake and higher FCE was recorded
in high energy (HE) incorporated group. The average body weight was significantly (P<0.01) higher in winter and Hampshire pigs attained higher body wt. (81.80 kg). The energy level of diet had significant (P<0.01) influenced on the body weight gain and minimized the production losses in terms of body wt. gain during summer. Data indicated that in Assam, the growth performance varied with the season and during the warm season feed intake was a major limiting factor to growth rate but increasing the energy density of diet can help to minimize the effect.
References
Barooah, K. 2015. Effect of body cooling on productive and reproductive performance of Hampshire pigs during summer. M.V.Sc. Dissertation. Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara – 781022, Assam, India.
Chakraborty, A. 2016. Biomolecular expression on melatonin and vitamin-E supplementation during summer and winter in pig. Ph.D. Dissertation. Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara -781022, Assam, India.
Christon, R. 1988. The effect of tropical ambient temperature on growth and metabolism in pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 66:3112-3123.
Das, A.B. 2006. Different breeds, breeding and strategy for improvement of pig production. In: Training manual Technology on piggery development for North Eastern Region-2006 held at Division of Animal Production, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam-793103, India on Jul. 17-20, 2006. pp 241-255.
Das, S.K., Sarkar, A.B. and Nath, D.R. 2001. Effects of season on growth and carcass traits of broiler rabbit. Indian Vet. Med. J. 25: 137-139.
Davis, M.S. and Madder, T.L. 2002. Accounting wind speed and solar radiation in temperature humidity index. American Society of Anim. Sci. 42: 137-139.
Khalkho K. 2004. Genetic studies on some productive and reproductive traits in Tamworth, Desi and their cross breds.M.V.Sc. Dissertation. Birsa Agriculture University. Ranchi-834006, Jharkhand, India.
Kumar, R. and Gautam, H.R. 2014. Climate change and its impacts on agricultural productivity in India. Climatol. Weather Forecasting, 2: 109-111.
Mader, T.L. and Kreikemeier, W.M. 2006. Effects of growth promoting agent and seasons on blood metabolites and body temperature in heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 84:1030-1037.
Myer, R. and Bucklin, R. 2012. Influence of hot-humid environment on growth performance and reproduction of swine. University of Florida IFAS Extension, U.S. Department of Agriculture. pp1-8.
Nass, I.A. and Moura, D.J. 2006. Animal housing in hot climates: A multidisciplinary view. In: Proc. of Workshop of CIGR Section II-2006 held at Campinas-13000, Brazil on Feb. 25, 2006. pp85-86.
Noblet, J., Fortune, H., Shi, X.S. and Dubois, S. 1994. Prediction of net energy value of feeds for growing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 72: 344–354.
NRC. 1998. Nutrient Requirement of Swine. 10th rev. ed. National Academy of Sciences, National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
Pourouchottamane, R., Pankaj, P.K., Banik, S.,Naskar, S.,Tamuli, M.K. and Das, A. 2013. Response of pigs to thermal stress under intensive system of rearing. Indian J. anim. Prod. Mgmt. 29: 75-79.
Reddy, B.S., Prasad, D.A. and Murthy, A.S. 1982. Effect of varying protein and energy ration on the performance of growing Large White Yorkshire pigs. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 52: 236-240.
Reddy, D.V., Prasad, D.A., Charyulu, E.K., Audeyya, P. and Reddy, M.R.N. 1986. Effect of different levels of protein and energy on the performance and utilization of nutrients in growing desi pigs. Indian J. Anim. Sci. 56: 105-109.
Renaudeau, D., Gourdine, J.L. and St-Pierre, N.R. 2014. A meta-analysis of the effects of high ambient temperature on growth performance of growing-finishing pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 89: 220-2230.
Sailo, R.N. 2005. Effect of body cooling and dietary energy levels on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs. M.V.Sc. Dissertation, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara-781022, Assam, India.
Sirohi, S. and Michaelowa, A. 2007. Sufferer and cause: Indian Livestock and climate change. Climate Change, 85: 285-298.
Thornton, P.K., Steeg, J.V.D., Notenbaert, A. and Herrero, M. 2009. The impacts of climate change on livestock and livestock systems in developing countries: A review of what we know and what we need to know. Agricultural Systems, 101: 113-127.
Tokach, M., Derouchey, J., Goodband, B,Dritz and S.,Nelssen, J. 2010. Diet formulation using lower energy feeds. In: Proc. Swine Profitability Conference-2010 held at Kansas State University, Manhattan-66506, USA on No. 21-23, 2010. pp141-155.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright remains with the society and author jointly. However, material can be used for research, teaching and to achieve goals of the society.
