Evaluation of postharvest physiological deterioration in storage roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta) genotypes

SARAVANAN RAJU; ROY STEPHEN; VELUMANI RAVI; SHEELA MADHAVI NEELAKANTAN; JAYANTIKUMAR MAKASANA; SWARUP KUMAR CHAKRABARTI

doi:10.56093/ijas.v85i10.52251

Authors

SARAVANAN RAJU Senior Scientist, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 017
ROY STEPHEN Principal Scientist, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 017
VELUMANI RAVI Associate Professor, College of Agriculture, Vellayani
SHEELA MADHAVI NEELAKANTAN Principal Scientist, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695 017
JAYANTIKUMAR MAKASANA Research Scholar, SV National Institute of Technology, Ichchanath, Surat, Gujarat
SWARUP KUMAR CHAKRABARTI Director, ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i10.52251

Keywords:

Cassava, Evaluation, Postharvest physiological deterioration, Storage roots

Abstract

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important tropical root crop grown worldwide for food, feed and industrial purposes. Harvested cassava roots quickly deteriorate and loose the shelf-life due to a phenomenon called postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD). PPD symptom starts within 24 hr after harvest, initially as blue black discolouration in the storage parenchyma and quickly spread to entire root. The roots become unfit for consumption within 2-3 days after the harvest in most cases. Identification of delayed PPD genotypes in cassava will help breed superior varieties tolerant to deterioration with long shelf-life. Low molecular weight phytochemicals produced during PPD are reported to have significant role in PPD development. We analyzed the biochemical changes associated to secondary metabolites in 61 cassava genotypes during storage and evaluated the relationship with PPD. PPD evaluation was done visually at specified intervals by taking transverse sections at 25, 50 and 75% along length of roots from proximal to distal end and the roots were categorized into different PPD classes based on the visual scoring. Root morphological, starch, and carotene content had no direct correlation with PPD. The HPTLC chromatographic data on phytoconstituents of methanolic extract of cassava roots and its relation with PPD symptoms were analyzed and polymorphic bands were assessed for grouping the genotypes based on PPD expression levels. Cluster analysis revealed a close association between PPD expression and phytochemical constituents of stored roots and this can help to categorize the genotypes based on PPD.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bayoumi S A, Rowan M G, Beeching J R and Blagbrough I S. 2010. Constituents and secondary metabolite natural products in fresh and deteriorated cassava roots. Phytochemistry 71(5): 598–604. Booth R H 1975. Cassava storage Series EE. Centro International de Agricultura Tropical Cali Colombia, p 18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.10.012

Buschmann H, Rodriguez, M X, Tohme J, and Beeching J R. 2000. Accumulation of hydroxycoumarins during post-harvest deterioration of tuberous roots of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Annals of Botany 86: 1 153–60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/anbo.2000.1285

Edwards R, Stones S M, Gutierrezmellado M C and Jorrin J. 1997. Characterization and inducibility of a scopoletindegrading enzyme from sunflower. Phytochemistry 45: 1 109– 14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00122-2

Gloria L and Uritani I. 1984. Changes in â-carotene content of golden yellow cassava in relation with physiological deterioration. Tropical Root Crops. (In) Postharvest Physiology and Processing, pp 163–8. Japan Scientific Societies Press. Tokyo, Japan.

Hirose S, Data E S, Quevedo M A and Uritani I. 1984. Relation between respiration and postharvest deterioration in cassava roots. Japan Journal of Crop Sciences 53: 187–96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.53.187

Iglesias C, Mayer J, Chavez L and Calle F. 1997. Genetic potential and stability of carotene content in cassava roots. Euphytica 94(3): 367–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1002962108315

Kawano K and Rojanaridpiched C. 1983. Genetic study on postharvest root deterioration in cassava. Kasetsart Journal 17: 14–26.

Moorthy S N and Padmaja G. 2002. A rapid method for determination of starch in cassava tubers. Journal of Root Crops. 28: 31–8.

Morante N, Sánchez T, Ceballos H, Calle F, Pérez J, Egesi, C C, Cuambe C E, Escobar A F, Ortiz D, Chávez A L, Fregene M. 2010. Tolerance to postharvest physiological deterioration in cassava roots. Crop Science 50: 1 333–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2009.11.0666

Oirschot Q, O’Brien G M, Dufour D, El-Sharkawy M A, Mesa E. 2000. The effect of pre-harvest pruning of cassava upon root deterioration and quality characteristics. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 80: 1 866–73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0010(200010)80:13<1866::AID-JSFA718>3.0.CO;2-H

Plumbley R A and Richard J E. 1991. Post-harvest deterioration of cassava. Tropical Science 31: 295–303.

