Soil enzymatic activity and pyroxasulfone residues under in situ paddy (Oryza sativa) straw management in wheat (Triticum aestivum)

PARDEEP  GOYAL; PERVINDER  KAUR; MAKHAN SINGH  BHULLAR

doi:10.56093/ijas.v96i6.163453

Authors

PARDEEP GOYAL Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India
PERVINDER KAUR Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India
MAKHAN SINGH BHULLAR Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141 004, India

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v96i6.163453

Keywords:

Alkaline phosphatase, Dehydrogenase, Herbicide residues, Pyroxasulfone, Urease

Abstract

Managing paddy residues without burning and weeds particularly Phalaris minor have been foremost challenges in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.)–wheat system in north-western India. Short wheat sowing window compels farmers to burn paddy residues, wasting a ‘nutrient storehouse’. Hence, to overcome the challenge, different seeding machines (for straw incorporation and surface retention) were evaluated along with herbicide pyroxasulfone. While straw retention enhances soil organic matter, the potential of herbicide residues to negatively impact soil health necessitates the investigation. The current study was carried out to investigate the effect of in situ paddy residue management methods, wheat varieties and of pyroxasulfone herbicide on soil health via soil enzymatic activities during winter (rabi) season of 2021–22 and 2022–23 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab. The two wheat varieties (namely PBW 869 and 766) were sown with four in situ paddy residue management machines (Smart seeder, PAU Happy seeder, Super and Mittar seeder) having variable paddy residue management
scenarios and sprayed with pyroxasulfone 127.5 kg/ha and kept unsprayed as well. All paddy residue management methods and wheat varieties exhibited similar dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and urease activities indicating seeding machines and varieties did not adversely affect soil microbial functions. Pyroxasulfone application temporarily inhibited the dehydrogenase (8.2%) and alkaline phosphatase activity (5.0%) at 60 days after herbicide application suggesting short term suppression of microbial response following herbicide mobilisation into soil solution whereas urease activity remained unaffected. Harvest-time pyroxasulfone residues in soil, wheat grain and wheat straw were all below the detectable limit (<0.01 μg/g). It can be concluded that integration of pyroxasulfone is an ecologically safe and effective tool for weed management in straw retention wheat production systems.

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