Sustainable Poultry Production : Enhancing heat stress resilience through Nutritional Management
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Authors
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Dr Parag Acharya
Scientist (LPM), RRTTS, OUAT, BHAWANIPATNA
https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1176-4527
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Dr Kumaresh Behera
Assistant Professor (LPM)
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8707-4691
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Dr Kamdev Sethy
Assistant Professor (Animal Nutrition)
-
Dr Niranjan Panda
Dean of Research, OAUT, Bhubaneswar
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Dr Neela Madhav Patnaik
Scientist (Agricultural Extension)
Keywords:
Poultry, Heat stress, Nutritional management, Climate changeAbstract
Poultry production is a vital aspect of agricultural economy worldwide providing affordable and high quality protein source. However, heat stress acts as a significant threat to poultry production, particularly in tropical region. Heat stress affects growth, reproduction, immunity and overall productivity of poultry birds. Poultry are highly susceptible to heat stress due to their high metabolism, absence of sweat gland and feather covered bodies. Acute and chronic heat stress results in various physiological disruption and increased mortality. There are many strategies to mitigate the heat stress in poultry. Among of which, nutritional management seems to be easy, affordable by farmers and most effective. Nutritional management include supplementation of electrolytes, vitamins and minerals, probiotic and in ovo feeding. Electrolyte supplementation helps maintain acid-base balance and hydration, while vitamins A, C and E improve egg production, hatchability and overall health. Probiotics such as Bacillus spp. play a crucial role in gut health, immune modulation and stress resilience. Dietary plant extracts, such as rosemary and boldo leaf, provide antioxidant support that helps poultry cope with heat stresss. In ovo feeding can improve thermo tolerance by promoting optimal embryonic growth before hatch. Additional approaches such as controlled feed restriction, wet mash feeding, dietary fat supplementation and specific amino acid fortification have also been shown to help reduce negative impact of heat stress. Ongoing research into these nutritional and management strategies remains crucial for strengthening poultry adoptability and sustaining performance in the case of increasing environmental temperature. Poultry production is a vital aspect of agricultural economy worldwide providing affordable and high quality protein source. However, heat stress acts as a significant threat to poultry production, particularly in tropical region. Heat stress affects growth, reproduction, immunity and overall productivity of poultry birds. Poultry are highly susceptible to heat stress due to their high metabolism, absence of sweat gland and feather covered bodies. Acute and chronic heat stress results in various physiological disruption and increased mortality. There are many strategies to mitigate the heat stress in poultry. Among of which, nutritional management seems to be easy, affordable by farmers and most effective. Nutritional management include supplementation of electrolytes, vitamins and minerals, probiotic and in ovo feeding. Electrolyte supplementation helps maintain acid-base balance and hydration, while vitamins A, C and E improve egg production, hatchability and overall health. Probiotics such as Bacillus spp. play a crucial role in gut health, immune modulation and stress resilience. Dietary plant extracts, such as rosemary and boldo leaf, provide antioxidant support that helps poultry cope with heat stresss. In ovo feeding can improve thermo tolerance by promoting optimal embryonic growth before hatch. Additional approaches such as controlled feed restriction, wet mash feeding, dietary fat supplementation and specific amino acid fortification have also been shown to help reduce negative impact of heat stress. Ongoing research into these nutritional and management strategies remains crucial for strengthening poultry adoptability and sustaining performance in the case of increasing environmental temperature.
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References
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