Hybrid Seed Adoption and Farmers’ Perceptions of Traditional Seed Varieties in Northwestern Bangladesh

Abstract

Hybrid seeds are widely promoted to enhance agricultural productivity, yet their rapid diffusion has raised concerns about the erosion of traditional seed diversity and longterm agro-biodiversity in smallholder farming systems. This study examined hybrid seed adoption, farmer motivations, institutional support, and perceived implications for traditional seed use in northwestern Bangladesh. Primary data were collected through a structured survey of 100 farmers across five districts through a structured survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analysis.Results indicate that 63–64% of farmers adopted hybrid seeds mainly for higher yield and increase income, rice was the most preferred hybrid crop (28.74%), followed by maize (9.58%), okra (7.78%), and potato (7.18%). Hybrid cultivation was associated with higher input intensity, as 42% of farmers applied increased levels of irrigation and fertilizers, while 59% reported severe pest and disease problems. Institutional support was limited, with 78% of respondents receiving no formal training on hybrid seed cultivation and only 8% accessing advice from agricultural extension services. In contrast, 48% of farmers considered traditional varieties more climate-resilient, compared to 27% for hybrids, reflecting their adaptability, lower input requirements, and cultural food preferences. The findings reveal a clear productivity–resilience trade-off, where hybrid seeds offer short-term yield advantages while traditional varieties contribute to agro-biodiversity conservation and climate adaptability. The results suggest the coexistence of dual seed systems shaped by economic incentives and institutional constraints. Future research should employ broader studies and evaluate biodiversity and policy interventions to better understand long term sustainability outcomes.