Characterisation of antagonistic actinomycetes against Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing stem canker on dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.)

HANH THI DIEU  NGUYEN; ANH THU  THI MA; NGOC AN  NGUYEN; TAN VIET  PHAM

doi:10.56093/ijas.v96i6.166497

Authors

HANH THI DIEU NGUYEN Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
ANH THU THI MA Department of Science and Technology, Ba Ria - Vung Tau Province, Vietnam, 78055
NGOC AN NGUYEN Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 727010
TAN VIET PHAM Institute of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 727010

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v96i6.166497

Keywords:

Antifungal, Dragon fruit, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Pitahaya, Streptomyces

Abstract

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.) is a high-value crop in tropical and subtropical agriculture; however, its productivity is severely constrained by stem canker and fruit rot induced by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum. The present study was conducted to investigate the sustainable biocontrol strategies to mitigate phytopathological challenge caused by N. dimidiatum on dragon fruit. Fifty (n=50) actinomycete isolates were evaluated out of which 36 exhibited antagonistic effects against N. dimidiatum. Among them, strain CNXK121 exhibited the highest antifungal potency. Based on morphological characterisation and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, strain CNXK121 was identified as Streptomyces plicatus (100% sequence identity) and designated as Streptomyces spp. CNXK121. The antagonistic activity of CNXK121 was attributed to its production of cell-wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs), specifically chitinase and
protease, alongside the emission of inhibitory volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Microscopic observations revealed that CNXK121 treatments effectively suppressed conidial germination and induced marked mycelial distortions in N. dimidiatum. Furthermore, in vivo assays on dragon fruit stems and fruits further confirmed the efficacy of Streptomyces spp. CNXK121 in reducing disease severity. These results highlight the potential of Streptomyces spp. CNXK121 as a robust biological control agent (BCA) for integrated disease management and the sustainable cultivation of Hylocereus spp. in Vietnam.

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