Quantitative Insights into Breeder Seed Production trends and Varietal Adoption in Major Seed Spices

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of breeder seed (BS), indent, allocation and production of seed spices over a ten-year period (2015–16 to 2023–24) to assess the efficiency and future scope of the formal seed system in India. The findings reveal that only three seed spices viz., cumin, coriander, and fenugreek consistently received breeder seed indents for further multiplication. The number of varieties from seed spices entering into seed chain were also less as 29 varieties in coriander, 19 varieties in fenugreek and 2 varieties in cumin received BS indent in last decade. The seed spices varieties viz., GC-4 in cumin, RCR-436 and RCR-435 in coriander, and RMt-1 and RMt-305 in fenugreek are dominated in BS indents and production, indicating their strong farmer preference and agronomic suitability. Institutionally, research centers like RARI, Durgapura and ICAR-NRCSS, Ajmer emerged as major contributors to varietal development and seed multiplication. However, limited participation from other breeding centers underscores the need for broader inclusion and capacity enhancement across regions. The analysis also revealed crop-specific variation in BS indent sources. While cumin’s BS demand was entirely met by public sector agencies, coriander and fenugreek showed growing involvement from private seed companies, which accounted for 24% and 22% of total indents, respectively. Projections for certified seed production in 2025–26, based on seed rate, SMR, and area under cultivation, showed SRR ranging from 5.27% in cumin, 7.87% in fenugreek to 48.16% in coriander. The study emphasizes the need for enhancing varietal diversification, strengthening public–private partnerships, and aligning breeder seed production more closely with state-wise demand forecast to ensure sufficient availability of quality seeds of seed spice crops.