Response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes to different tillage practices for improving productivity and seed quality in eastern Indo-Gangetic plains of India

HARDEV RAM; RAJIV K SINGH; GOVIND PAL; RAKESH KUMAR; M R YADAV; T YADAV

doi:10.56093/ijas.v87i10.74929

Authors

HARDEV RAM
RAJIV K SINGH
GOVIND PAL
RAKESH KUMAR
M R YADAV
T YADAV

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v87i10.74929

Keywords:

Net returns, Seed quality, Tillage, Wheat genotypes

Abstract

Quality seed, water, labour scarcity, rising cost of cultivation, diminishing farm profits and indecisive weather conditions are major challenges faced by the farmers under intensive tillage based conventional rice-wheat production
system of eastern Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP). To address these challenges from last few years, conservation agriculture (CA) based crop management practices are being developed, demonstrated and promoted in the region. The field
experiments were carried out during the winter (rabi) season of 2012-13 and 2013-14 at Indian Institute of Seed Science, Kushmaur, Mau, Uttar Pradesh to evaluate the effect of different tillage practices and genotypes on yield attributes, seed yield, seed quality, and economics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Experiment was laid out in split-plot design consisting of 3 tillage systems, viz. Zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT) and raised beds (RB) as main-plots and 6 genotypes (KRL 213, HD 2733, PBW 550, HD 2967, KRL 210 and DBW 39) as sub-plots treatments and replicated thrice. Results revealed that among the tillage methods, the highest mean seed and biological yield (4.82 and 10.36 tonnes/ha) were found under ZT followed by CT (4.68 and 10.25 tonnes/ha) and least in RB (3.34 and 7.61tonnes/ha), respectively. Among the genotypes, HD 2967 showed significantly higher mean seed and biological yield (4.72 and 10.28 tonnes/ha) over KRL 210 (3.76 and 8.92 tonnes/ha), PBW 550 (4.10 and 8.95 tonnes/ha) and HD 2733 (4.24 and 9.48 tonnes/ha), respectively. However, genotypes KRL 213 (4.46 and 9.88 tonnes/ha) and DBW 39 (4.42 and 9.42 tonnes/ha) were found on par with HD 2967. The highest tillers/m2 as well as effective tillers/m2 was recorded under ZT system with HD 2967 genotype. However, the highest seeds/spike, spike length and test weight
were found under RB system with genotype HD 2967. There were no significant differences between the tillage systems concerning seed quality parameters, viz. germination %, seedling length, seedling dry weight, vigour index I and II. Moreover, the genotype HD 2967 showed significant difference among all seed quality parameters except germination (%) which was on par with HD 2733, KRL 213 and PBW 550. The maximum mean net returns was recorded under ZT (Rupees 75 500/ha) followed by CT (Rupees 65 600/ha) and RB (Rupees 41 100/ha). The total net gain in income due to adoption of ZT system wasÂ Rupees 17 300 andÂ Rupees 39 400/ha as compared to CT and RB, respectively.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

HARDEV RAM

Scientist, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal.
RAJIV K SINGH

Senior Scientist, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi 110 012.
GOVIND PAL

Senior Scientist, ICAR-IISS, Kushmaur, Mau.
RAKESH KUMAR

Senior Scientist, Indian Institute of Seed Science, Kushmaur, Mau, Uttar Pradesh 275 103
M R YADAV

Scholar, Agronomy, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal.
T YADAV

Scholar, Agronomy, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal.

References

Abdul–Baki AA and Anderson J D. 1973. Vigur determination in soybean by multiple criteria. Crop Science 13: 630–3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1973.0011183X001300060013x

Alvarez R and Steinbach H S. 2009. A review of the effects of tillage systems on some soil physical properties, water content, nitrate availability and crops yield in the Argentine Pampas. Soil and Tillage Research 104: 1–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2009.02.005

Ambika S, Manonmani V and Somasundaram G. 2014. Review on effect of seed size on seedling vigour and seed yield. Research Journal of Seed Science 7(2): 31–8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/rjss.2014.31.38

Anonymous. 2015. Economic Survey, pp 48-50, Government of India.

