Crop yield, water use efficiency and economic assessment of purple broccoli (Brassica oleracea) across varied water and nitrogen management practices

B KIRUTHIGA; MAN SINGH; MANOJ KHANNA; SHRAWAN SINGH; C M PARIHAR; K K BANDYOPADHYAY; S NARESH KUMAR; JITENDRA RAJPUT; KISHOR N

doi:10.56093/ijas.v93i11.141395

Authors

B KIRUTHIGA ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
MAN SINGH ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
MANOJ KHANNA ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
SHRAWAN SINGH ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
C M PARIHAR ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
K K BANDYOPADHYAY ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
S NARESH KUMAR ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
JITENDRA RAJPUT ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
KISHOR N ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v93i11.141395

Keywords:

Drip fertigation, Purple broccoli, Profitability, Water use efficiency, Yield

Abstract

Inefficient management of irrigation and fertilizers emerges as the primary hurdle constraining the crop performance, profitability of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) production, resource wastage and environmental harm. To address this issue, a field experiment was conducted during winter (rabi) seasons of 2020–21 and 2021–22 at the research farm of ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The research focused on investigating the effect of irrigation techniques and nitrogen management on broccoli yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and economic feasibility. The two main irrigation methods of drip irrigation and furrow irrigation as main factor, 2 irrigation regimes of full irrigation (100% ETC) and limited irrigation (75% ETC) as sub-factor, 3 nitrogen doses (N) of 125, 100 and 75% recommended dose of N as sub-sub factor were given and replicated thrice. The study aimed to analyse the yield, water use efficiency and assessment of economics under diverse irrigation water and N-management approaches. Under drip irrigation the mean yield and water-use efficiency shown substantial increase by 12 and 52% in comparison with furrow irrigated purple broccoli grown under the same condition. The highest benefit to cost (B:C) ratio of 3.81 and 4.79 was obtained in the treatment DRI₁N₁ during 2020–21 and 2021–22, respectively. Undoubtedly, the significance of adequate irrigation regime (100% ETC) and optimal N dose (125% RDN) became apparent, as they played significant roles in enhancing crop performance and ensuring the attainment of maximum broccoli yield, WUE and economics in Trans-Gangetic Plains region.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ambomsa A. 2020. Role of drip irrigation system as increasing water use efficiency over furrow irrigation system. Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Research 8 (3): 252–62.

Aziz M, Rizvi S A, Iqbal M A, Syed S, Ashraf M, Anwer S, Usman M, Tahir N, Khan A, Asghar S and Akhtar J. 2021. A sustainable irrigation system for small landholdings of rainfed Punjab, Pakistan. Sustainability 13(20): 11178. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011178

Bazai N A, Tahir M, Zhu M, Shah L and Ali A. 2015. Effect of trickle and furrow irrigation methods with water saving and turnip yield. Academic Research Journal of Agricultural Science and Research 3(6): 121–27.

Brahma S, Phookan D B, Kachari M, Hazarika T K and Das K. 2010. Growth, yield and economics of broccoli under different levels of nitrogen fertigation. Indian Journal of Horticulture 67(4): 279–82.

Erdem T, Arın L, Erdem Y, Polat S, Deveci M, Okursoy H and Gultaş H T. 2010. Yield and quality response of drip irrigated broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) under different irrigation regimes, nitrogen applications and cultivation periods. Agricultural Water Management 97(5): 681–88. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2009.12.011

Fanish S A, Muthukrishnan P and Santhi P. 2011. Effect of drip fertigation on field crops–A review. Agricultural Reviews 32(1): 14–25.

FAO. 2009. Cropwat 8.0 for Windows User Guide. Rome, Italy. Gomez K A and Gomez A A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for

Agricultural Research. John wiley and sons.

Himanshu S K, Singh A K, Kumar S and Kalura P. 2013. Response of broccoli to irrigation scheduling and methods under drip, sprinkler and surface irrigation. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 2(4): 777–82.

Jat R A, Wani S P, Sahrawat K L, Singh P and Dhaka P L. 2011. Fertigation in vegetable crops for higher productivity and resource use efficiency. Indian Journal of fertilizers 7(3): 22–37.

Job M, Rusia D K and Singh V K. 2018. Effect of drip irrigation and plastic mulch on yield, water use efficiency of cauliflower.

Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 7(1S): 2556–60.

Kapoor R, Sandal S K, Sharma S K, Kumar A and Saroch K. 2014. Effect of varying drip irrigation levels and NPK fertigation on soil water dynamics, productivity and water use efficiency of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) in wet temperate zone of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Soil Conservation 42(1): 19.

Kumar R and Khanna R. 2019. Comparative study of different irrigation methods on tomato crop (Lycopersicon esculentum) in western Uttar Pradesh, India. International Journal of Chemical Studies 7: 59–64.

Kumari A, Patel N and Mishra A K. 2018. Response of drip irrigated broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in different irrigation levels and frequencies at field level. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10(1): 12–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i1.1570

Lamichhane S, Paudel H P and Devkota N. 2022. Evaluation of efficiency of surface irrigation scheme–a case of manushmara irrigation system of Nepal. Irrigation and Drainage Systems Engineering 11: 10.

Moreno D A, Perez-Balibrea S, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo A and Garcia-Viguera C. 2010. Acylated anthocyanins in broccoli sprouts. Food Chemistry 123(2): 358–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.04.044

Patra S K, Poddar R, Pramanik S, Gaber A and Hossain A. 2022. Crop and water productivity and profitability of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) under gravity drip irrigation with mulching condition in a humid sub-tropical climate. Plos one 17(3): e0265439. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265439

Paul J C, Mishra J N, Pradhan P L and Panigrahi B. 2013. Effect of drip and surface irrigation on yield, water use-efficiency and economics of capsicum (capsicum annum L.) grown under mulch and non-mulch conditions in eastern coastal India. European Journal of Sustainable Development 2(1): 99–108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2013.v2n1p99

Qureshi A, Gadehi M and Mahessar A. 2015. Effect of drip and furrow irrigation systems on sunflower yield and water use efficiency in dry area of Pakistan. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science 10: 1947–52.

Ranjitha P S, Ramulu V, Jayasree G and Reddy S N. 2018. Growth, yield and water use efficiency of groundnut under drip and surface furrow irrigation. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7(09): 1371–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.709.164

Reddy R N. 2010. Irrigation Engineering. Gene-tech books, New Delhi, India.

Saha T, Basfore S, Choudhury R S, Sikder S and Debnath M K. 2023. Effect of date of planting and spacing on growth and yield of sprouting broccoli (B. Oleraceae (L.) var. Italica plenck) cv. Green magic. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 14(7): 1067–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2023.3584b

Singh R, Kumar S, Nangare D D and Meena M S. 2009. Drip irrigation and black polyethylene mulch influence on growth, yield and water-use efficiency of tomato. African Journal of Agricultural Research 4(12): 1427–30.

Tagar A, Chandio F A, Mari I A and Wagan B. 2012. Comparative study of drip and furrow irrigation methods at farmer's field in Umarkot. International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering 6(9): 788–92.

Tanaskovik V, Cukaliev O, Romic D and Ondrasek G. 2011. The influence of drip fertigation on water use efficiency in tomato crop production. Agriculturae Conspectus Scientificus 76(1): 57–63.

Vasu D and Reddy M S. 2013. Effect of fertigation on yield, quality, nutrient uptake, fertilizer and water use efficiency in cabbage (Brassica oleracea). Agropedology 23(2): 106–12.