Body weight prediction models of Macrognathus pancalus (Hamilton, 1822) from morphometric traits using principal component analysis: Body weight prediction models of Macrognathus pancalus

Surendra Kumar Ahirwal; Jaspreet Singh; Tarkeshwar Kumar; Vivekanand Bharti; Kamal Sarma; Ravi Kumar; Shailendra Raut

doi:10.21077/ijf.2024.71.2.142252-03

Authors

Surendra Kumar Ahirwal ICAR-RCER
Jaspreet Singh ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna
Tarkeshwar Kumar ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna
Vivekanand Bharti ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna
Kamal Sarma ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna
Ravi Kumar ICAR- Mahatma Gandhi Integrated Farming Research Institute, Motihari, Bihar
Shailendra Raut ICAR-National Research Centre for Makhana, Darbhanga

https://doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2024.71.2.142252-03

Keywords:

Body measurements. Meristic counts. Prediction model. Macrognathus pancalus

Abstract

In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the body weight of barred spiny eel based on morphologic traits. Ten morphometric characters and five meristic counts were measured for 38 specimens, ranging in standard length from 77.80 to 149.60 mm and 2.02 to 17.89 g in weight. All the data sets were standardised using the z-transformation
method. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test was performed to measure the sample adequacy level, which was found to be 0.85. The significance of the correlation matrix in all traits was tested with Bartlett’s test of sphericity, which was found to be significant (χ2 = 793.360, df = 105, p<0.01). Four of the fifteen principal components (PCs) explained around 85% of the total variation. The first principal component (PC1) contributed 57.52% of the total variation and was represented by significant positive high-loading factors for pre-dorsal (PDL), pre-anal (PAL), and standard length (SL). The second principal component (PC2) explained 10.90% of the total variation and was represented by significant positive high-loading factors for anal fin rays (AFR) and dorsal fin rays (DFR). The third and fourth principal components explained 9.26 and 7.41% of total variation and showed high loading factors for pectoral fin (PFR), and caudal fin rays (CFR), respectively. The estimated communalities ranged from 0.658 for eye diameter (ED) to 0.978 for pre-dorsal fin length (PDL). The species’ body weight was predicted using stepwise multiple regression of interdependent morphometric traits and four extracted PCs. Stepwise multiple regression revealed that a combination of three interdependent variables, such as pre-dorsal length (PDL), body depth (BD), and post-orbital length (POL), to be the best to predict the body weight of species based on the coefficient of determinant value (r2 = 93). Therefore, the study confirms that the species’ body weight is function of the three interdependent variables rather than orthogonal variables.

Keywords: Body measurements. Macrognathus pancalus, Meristic counts. Prediction model

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bartlett, M. S. 1951. The effect of standardization on a Chi-square approximation in factor analysis. Biometrika, 38: 337-344.

Cakmak, E. and Alp, A. 2010. Morphological differences among the Mesopotamian spiny eel, Mastacembelus mastacembelus populations. Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., 1087-92.

Datta, M. J. S. and Srivastava, M. P. 1988. Natural history of fishes and systematics of fresh water fishes of India. Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi.

Day, F. 1876. The fishes of India being a natural history of the fishes known to inhabit the seas and fresh waters of India, Burma, and Ceylon. Bernard Quaritch, London.

Delling, B., Crivelli, A. J., Rubin, J. F. and Berrebi, P. 2000. Morphological variation in hybrids between Salmo marmoratus and alien Salmo species in the Volarja Stream, Soca River Basin. J. Fish. Biol., 57: 199-212.

Duong, T., Tran, L. V. D., Nguyen, N. T. T., Jamaluddin, J. A. F. and Azizah, M. N. S. 2020. Unravelling taxonomic ambiguity of the Mastacembelidae in the Mekong Delta through DNA barcoding and morphological approaches. Trop. Zool., 33: 63-76.

Eschmeyer, W. N. and Fong, J. D. 2023. Species of fish family/subfamily. https://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/SpeciesByFamily.asp#mastacembelidae [Accessed 26 June 2023].

Fazazi, A. O. T., Abayomi, J. A., Olabode GA. and Adejumoke, A. L. 2019. Sexual dimorphism in body weight, morphometric measures and indices of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Aquaculture, 502: 148-152.

Hamilton, F. 1822. An account of fishes found in the Ganges and its branches. Archibald Constable Company, Edinburg.

IUCN. 2023. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/166542/6232710#assessment information. [Accessed 26 June 2023]

Jayaram, K. C. 2010. The freshwater fishes of the Indian region. Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi.

Kaiser, H. F. 1970. A second generation Little Jiffy. Psychometrika, 35: 401-415.

Kaiser, H. F. 1974. An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrics, 39: 31-36.

Luxinger, A. O., Cavali, J., Porto, M. O., Sales-Neto, H. M., Lago, A. A. and Frietas, R. T. F. 2018. Morphometric measurements applied in the evaluation of Arapaima gigas body components. Aquaculture, 489: 80-84.

Mahfuj, M. S., Khatun, A., Boidya, P. and Samad, M. A. 2019. Meristic and morphometric variations of barred spiny eel Macrognathus pancalus populations from Bangladeshi freshwaters: an insight into landmark-based truss network system. Croat. J. Fish., 77: 07-18.

Nath, P. and Dey, S. C. 2000. Fish and fisheries of north eastern India. Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi.

Oga, D. M. 2010. Application of factor analysis scores in a multiple linear regression model for the prediction of live weight in immature west African dwarf goat. Philipp. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 36: 167-174.

Patra, A. K. and Datta, T. 2013. Occurrence of regenerated tail in Indian freshwater spiny eel, Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton, 1822 (Teleostei: Mastacembelidae) in northern West Bengal, India. Turk. J. Zool., 37: 519-522.

Serajuddin, M. and Ali, R. 2005. Food and feeding habits of striped spiny eel, Macrognathus pancalus. Indian. J. Fish., 52: 81-86.

SPSS. 2001. Statistical Package for Social Sciences. SPSS Inc., 444 Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IL60611, USA.

Talwar, P. K and Jhingran, A. G. 1991. Inland fishes of India and adjacent countries. Oxford and IBH Publishers, New Delhi.

Valsalan, J., Sadan, T. and Venketachalapathy, T. 2020. Multivariate principal component analysis to evaluate growth performances in Malabari goats of India. Trop. Anim. Health. Prod., 52: 2451-2460.

Yakubu, A. and Okunsebor, S. A. 2011. Morphometric differentiation of two Nigerian fish species (Oreochromis niloticus and Lates niloticus) using principal components and discriminant analysis. Int. J. Morphol., 29: 1429-1434.