Bauer P J, Frederick J R, Busscher W J and Van S E. 2002. Optimizing conservation tillage production: soil specific effects of management practices on cotton, soybean and wheat. Proceedings of 25th Annual Southern Conservation Tillage Conference for Sustainable Agriculture. 24 - 26 June 2002. Auburn, AL, USA, pp 382–5.

Buchi L, Amosse C, Wendling M, Sinaj S and Charles R. 2015. Introduction of no till in a long term experiment on soil tillage in Switzerland. Aspects of Applied Biology 128: 49–56.

Cochran W G and Cox G M. 1957. Experimental Designs. Asia Publishing House, New Delhi.

Derpsch R. 1999. Frontiers of conservation tillage and advances in conservation practice. Paper presented at the 10th ISCO Conference, 24-28 May 1999, West Lafayette.

Franchini J C, Crispino C C, Souza R A, Torres E and Hungria M. 2007. Microbiological parameters as indicators of soil quality under various soil management and crop rotation systems in Southern Brazil. Soil and Tillage Research 92: 18–29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2005.12.010

Gathala M K, Kumar V, Sharma P C, Saharawat Y S, Jat H S, Singh M, Kumar A, Jat M L, Humphreys E, Sharma D K, Sharma S and Ladha J K. 2013. Optimizing intensive cereal- based cropping systems addressing current and future drivers of agricultural change in the northwestern Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment 177: 85–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.06.002

Gathala M K, Ladha J K, Saharawat Y S, Sharma P K, Sharma S and Pathak H. 2011. Tillage and crop establishment affects sustainability of South Asian rice–wheat system. Agronomy Journal 103: 961–71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0394

ISTA. 1993. International rules for seed testing. Seed Science and Technology 21: 288–96.

Jat M L, Gathala M K, Saharawat Y S, Tetarwal J P and Gupta R K. 2013. Double no-till and permanent raised beds in maize– wheat rotation of north-western Indo-Gangetic Plains of India: Effects on crop yields, water productivity, profitability and soil physical properties. Field Crop Research 149: 291–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.04.024

Jat R K, Sapkota T B, Singh R G, Jat M L, Kumar M and Gupta R K. 2014. Seven years of conservation agriculture in a rice-wheat rotation of Eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia: Yield trends and economic profitability. Field Crop Research 164: 199–210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.04.015

Joshi A K, Chand R, Arun B, Singh R P and Ortiz R. 2007. Breeding crops for reduced-tillage management in the intensive, rice-wheat systems of South Asia. Euphytica 153: 135–51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9249-6

Kharub A S, Chatrath R and Shoran J. 2008. Performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes in alternate tillage environments. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 78: 884–6.

Munoz R V, Benitez-Vega J, Lopez-Bellido L and Lopez-Bellido R J. 2010. Monitoring wheat root development in a rainfed vertisol: Tillage effect. European Journal of Agronomy 33(3): 182–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2010.05.004

Ram H, Singh R K, Pal G and Prasad S R. 2015. Seed yield and economic profitability affected by tillage and genotypes in wheat of eastern IGP of India. Journal of Agroecology and Natural Resource Management 2: 296–8.

Reynolds M, Dreccer F and Trethowan R. 2007. Drought-adaptive traits derived from wheat wild relatives and landraces. Journal of Experimental Botany 58: 177–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erl250

Seednet. 2016. http://seednet.gov.in/material/indianseedsector.htm. (Accessed on 27/12/2016).

Yadav S K, Lal S K, Yadav S and Tonapi V A. 2014. An overview of seed enhancement technologies for sustainable agricultural production. Seed Research 42(1): 1–24.

Zamir M S I, Ahmad Azraf-ul-Haq and Javeed H M R. 2010. Comparative performance of various wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars to different tillage practices under tropical conditions. African Journal of Agricultural Research 5(14): 1799–1803.