Rhythmic Alterations in Physiological Response, Growth Performance and Blood Metabolites in Growing Hariana Cattle Fed on Ration Included with Different Levels of Corn Silage
327 / 51
Authors
-
Ashwani Kumar Verma
-
Muneendra Kumar
-
Vinod Kumar
-
Raju Kushwaha
-
Shalini Vaswani
-
Avinash Kumar
-
Yajuvendra Singh
Keywords:
Blood metabolites, Corn silage, Green fodder, Hariana heifer, HaematologyAbstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of green fodder replacement with corn silage on the physiological response, growth performance, and blood metabolites in summer exposed growing Hariana cattle. Eighteen growing Hariana cattle were randomly allocated into three groups (n=6) on body weight (130±3.0 kg) and age (14±1.5 months) basis. Experimental heifers either received a basal total mixed ration (TMR) devoid of corn silage (S0%) or were fed on TMR of which 50% (S50%) and 100% (S100%) green fodder were replaced with corn silage. Mean THI and RH values indicated that experimental heifers were in moderate heat stress. Replacement of green fodder with corn silage did not alter the physiological response of heifers during 90 d experimental periods. As the level of inclusion of corn silage increased, dry matter intake (DMI) and cost of feeding also increased (P<0.05) while average daily gain (ADG) was similar among all groups. Hematological attributes and plasma metabolites showed non-significant effect of green fodder replacement with corn silage. Although the green fodder replacement with corn silage increased cost of feeding but can be used as a best alternative during summer period by maintain the performance of dairy animals.  Â
References
Amuda, A.J. and Okunlola, D.O. 2018. Haematological parameters and serum biochemistry of West African dwarf sheep fed ensiled maize stover and concentrate supplements. J. Agric. Vet. Sci. 11: 57-63.
AOAC. 2005. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th edn. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Washington DC.
Barnett, A.J.G. 1951. The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in silage. Biochem. J. 49: 527-529.
Bernabucci, U., Ronchi, B., Lacetera, N. and Nardone, A. 2002. Markers of oxidative status in plasma and erythrocytes of transition dairy cows during hot season. J. Dairy Sci. 85: 2173-2179.
Bose, B.K.S., Kundu, S.S., Tho, N.T.B., Sharma, V.K. and Sontakke, U.B. 2014. Residual feed intake as a feed efficiency selection tool and its relationship with feed intake, performance and nutrient utilization in Murrah buffalo calves. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 46: 615-662.
Bureenok, S., Yuangklang, C., Vasupen, K., Schonewille, J.T. and Kawamoto, Y. 2012. The effects of additives in Napier grass silages on chemical composition, feed intake, nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 25: 1248-1254.
Chaudhary, D.P., Jat, S.L., Kumar, R., Kumar, A. and Kumar, B. 2014. Fodder quality of maize. In: Chaudhary DP, Kumar S, Singh S (eds.), Its preservation in maize nutrition, dynamics and novel uses, Springer, India. pp: 153-160.
Chen, G.J., Song, S.D., Wang, B.X., Zhang, Z.F., Peng, Z.L., Guo, C.H., Zhong, J.C. and Wang, Y. 2015. Effects of forage: concentrate ratio on growth performance, ruminal fermentation and blood metabolites in housing-feeding Yaks. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 28: 1736-1741.
Church, D.C. 1991. Livestock Feeds and Feeding, 3rd ed. Prentice Hall INC. Engle wood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA.
Detmann, E. and Filho, S.C.V. 2010. On the estimation of non-fibrous carbohydrates in feeds and diets. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 62: 980-984.
El-Ayouty, S.A., Abdel-khalek, A.E., Ghanay, E.L., A.I.A. and Shatifa, M.A. 2000. Effects of diets containing silage on growth performance digestibility and carcass traits of growing rabbits. Egyptian J. Nutr. Feeds. 3: 43-56.
Etman, K.E.I., Khafagi, E.A., Malik, A., Hathout, W.A. and El-Sayes, M.F. 1994. Conservation of green summer forage as silage and its utilization in feeding growing lambs. In Proceedings of the 8th Conference, Egyptian Society of Animal Production, pp: 175.
Fazaeli, H., Golmohhammadi, H.A., Al-Moddarres, A., Mosharraf, S. and Shoaei, A.A. 2006. Comparing the performance of sorghum silage with maize silage in feedlot calves. Pakistan J. Biol. Sci. 9: 2450-2455.