Ravi V and Aked J. 1996. Review on tropical root and tuber crops. II. Physiological disorders in freshly stored roots and tubers. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 36: 711–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408399609527745

Reilly K, Bernal D, Cortés D F, Gómez-Vásquez R, Tohme J and Beeching J R. 2007. Towards identifying the full set of genes expressed during cassava postharvest physiological deterioration. Plant Molecular Biology 64: 187–203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-007-9144-0

Reilly K, Yuanhuani H, Thome J and Beeching J. 2001. Isolation and characterization of a cassava catalase expressed during post-harvest physiological deterioration. Biochimica Biophysica Acta 15: 317–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4781(01)00195-6

Reilly K, Góomez-Váasquez R, Buschmann H, Tohme J and Beeching J R. 2004. Oxidative stress responses during cassava post-harvest physiological deterioration. Plant Molecular Biology 56(4): 625–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-005-2271-6

Rickard J E. 1981. Biochemical changes involved in the postharvest deterioration of cassava roots. Tropical. Science 23: 235–7.

Rickard J E. 1985. Physiological deterioration in cassava roots. Journal of Science, Food and Agriculture 36: 167–76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740360307

RStudio. 2014. RStudio: Integrated development environment for R (Version 0.98.1074) [Computer software]. Boston, MA. Retrieved Oct 14, 2014.

Rudi N, Norton G W, Alwang J and Asumugha G. 2010. Economic impact analysis of marker-assisted breeding for resistance to pests and post-harvest deterioration in cassava. African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 4: 110–22.

Salcedo A and Siritunga A. 2011. Insights into the physiological, biochemical and molecular basis of postharvest deterioration in cassava (Manihot esculenta) roots. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture 1: 414–31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEA/2011/784

Salcedo A, Del Valle A, Sanchez B, Ocasio V, Ortiz A, Marquez P, Siritunga, D 2010. Comparative evaluation of physiological post-harvest root deterioration of 25 cassava (Manihot esculenta) accessions: visual vs. hydroxycoumarins fluorescent accumulation analysis. African Journal of Agricultural Research 5: 3 138–44.

Sánchez T, Chávez A L, Ceballos H, Rodriguez-Amaya D B, Nestel P and Ishitani M. 2006. Reduction or delay of postharvest physiological deterioration in cassava roots with higher carotenoid content. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 86: 634–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2371

Sayre R, Beeching J R, Cahoon E B, Egesi C, Fauquet C, Fellman J, Fregene M, Gruissem W, Mallowa S and Manary M. 2011. The BioCassava plus program: biofortification of cassava for sub-Saharan Africa. Annual Review of Plant Biology 62: 251–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042110-103751

Schulz H and Baranska M. 2007. Identification and quantification of valuable plant substances by IR and Raman spectroscopy. Vibrational Spectroscopy 43: 13–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2006.06.001

Tanaka Y, Data E S, Hirose E S, Taniguchi T and Uritani I. 1983. Biochemical changes in secondary metabolites in wounded and deteriorated cassava roots. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 47: 693–700. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1983.10865717

Uarrota V G, Moresco R, Coelho B, da Costa Nunes E, Peruch L A M, de Oliveira Neubert E and Maraschin M. 2014. Metabolomics combined with chemometric tools (PCA, HCA, PLS-DA and SVM) for screening cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) roots during postharvest physiological deterioration. Food Chemistry 161: 67–78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.110

Uritani I, Data E S, Villegas R J, Flores P, Hirose S. 1983. Relationship between secondary metabolism changes in cassava root tissue and physiological deterioration. Agriculture and Biological Chemistry 47: 1 591–58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1983.10865806

Wenham J E. 1995. Post-harvest deterioration of cassava: a biotechnological perspective. FAO, Rome.

Westby A. 2002. Cassava utilization, storage and small-scale processing. (In) Cassava Biology, Production and Utilization, p 480. Hillocks R J, Thresh J M and Bellotti A C (Eds.) CABI Publishing Oxfordshire, UK. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851995243.0281

Wheatley C and Schwabe W. 1985. Scopoletin involvement in postharvest deterioration of cassava roots (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Journal of Experimental Botany 36: 783–91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/36.5.783

Wheatley C C and Gomez G. 1985. Evaluation of some quality characteristics in cassava storage roots. Qual. Plant 35: 121– 9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01092127