Effect of Organic Copper, Zinc and Manganese Supplementation on Growth, Immunity and Hatchability of Egg in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
159 / 27
Authors
-
A. K. Satapathy
OUAT
-
S. K. Das
-
K. Sethy
-
R. K Swain
-
S. K. Mishra
-
K. Behera
-
S. Pati
Keywords:
Growth, Hatchability, Immunity, Organic mineralsAbstract
To assess the effect of organic copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) supplementation on immunity and hatchability, 405 six week old Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were randomly distributed into nine dietary treatment groups and the experiment continued till the period up to 13th week. The dietary treatments were T0:100 % inorganic minerals (Cu, Zn and Mn); T1: 100 % organic minerals (Cu, Zn and Mn); T2:  100 % inorganic Zn and Cu with 100 % organic Mn; T3: 100 % inorganic Zn and Cu with 50 % organic Mn and 50% inorganic Mn; T4 : 100 % inorganic Zn and Mn with 100 % organic Cu; T5 : 100 % inorganic Zn and Mn with 50 % organic Cu and 50% inorganic Cu; T6 : 100 % inorganic Mn and Cu with 100 % organic Zn; T7 : 100 % inorganic Mn and Cu with 50 % organic Zn and 50% inorganic Zn; T8 : 50 % organic Zn, Cu and Mn with 50 % inorganic Zn, Cu and Mn.  Basal diets were supplemented with Cu, Zn and Mn at the levels of 5, 25 and 60 ppm, respectively. Results revealed that supplementation of organic Cu, Zn and Mn had no effect on growth rate, blood chemistry and weight of lymphoid organs, but the hatchability of eggs and cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity response were significantly (P<0.05) higher in 100% organic supplemented groups as compared to other groups. So, it may be concluded that supplementation of 100% organic copper, zinc and manganese improved the immunity and hatchability of eggs in Japanese quail.
References
Abdallah, A.G., El-Husseiny, O.M. and Abdel-Latit, K.O. 2009. Influence of some dietary organic mineral supplementations on broiler performance. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 8: 291-198.
Aksu, D.S., Asku, T., Ozsoy, B. and Baytok, E. 2010. The effects of replacing inorganic with a lower level of organically complexed minerals (Cu, Zn and Mn) in broiler diets on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense systems. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 23: 1066 – 1072.
Allgower, M., Schoenenberger, G.A. and Sparkes, B.G.1995. Burning the largest immune organs. Burns. 21: 7-47.
AOAC. 1995. Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed., Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington, D.C. USA.
Badawy, E.M., Edrise, B.M. and Al-Wakeel, A.M. 1987. The relationship between quality, egg constituents and hatchability of the eggs of Hubbard broiler breeders, a field study. J. Vet. Med. 35 :105-115
BIS. 1992. Bureau of Indian Standards. Poultry Feeds Specification, 4th rev. ed. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
Dozier, W. A., Davis, A. J., Freeman, M. E. and Ward, T. L. 2003.Early growth and environmental implications of dietary zinc and copper concentrations and sources of broiler chicks.Br. Poult. Sci. 44:726–731.
Duncan, D.B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple “F†tests. Biometrics. 11: 1-42
Edelman, A.S., Sachez, P.I., Robinson, M.E., Hochwalad, G.M. and Thorbecke, G.J. 1986 Primary and secondary swelling response to phytohaemagglutinin as a measure of immune competence in chickens. Avian Dis. 30: 105-111.
Feng, J., Ma, W.Q., Niu, H.H., Wu, X.M.,Wang, Y. and Feng, J. 2010. Effects of zinc glycine chelate on growth, hematological, and immunological characteristics in broilers. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 133:203-211.
Hudson, B.P., Dozier, W.A. and Wilson, J.L. 2004. Broiler live performance response to dietary zinc source and the influence of zinc supplementation in broiler breeder diets. Egypt. Poult. Sci. J. 118: 329-335.
Idowu, O.M.O., Ajuwon, R.O., Oso, A.O. and Akinloye, A.O. 2011. Effect of zinc supplementation on laying performance, serum chemistry and Zn residue in tibia bone, liver.excreta and egg shell of laying hens. Int. J. Poult. Sci. 10: 225-230.
Kidd, M.T., Ferket P.R. and Qureshi, M.A. 1996. Zinc metabolism with special reference to its role in immunity World Poult. Sci. J. 52: 309-324.
Kienholz, E.W., Turk, D.E., Sunde, M.L. and Hoekstra, W.G. 1961. Effect of zinc deficiency in the diets of hens. J. Nutr. 75: 211-221.
Leeson, S.2003. A new look at trace mineral nutrition of poultry: Can we reduce the environmental burden of poultry manure? Pages 125-129 in Nutritional Biotechnology in the Feed and Food Industries. Proc. Alltech’s 19th Ann. Symp. T. P. Lyons and K. A. Jacques, Ed. Nottingham Univ. Press Nottingham, UK.
Moghaddam, H.N. and Jahanian, R. 2009. Immunological responses of broiler chicks can be modulated by dietary supplementation of zinc methionine in place of inorganic zinc sources. Asia-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 22:396-403
Nollet, L., Klis, J.D., Lensing, M. And Spring, P. 2007. Effect of replacing inorganic with organic trace minerals in broiler diets on productive performance and mineral excreation. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 16: 592-597.
Parak, Tomas and Strakova, E. 2011. Zinc as a feed supplement and its impact on plasma cholesterol concentrations in breeding cocks. Acta Vet. Brno. 80: 281–285.
Richards, J.D., Zhao, J., Robert, J.H., Cindy, A.A. and Julia, J.D. 2010. Trace mineral nutrition in poultry and swine. Asia-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 23: 1527-1534
Rossi, P., Rutz, F., Anciuti, M.A., Rech, J.L. and Zauk, N.H.F. 2007. Influence of graded levels of organic Zinc on growth performance and carcass traits of broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 16: 219-225.
Scheideler, S.E. 1991. Interaction of dietary calcium, manganese and manganese source (manganese oxide or manganese methionine chelate) on chick performance and manganese utilization. Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 29: 217–223.
SPSS. 2008. Statistical Packages for Social Sciences, Version 17.0, SPSS Inc., Illinois, USA
Swiatkiewicz, S., Arczewskawlosek, A. and Jozefiak, D. 2014. The efficacy of organic minerals in poultry nutrition: review and implications of recent studies. World Poult. Sci. J. 70: 475-486.
Talapatra, S.K., Ray, S.C. and Sen, K.C. 1940. The analysis of mineral constituents in biological materials. 1. Estimation of phosphorus, chloride, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium in food stuff. Indian J. Vet. Sci. Anim. Husb. 10: 243-258.
Zhao, J., Shirley, R.B., Vazquez-Anon, M., Dibner, J.J., Richards, J.D., Fisher, P., Hampton, T., Christensen, K.D., Allard, J.P. and Giesen, A.F. 2010. Effect of chelated trace minerals on growth performance, breast meat yield, and footpad health in commercial meat broiler. J. Appl. Poult. Res.19: 365-372.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright remains with the society and author jointly. However, material can be used for research, teaching and to achieve goals of the society.
