Assessment of black rot (Xanthomonas campestris) of cabbage (Brassica oleracea) in East Khasi Hills, Meghalaya

SUDHARSHAN KERALAPURA  RAMACHANDRA; PRANAB  DUTTA; MANIKANNAN  PARTHIBAN; PRAVEEN  GUMACHANAMARDI

doi:10.56093/ijas.v94i7.142761

Authors

SUDHARSHAN KERALAPURA RAMACHANDRA College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences (Central Agriculture University, Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya 793103, India
PRANAB DUTTA College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences (Central Agriculture University, Imphal), Umiam, Meghalaya 793103, India
MANIKANNAN PARTHIBAN Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir
PRAVEEN GUMACHANAMARDI ICAR-Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Umiam, Meghalaya

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i7.142761

Keywords:

Black rot, Cabbage, Disease incidence, Per cent disease index, Xanthomonas campestris

Abstract

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) holds significant economic importance in Meghalaya, thriving in its high altitude and cool climate. East Khasi Hills (EKH) district, where cabbage cultivation remains viable throughout the year, contributes 70% of the state's total cabbage production. A severe outbreak of cabbage black rot, caused by Xanthomonas campestris p.v. campestris, has raised concerns in this region. To comprehensively understand the outbreak and assess its economic impact, an extensive disease survey was conducted across 6 districts of Meghalaya, with a particular focus in the EKH during 2021–22 and 2022–23. The survey was on different cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis), radish (Raphanus sativus L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), and knol khol (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes). It was found that on an average, Meghalaya experiences a disease incidence (DI) of a 52.7% and per cent disease index (PDI) of 30.9% for black rot in cabbage. However, in the EKH, highest disease incidence (69.98%) and PDI (43.38%) of black rot was recorded in cabbage, that surpassed knol khol and cauliflower. Highest DI and severity were observed during monsoon season. Further analysis revealed significant correlations (r) between black rot incidence and severity in cabbage with temperature (0.91), humidity (0.87) and rainfall (0.88). Additionally, multiple regression predictive model performed using weather parameters and DI led to the prediction of PDI with accuracy of 95% in EKH.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bila J O A O, Mortensen C N, Wulff G E and Mondjana A M. 2009. Cabbage production and black rot disease management by smallholder farmers in southern Mozambique. African Crop Science Conference Proceedings 9: 667–71.

Burlakoti R R, Chen J R, Hsu C F, Burlakoti P and Kenyon L. 2018. Molecular characterization, comparison of screening methods, and evaluation of cross-pathogenicity of black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) strains from cabbage, choy sum, leafy mustard and pak choi from Taiwan. Plant Pathology 67(7): 1589–1600.

Dhar S and Singh D. 2014. Performance of cauliflower genotypes for yield and resistance against black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris). Indian Journal Horticulture 71: 197–201.

Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Meghalaya. 2020. The Statistical Handbook of Meghalaya.

Gupta M, Vikram A and Bharat N. 2013. Black rot-A devastating disease of crucifers: A review. Agricultural Reviews 34(4): 269–78.

India Meteorological Department, Meteorological Centre, Shillong. 2023. Composite Agromet Advisory Service Bulletin.

Jarial K and Shyam K R. 2004. Black rot of cauliflower in relation to meteorological factors. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences 6: 113–17.

Jensen B D, Massomo S M, Swai I S, Hockenhull J and Andersen S B. 2005. Field evaluation for resistance to the black rot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in cabbage (Brassica oleracea). European Journal of Plant Pathology 113: 297–308.

Kocks C G, Zadoks J C and Ruissen M A. 1999. Spatio-temporal development of black rot (X. campestris pv. campestris) in cabbage in relation to initial inoculum levels in field plots in The Netherlands. Plant Pathology 48(2): 176–88.

Laala S, Cesbron S, Kerkoud M, Valentini F, Bouznad Z, Jacques M A and Manceau C. 2021. Characterization of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in Algeria. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 60(1): 51–62.

Meena P D, Mehta N and Saharan G S. 2021. Minor pathogens: A worldwide challenge to cultivation of crucifers. Agricultural Research Journal 58(4): 557–80.

Sharma B B, Kalia P, Singh D and Sharma T R. 2017. Introgression of black rot resistance from Brassica carinata to cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis group) through embryo rescue. Frontiers in Plant Science 8: 1255.

Silva J C, Silva Júnior T A F, Soman J M, Tomasini T D, Sartori, M M P and Maringoni A C. 2017. Survival of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of weeds. Plant Pathology 66(9): 1517–26.

Singh D, Rathaur P S and Vicente J G. 2016. Characterization, genetic diversity and distribution of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris races causing black rot disease in cruciferous crops of India. Plant Pathology 65(9): 1411–18.

Vicente J G and Holub E B. 2013. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (cause of black rot of crucifers) in the genomic era is still a worldwide threat to brassica crops. Molecular Plant Pathology 14(1): 2–18.

Williams P H. 1985. Black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campetris) (Pammel) Down. Crucifer Genetic Cooperative, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.