Snow trout fishes (Schizothorax spp.) of the Asiatic region: A review enlightening distribution, diversity and conservation issue

Abstract

Snow trouts form an important group of food fishes in Asia, renowned for their nutritive values with high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), amino acids and micronutrients which are highly beneficial to human health. They primarily
inhabitat pristine highland rivers, streams and lakes. In Asia, 45 species of snow trouts belonging to genus Schizothorax have been described. The current production of snow trout largely comes from capture fisheries. Several natural and anthropogenic factors have
adversely impacted their habitats leading to their population decline over the past decade, and IUCN has categorised the group as ‘Vulnerable’. This paper documents scientific studies carried out across Asia on the taxonomy, biology, biotechnology, biochemistry, spawning and reproductive behaviour of snow trouts. Original GIS resource maps of 24 species, with valid photographs have been prepared to illustrate the potential distribution and type locality of each species within their respective aquatic ecosystems. The review also provides information on strategies for the conservation and rehabilitation of these fishes. It is expected that this review will serve as a comprehensive resource, offering valuable information about snow trout fishes in the Asiatic region on a single platform.

Keywords: Conservation, GIS, Highland, Schizothorax, Snow trout, Taxonomy