Soluble starch synthase activity in relation to thermal tolerance of developing wheat (Triticum aestivum, Triticum durum) and maize (Zea mays) grains

ANITA KUMARI; VIJAY PAUL; RAKESH PANDEY; M C GHILDIYAL

doi:10.56093/ijas.v84i7.41995

Authors

ANITA KUMARI Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012
VIJAY PAUL Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012
RAKESH PANDEY Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012
M C GHILDIYAL Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110 012

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v84i7.41995

Keywords:

Grain growth, Maize, Soluble starch synthase, Thermotolerance, Wheat

Abstract

Triticum aestivum (var HD 2987), T. durum (var HD 4719) and Zea mays (var HQPM 7) were exposed to control (C) and elevated (E) temperature (2.1-3.8°C higher) in open top chambers during post anthesis period. Soluble starch synthase (SSS) activity in the developing grains and grain yield components at maturity were determined in C and E grown plants. Excised developing grains at 20 DAA (days after anthesis) of ambient grown T. aestivum (var HD 2987), T. durum (var HD 4719) and Zea mays (var HQPM 7, HM 10 and DHM 117) were also incubated at 25, 35 and 45°C for 2 hours and then analysed for the activities of SSS. The kinetic parameters of SSS in the grains of ambient grown plants were also determined. The study revealed a higher catalytic efficiency and relatively thermostable SSS in maize grains compared to wheat. Among tested wheat varieties, aestivum wheat showed a better thermostability of SSS in vitro and in vivo than durum wheat. An association of thermostability of SSS and thermotolerance for grain growth was indicated. The above observation of a highly efficient and relatively thermostable SSS in maize grains may possibly be utilized for improving thermotolerance of SSS and grain growth in wheat. The improved thermotolerance for grain growth in wheat will go a long way in enhancing wheat productivity, which suffers heavy losses due to frequent hot winds during grain filling period.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bandyopadhyay A, Datta K, Zhang J, Yang W, Raychaudhuri S, Miyao M, and Datta S K. 2007. Enhanced photosynthesis rate in genetically engineered indica rice expressing pepc gene cloned from maize. Plant Science 172: 1 204–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2007.02.016

Bradford M M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72: 248–54. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3

Fischer R A and Maurer R. 1978. Drought resistance in spring wheat cultivars I. Grain yield response. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 29: 897–907. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/AR9780897

George W S, Roshie B and Keeling P L. 1994. Heat stress during grain filling in maize. Effects on carbohydrate storage and metabolism. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 21: 829– 41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9940829

Ghildiyal M C and Sharma-Natu P. 2000. Photosynthetic acclimation to rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 38: 961–6.

Howard A. 1924. Crop Production in India. Oxford University Press, London.

Kowles R V, Walch M D, Minnerath J M, Bernacchi C J, Stec A O, Rines H W and Phillips R W. 2008. Expression of C4 photosynthetic enzymes in oat-maize chromosome addition lines. Maydica 53: 69–78.

Kynast R G, Riera-Lizarazu O, Vales M I, Okagaki R J, Maquieira S B, Chen G, Ananiev E V, Odland W E, Russell C D, Stec A O, Livingston S M, Zaia H A, Rines H W and Phillips R L. 2001. A complete set of maize individual chromosome additions to the oat genome. Plant Physiology 125: 1 216–27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.125.3.1216

Laurie D A and Bennett M D. 1986. Wheat × maize hybridization. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytogenetics 28: 313–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/g86-046

Laurie D A and Bennett M D. 1989. The timing of chromosome elimination in wheat x maize crosses. Genome 32: 953–61. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/g89-537

Leadley P W and Drake B G. 1993. Open top chambers for exposing plant canopies to elevated CO2 concentration and for measuring net gas exchange. Vegetatio 104/105: 3–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00048141

Leloir L E and Goldenberg S H. 1960. Synthesis of glycogen from uridine diphosphate glucose in liver. Journal of Biological Chemistry 235: 919–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)69451-7

Li D W, Qio J W, Ouyang P, Yao Q X, Dawei L D, Jiwen Q, Ping O and Qingxiao Y. 1996. High frequencies of fertilization and embryo formation in hexaploid wheat × Tripsacum dactyloides crosses. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 92: 1 103–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00224056

Munns R and Tester M. 2008. Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology 59: 651–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092911

Pandey R, Kumari A, Paul V and Ghildiyal M C. 2012. An efficient and thermostable soluble starch synthase in developing maize grains. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 82: 548– 51.

Prakash P, Sharma-Natu P and Ghildiyal M C. 2003. High temperature effect on starch synthase activity in relation to grain growth in wheat cultivars. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 8: 390–8.

Prakash P, Sharma-Natu P and Ghildiyal M C. 2004. Effect of different temperature on starch synthase activity in excised grains of wheat cultivars. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 42: 227–30.

Prakash P, Kumari A, Singh D V, Pandey R, Sharma-Natu P and Ghildiyal M C. 2009. Starch synthase activity and grain growth in wheat cultivars under elevated temperature: A comparison of responses. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology 14: 364-9.

Ravi I, Khan F A, Sharma-Natu P and Ghildiyal M C. 2001. Yield response of durum (Triticum durum) and bread wheat (T. aestivum) varieties to carbon dioxide enrichment. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 71: 444–9.

Rijven A H G C. 1986. Heat inactivation of starch synthase in wheat endosperm tissue. Plant Physiology 81: 448–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.81.2.448

Sharma-Natu P and Ghildiyal M C. 2005. Potential targets for improving photosynthesis and crop yield. Current Science 88: 1 918–28.

Sharma-Natu P, Sumesh K V and Ghildiyal M C. 2010. Heat shock protein in developing grains in relation to thermotolerance for grain growth in wheat. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Sciences 196: 76–80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2009.00390.x

Singh C. 1983. Modern Techniques of Raising Field Crops. Oxford & IBH Publishers, New Delhi.

Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt K B, Tignor M and Miller H L. 2007. Climate change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Sumesh K V, Sharma-Natu P and Ghildiyal M C. 2008. Starch synthase activity and heat shock protein in relation to thermal tolerance of developing wheat grains. Biologia Plantarum 52: 749–53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-008-0145-x

Zeeman S C, Kossmann J and Smith A M. 2010. Starch: Its metabolism, evolution and biotechnological modification in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology 61: 209–34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042809-112301