Fisher, L.J. and Lessard. 1987. Intake and digestibility of corn, rye and sorghum-sudan grass silages by lactating cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 67: 1027-1032.
Hameleers, A. 1998. The effects of the inclusion of maize silage, fermented whole crop wheat or urea-treated whole crop wheat in a diet based on high-quality grass silage on the performance of dairy cows. Grass Forage Sci. 53: 157-163.
Horiguchi, K. and Takahashi, T. 2007. Fermentation quality and nutritive value of green soybean stover silage. Grassl. Sci. 53: 27-31.
Juniper, D.T., Browne, E.M., Fisher, A.V., Bryant, M.J., Nute, G.R. and Beever, D.E. 2005. Intake, growth and meat quality of steers given diets based on varying proportions of maize silage and grass silage. Anim. Sci. J. 81:159-170.
Kaiser, A.G. and Piltz, J.W. 2004. Feed testing assessing silage quality in successful silage. Dairy Australia and New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, pp: 312-333.
Keady, T.W.J., Lively, F.O., Kilpatrick, D.J. and Moss, B.W. 2007. Effects of replacing grass silage with either maize or whole-crop wheat silages on the performance and meat quality of beef cattle offered two levels of concentrates. J. Anim. Sci. 1: 613–623.
Keady, T.W.J., Mayne, C.S. and Kilpatrick, D.J. 2002b. The effect of maturity of maize silage at harvest on the performance of lactating dairy cows offered two contrasting grass silages. In Proc. Br. Soc. Anim. Sci. pp:16.
Kilic, A. 1986. Silo Feed, Instruction, Education and Application Proposals, pp:327.
Kung, J.L. and Stokes, M. 2001. Analyzing silages for fermentation end products. (Available:http://www.ag.udel.edu/anfs/faculty/kung/articles/analyzing/silages/for/formentati.htm; Accessed 21 November 2012).
Langston, C.W., Irvin, H., Gordon, C.H., Bouma, C., Wismani, H.G., Melin, C.G. and Moore, L.A. 1958. Microbiology and chemistry of grass silage. Tech. Bull. 1187.
Little, W., Manston, R. 1972. The effect of feeding maize and lucerne silages on blood composition in dairy cows. J. Agric. Sci. 78: 809.
Mafakher, E., Meskarbashee, M., Hassibi, P. and Mashayekhi, M.R. 2010. Study of chemical composition and quality characteristics of corn, sunflower and corn-sunflower mixture silages. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 5: 175-179.
McDonald, P. and Henderson, A.R. 1964. Determination of water-soluble carbohydrates in grass. J. Sci. Food Agric. 15: 395-398.
McDonald, P., Edwards, R.A., Greenhalgh, J.F.D. and Morgan, C.A. 1995. Animal Nutrition, 5th ed. Copyright Licensing LTD, London.
McDowell, R.E., Hooven, N.W. and Camoens, J.K. 1976. Effect of climate on performance of Holsteins in first lactation. J. Dairy Sci. 59: 965-973.
Mills, J.A. and Kung, J.L. 2002. The effect of delayed ensiling and application of a propionic acid-based additive on the fermentation of barley silage. J. Dairy Sci. 85: 1969-1975.
Moselhy, M.A., Borba, J.P. and Borba, A.E.S. 2015. Improving the nutritive value, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of Hedychium gardnerianum silage through application of additives at ensiling time. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 206: 8-18.
Mulligan, F.J., O’Mara, F.P., Rath, M., Caffery, P.J., Callan, J. and Flynn, B. 1999. Factors affecting the feeding value of maize and grass silage in late lactation dairy cows. In Proc. Br. Soc. Anim. Sci. pp: 79.
Nazli, M.H., Halim, R.A., Abdullah, A.M., Hussin, G. and Samsudin, A.A. 2019. Potential of four corn varieties at different harvest stages for silage production in Malaysia. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 32: 224–232.
NRC. 2001. Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th Rev ed. National Research Council. National Academy press, Washington DC.
NRC. 2005. Mineral Tolerance of Animals. National Research Council. National Academy, Washington DC.
O’Kiely, P. and Moloney, A.P. 2000. Nutritive value of maize and grass silage for beef cattle when offered alone or in mixtures. In Proc. Agric. Res. Forum. pp: 99-100.
