Electrical conductivity based algorithm for precise application of liquid nitrogenous fertilizers

RAMKISHOR  KURMI; SATISH DEVRAM  LANDE; INDRA  MANI; KAPIL ATMARAM  CHOBHE; ROAF AHMAD  PARRAY; RAJEEV  KUMAR; LALIT  BIRLA; SUKANTA  DASH

doi:10.56093/ijas.v94i8.149590

Authors

RAMKISHOR KURMI ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
SATISH DEVRAM LANDE ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
INDRA MANI Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani, Maharashtra
KAPIL ATMARAM CHOBHE ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
ROAF AHMAD PARRAY ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
RAJEEV KUMAR ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012, India
LALIT BIRLA ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi
SUKANTA DASH ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i8.149590

Keywords:

Electrical conductivity, Liquid nitrogenous fertilizers, Regression model

Abstract

Precise application of nitrogenous fertilizers mainly urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) and granular urea (both pure and neem-coated) in aqueous form, is critically important for basal and foliar applications. The physicochemical properties of aqueous solution of these nitrogenous fertilizers plays important role in design of any liquid fertilizer application system. The study was carried out during 2019–20 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi with an aim to develop algorithms for use in sensors-based systems for real time monitoring of available N concentration in the fertilizer solution before its application. The physicochemical properties like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), specific gravity (SG), dynamic viscosity (DV), surface tension (ST) and percentage light absorbance (LA) of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN-28%), pure urea, and neem coated urea in diluted form (pre-selected N-concentrations i.e. 0.78, 0.9, 1.08, 1.33, 1.75, 2.54 and 4.67% corresponding to the dilution ratios of 1:35, 1:30, 1:25, 1:20, 1:15, 1:10 and 1:05) were measured and analyzed for their significance with N-concentration. Electrical conductivity (EC) alone showed a significant relationship with N-concentrations. Prediction models were developed for diluted UAN and granular urea fertilizers based on the EC and N-concentrations. The regression models in terms of EC to predict N-concentration had coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.998, 0.998, and 0.999 for diluted UAN, pure urea, and neem coated urea with water, respectively showed a great potential for their sensor based precise application. The controlled application of diluted liquid fertilizers with water can be achieved through sensing relevant physicochemical property.

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