Genotype x environment interaction analysis for yield and its components in wheat under different agro-climatic zones of Bihar

Abstract

To expedite wheat production level, zone-specific varieties should be identified using robust stability parameters and policymakers should ensure wheat growers about recommended variety. A genotype-by-environment (G×E) interaction was performed using 15 elite wheat genotypes to identify competitive genotypes stable for yield and its attributes across eight diverse locations representing all three subzones of Bihar state, India, during 2023--2024. The study employed comprehensive statistical approaches including stability analysis, phenotypic correlation, and heritability estimation to understand trait relationships and genetic control. Across locations, strong positive correlations were observed between grain yield and yield components like tillers per square meter, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. High heritability was found for all studied traits indicated strong genetic control. Eberhart and Russell (1966) stability model estimated analysis of variance revealing the significant effects of genotype, environment and their interaction on yield. This model identified DBW303, RAUW106, DBW327 and BRW3922 as stable and high-yielding across environments. RAUW120 suited to favorable environments Pusa, Piprakothi and Purnea and DBW187 suited to less favorable environments Madhepura, Sabour, Tilondha, Islampur and Mokama. The Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model further confirmed significant contribution of genotype, environment and their interaction towards yield variation where environments contributed the major portion 51.28%, 17.85%, and 30.87% of total variation. AMMI biplot analysis revealed that RAUW106, DBW303, DBW327, BRW3922, and RAUW120 as stable genotypes across environments. Findings of this study will promote promising genotypes to particular zone towards attaining sustainable wheat production.