O’Mara, F.P., Fitzgerald, S., Murphy, J.J. and Rath, M. 1998. The effect on milk production of replacing grass silage with maize silage in the diet of dairy cows. Livest. Prod. Sci. 55: 79-87.
Phipps, R.H., Sutton, J.D., Beever, D.E. and Jones, A.K. 2000. The effect of crop maturity on the nutritional value of maize silage for lactating dairy cattle, food intake and milk production. J. Anim. Sci. 71: 401-409.
Playne, M.J. and McDonald, P. 1966. The buffering constituents of herbage and of ensilage. J. Sci. Food Agric. 17: 264–268.
Queiroz, O.C., Arriola, K.G., Daniel, J.L. and Adesogan, A.T. 2013. Effects of 8 chemical and bacterial additives on the quality of corn silage. J. Dairy Sci. 96: 5836-5843.
Seglar, B. 2003. Fermentation analysis and silage quality testing. In Proceedings of the Minnesota Dairy Health Conference. College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, USA, pp: 119-136.
Sharma, V.C., Mahesh, M.S., Mohini, M., Datt, C. and Nampoothiria, V.M. 2014. Nutrient utilisation and methane emissions in Sahiwal calves differing in residual feed intake. Arch. Anim. Nutr. 68: 345-357.
Sheperd, A.C. and Kung, L. 1996. An enzyme additive for corn silage: Effect on silage composition and animal performance. J. Dairy Sci. 79: 1760.
Siddque, M.A.B., Sarker, N.R., Hamid, M.A., Amin, M.N. and Sultana, M. 2015. Growth performance, feed conversion ratio and economics of production of native and crossbred (local× Holstein Friesian) bulls for fattening under different improved feeding. J. Agric. Sci. Technol. A5: 770–780.
Singh, A., Kumar, M., Kumar, V., Roy, D., Kushwaha, R., Vaswani, S. and Kumar, A. 2019. Effect of nickel supplementation on liver and kidney function test and protein metabolism in growing cattle. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. India Sec. B Biol. Sci. doi.org/10.1007/s40011-019-01087-9.
Singh, P. 1997. Feeding Management Studies on Green Forage Proportions in the Ration of Lactating Crossbred Cows. MVSc thesis submitted to National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal, India.
Singh, S. 2016. Effect of Feeding Biomethanated Spent Wash on Growth and Nutrient Utilization in Growing Cattle. MVSc thesis submitted to U. P. Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Pashu Chikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go-Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU), Mathura (Uttar Pradesh), India.
Singh, S., Kumar, M., Kumar, V., Roy, D., Kushwaha, R., Vaswani, S., Singh, Y. and Singh, S.K. 2016. Evaluation of molasses based biomethanated distillery spent wash as an alternative feed for growing cattle. Indian J. Anim. Nutr. 33: 388-393.
Sniffen, C.J., O’Connor, J.D., Van Soest, P.J., Fox, D.G. and Russell, J.B. 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets, carbohydrate and protein availability. J. Anim. Sci. 70: 3562-3577.
Talapatra, S.K., Roy, S.C. and Sen, K.C. 1940. The analysis of mineral constituents in biological materials. Estimation of phosphorus, chlorine, calcium, manganese, sodium and potassium in foodstuffs. Indian J. Vet. Sci. Anim. Husb.10: 243.
Van Soest, P.J. 1994. Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant, 2nd edn. Comstock Publishing Associates/Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA, pp: 476.
Van Soest, P.J., Robertson, J.B. and Lewis, B.A. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74: 3583–3597.
Varadyova, Z., Kisidayova, S., Laukova, A. and Jalc, D. 2010. Influence of inoculated maize silage and sunflower oil on the in vitro fermentation, ciliate population and fatty acid outputs in the rumen fluid collected from sheep. Czech J. Anim. Sci. 55: 105-115.
Wang, J., Wang, J.Q., Zhou, H. and Feng, T. 2009. Effects of addition of previously fermented juice prepared from alfalfa on fermentation quality and protein degradation of alfalfa silage. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 151: 280-290.
Weatherburn, M.W. 1967. Phenol Hipochlorite Reaction for Determination of Ammonia. Anal. Chem. 39: 971-974.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright remains with the society and author jointly. However, material can be used for research, teaching and to achieve goals of the society.
