Assessment of marine fish stocks within India’s ExclusiveEconomic Zone: Status report 2022

Rajan Kumar; Gyanaranjan Dash; M. Muktha; Geetha Sasikumar; U. Ganga; Shoba Joe Kizhakudan; Anulekshmi Chellappan; Santosh Bhendekar; Sandhya Sukumaran; Sujitha Thomas; Eldho Varghese; E. M. Abdussamad; Jose Josileen; Swatipriyanka Sen Dash; Shikha Rahangdale; Lakshmi Pillai; L. Remya; Akhilesh K.V.; Rekha Devi Chakraborty; K.M. Rajesh; T. M. Najmudeen; Somy Kuriakose; Mini K.G; G. B. Purushottama; M. Kavitha; R. Vidya; D. Ajay  Nakhawa; R. Vinothkumar; Subal Kumar  Roul; Mahesh V.; Livi Wilson; Indira  Divipala; Jasmin F.; Abdul Azeez P.; S. Surya; Koya  Mohamed; H. M. Manas; Vinay Kumar Vase; M. Rajkumar; A.P. Dineshbabu; P. T. Sarada; V. Venkatesan; Rekha J. Nair; Rajesh Kumar Pradhan; P. Gomathi; Sunil Kumar S. Ail; A.Margaret Muthu Rathinam; P. Laxmilatha; Prathibha Rohit; Shubhadeep Ghosh; J. Jayasankar; A. Gopalakrishnan

doi:10.21077/ijf.2024.71.1.149732-01

Authors

Rajan Kumar ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Gyanaranjan Dash RC of CMFRI, Visakhapatnam
M. Muktha ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Geetha Sasikumar ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
U. Ganga ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Shoba Joe Kizhakudan ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Anulekshmi Chellappan ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Santosh Bhendekar ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Sandhya Sukumaran ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Sujitha Thomas ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Eldho Varghese ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
E. M. Abdussamad ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Josileen Jose ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Swatipriyanka Sen Dash ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute,
Shikha Rahangdale ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Lakshmi Pillai ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
L. Remya ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Akhilesh K.V. ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Rekha Devi Chakraborty ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
K.M. Rajesh ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
T. M. Najmudeen ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Somy Kuriakose ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Mini K.G ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
G. B. Purushottama ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
M. Kavitha ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
R. Vidya ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
D. Ajay Nakhawa ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
R. Vinothkumar ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Subal Kumar Roul ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
V. Mahesh ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Livi Wilson ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Indira Divipala ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
F. Jasmin ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
P. Abdul Azeez ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
S. Surya ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Koya Mohamed ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
H. M. Manas CAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Vinay Kumar Vase ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
M. Rajkumar ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
A.P. Dineshbabu ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
P. T. Sarada ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
V. Venkatesan ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Rekha J. Nair ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Rajesh Kumar Pradhan ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
P. Gomathi ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Sunil Kumar S. Ail ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
A.Margaret Muthu Rathinam ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
P. Laxmilatha ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Prathibha Rohit ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Shubhadeep Ghosh Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan - II, Pusa, New Delhi-110 012, India
J. Jayasankar ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
A. Gopalakrishnan ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

https://doi.org/10.21077/ijf.2024.71.1.149732-01

Abstract

India is one of the major fishing nations in the Indian Ocean, with commercial marine fish
landings in the country comprising of nearly 1000 species. A comprehensive and periodic
assessment of the stocks is crucial for achieving the goals of sustainable fisheries harvest
and management. The ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ministry of
Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare, Govt. of India, is mandated to monitor and assess the
marine fisheries resources in the Indian EEZ. In the present study, 135 stocks across 70
species were assessed using monthly length-frequency data. The health status of the stock
is projected based on a combination of indicators such as relative biomass or spawning
stock biomass (B/Bmsy or SSB/SSB0) and relative fishing pressure (F/Fmsy) estimated using
a standard length-based dynamic pool model (i.e., Thompson and Bell Model). Based on
the comparison of estimated values of indicators against the thresholds, the stocks were
classified as sustainable, overfishing, overfished and rebuilding. The study revealed that
91.1% of the assessed fish stocks have a healthy biomass level (sustainable stocks and
those subjected to overfishing), 8.2% of stocks are overfished, whereas 0.7% are in the
process of rebuilding.

