Phytosociological studies on weeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the middle Indo-Gangetic plains
![](/public/icon/gor.png)
![](/public/icon/pdf.png)
Keywords:
Importance Value Index, Phytosociology, Relative abundance, Relative frequency, Weed floraAbstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the second most important food crop of India next to rice but wheat fields are generally infested with a large number of weeds. Due to their highly competitive ability and allelopathic interference, weeds cause irreversible damage to the crop. The weed inventory surveys and phytosociological studies in wheat fields were conducted in Patna district of Bihar during 2016–18 to identify the weed flora composition, density, frequency and Importance Value Index of 30 major weed species in wheat. In this study, Asteraceae was found as the largest family in respect of weed species, whereas Poaceae and Leguminosae jointly occupied the second position in terms of number of weed species. Phytosociological studies further revealed that Phalaris minor (6.21) and Cynodon dactylon (5.32) have larger relative frequency among other weed species while Chenopodium album and Avena fatua have larger relative abundance in the study area. Studies on relative density of weeds revealed that densities of Phalaris minor (7.06) and Chenopodium album (5.39) were higher over other weed species and similar trends were also observed in respect of Importance Value Index of weeds. The study will be helpful in planning of weed management strategies in wheat crop in the respective area through which the losses in wheat yield could be minimized.Downloads
References
Bibi K B, Marwat Gul Hassan and Noor Maula Khan. 2008. Effect of herbicides and wheat population on control of weeds in wheat. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research 14: 111–9.
Bonham C D. 2013. Measurements for Terrestrial Vegetation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.,USA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118534540
Duary B, Mukherjee A and Bhowmick M K. 2015. Phytosociological attributes of weed flora in major crops of red and lateritic belt of West Bengal. Indian Journal of Weed Science 47(1): 89–92.
Ilias S Travlos, Nikolina Cheimona, Ioannis Roussis and Dimitrios J Bilalis. 2018.Weed-species abundance and diversity indices in relation to tillage systems and fertilization. Frontiers of Environmental Science, April 2018 (https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00011). DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00011
Iqbal Muhammad, Khan Shujaul Mulk, Khan, Muhammad Azim, Ahmad Zeeshan and Ahmad Habib. 2018. A novel approach to phytosociological classification of weeds flora of anagroecological system through Cluster, Two Way Cluster and Indicator. Ecological Indicators 84: 590–606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2017.09.023
Kumari Ranjana. 2016. Survey of weed flora and the ecological study on weeds adjacent to Jai Prakash University Campus, Chapra (Saran), Bihar. American Journal of Research Communication 4(7): 35–45.
Kumar Sanjeev, Shivani, Mishra J S, Kumar Santosh, Kumar Ujjwal and Bharati R C. 2018. Efficacy of pre- and post- emergence herbicides on complex weed flora in direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa) in the eastern plains. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 88(3): 387–92.
Marwat K B Z, Hussain B Gul, M Saeed and S Din. 2006. Survey on weed problems in wheat crop in district Mardan. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research 12(4): 353–8.
Marques L J P, Silva M R M, Lopes G S, Correa M J P, Araiyo M S, Costa E A and Muniz F H. 2011. Phytosociology of weeds in cowpea and cassava crops under the slash- and - burn with plow. Planta Daninha 29: 981–89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582011000500004
Mileo L J, Silva J F, Albertino S M F, Lette B N Menezes D S and Santos A F. 2016. Phytosociology of weeds in cultivation of two varieties of cassava. Planta Daninha 34(2): 387–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582016340200008
Murty P P. 2009. Studies on weed flora of crop fields of North Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India. Ph D thesis, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh.
Oad F C, Siddiqui M H and Buriro U A. 2007. Growth and yield losses in wheat due to different weed densities. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 6: 173-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2007.173.176
Pragada P M and Venkaiah M. 2012. Phytosociological attributes of weed flora in major crops of north coastal Andhra Pradesh, India. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science 18(1): 107–26.
Roger Nkoa, Micheal D K Owen and Clarence J Swanton. 2015. Weed abundance, distribution, diversity, and community analyses. Weed Science 63 Special Issue: 64–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1614/WS-D-13-00075.1
Sinha M K. 2017. Studies on weed diversity and its associated phytosociology under direct dry seeded rice systems in Koria District (C.G.) India. Advances in Plants and Agriculture Research 7(2): 246‒52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15406/apar.2017.07.00248
Singh R and Singh B. 2004. Effect of irrigation time and weed management practices on weeds and wheat yield. Indian Journal of Weed Science 36: 25–27.
Tiwari Anushree, Sahu Pankaj K, Shrivastava Atul K and Thomas Moni. 2014. Plant diversity and distribution of weeds in winter season crops of agro-ecosystems in Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh.Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences 5(2): 251–59.
Tesfay Amare, Sharma J J and Kassahun Zewdie. 2014. Effect of weed control methods on weeds and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield. World Journal of Agricultural Research 2: 124–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12691/wjar-2-3-7
Zimdahl R L. 2007. Fundamentals of Weed Science. 3rd edn. Academic Press, USA: pp 1–689.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
The copyright of the articles published in The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences is vested with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, which reserves the right to enter into any agreement with any organization in India or abroad, for reprography, photocopying, storage and dissemination of information. The Council has no objection to using the material, provided the information is not being utilized for commercial purposes and wherever the information is being used, proper credit is given to ICAR.