Biology-based, Healthy stocks, Length-frequency,
Stock assessment, Sustainable, Tropical

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Rajan Kumar, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, Veraval Regional Station of ICAR-CMFRI
Gyanaranjan Dash, RC of CMFRI, Visakhapatnam

Scientist, Crustacean Fisheries Division
M. Muktha, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Senior Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, Visakhapatnam Regional Centre, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Geetha Sasikumar, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Principal Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
U. Ganga, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Principal Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Shoba Joe Kizhakudan, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Principal Scientist and Head of Finfish Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Anulekshmi Chellappan, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Senior Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, Calicut Regional Station, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Santosh Bhendekar, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, Mumbai Regional Station, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Sandhya Sukumaran, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Principal Scientist, Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Sujitha Thomas, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Principal Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, Mangalore Regional Centre of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Eldho Varghese, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Senior Scientist, Fisheries Resource Assessment, Economics and Extension Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
E. M. Abdussamad, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Principal Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Josileen Jose, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Principal Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Swatipriyanka Sen Dash, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute,

Senior Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, Puri FC of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Shikha Rahangdale, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, Veraval Regional Station of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Lakshmi Pillai, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Principal Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
L. Remya, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, Mandapam Regional Centre, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Akhilesh K.V., ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, Calicut Regional Station, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Rekha Devi Chakraborty, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Principal Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division,ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
K.M. Rajesh, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Principal Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, ICAR-Mangalore Regional Centre of Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
T. M. Najmudeen, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Principal Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Somy Kuriakose, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Principal Scientist, Fisheries Resource Assessment, Economics and Extension Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Mini K.G, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Principal Scientist, Fisheries Resource Assessment, Economics and Extension Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
G. B. Purushottama, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Senior Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, Karwar Regional station of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute.
M. Kavitha, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, Tuticorin Regional station of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute.
R. Vidya, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Senior Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
D. Ajay Nakhawa, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, ICAR-Mumbai Regional Station of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
R. Vinothkumar , ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, ICAR-Tuticorin Regional Station of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Subal Kumar Roul, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, Digha Regional Station of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
V. Mahesh, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, Karwar Regional Station of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Livi Wilson, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Indira Divipala, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, Visakhapatnam Regional Centre of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
F. Jasmin, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, Visakhapatnam Regional Centre of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
P. Abdul Azeez, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, Veraval Regional Station of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
S. Surya, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, Vizhinjam Regional Centre of ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Koya Mohamed, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Senior Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
H. M. Manas, CAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Senior Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, Visakhapatnam Regional Centre, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Vinay Kumar Vase, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Senior Scientist, Fisheries Resource Assessment, Economics and Extension Division, Veraval Regional Station of ICAR-CMFRI
M. Rajkumar, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, Mandapam Regional Centre, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
A.P. Dineshbabu, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Principal Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, Mandapam Regional Centre, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
P. T. Sarada, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Retired Principal Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, Madras Regional Station, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
V. Venkatesan, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Principal Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, Mumbai Regional Station, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Rekha J. Nair, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Principal Scientist, Marine Biodiversity and Environment Management Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Rajesh Kumar Pradhan, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, Puri FC, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
P. Gomathi, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, Vizhinjam Regional Centre, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Sunil Kumar S. Ail, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, Mangalore Regional Centre, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
A.Margaret Muthu Rathinam, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Principal Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, Madras Regional Station, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
P. Laxmilatha, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Principal Scientist, Shellfish Fisheries Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
Prathibha Rohit, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

Retired Principal Scientist, Finfish Fisheries Division, Karwar Regional Station, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute
Shubhadeep Ghosh, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan - II, Pusa, New Delhi-110 012, India

Assistant Director General (Marine Fisheries), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan - II, Pusa, New Delhi-110 012, India
J. Jayasankar, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

Principal Scientist, Head of Fisheries Resource Assessment, Economics and Extension Division, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India
A. Gopalakrishnan, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

The Director, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682018, India

References

Akhilesh, K. V.,Kizhakudan, S. J., Muktha, M., Najmudeen, T. M.,Thomas, S., Karnad, D., Sutaria, D., Fernandes, M., Gupta, T., Namboothri, N., Patankar, V., Dash, S. S., Varghese, Sijo P., Biju Kumar, A., Barnes, A., Bineesh, K. K., John, S., Gangal, M., Manjebrayakath, H., Malayilethu, V., Tyabji, Z.,Vaz, M., Sukumaran, S., Purushottama, G. B., Wilson, L., Mahesh, V.., Nair, R. J.,Remya, L., Rahangdale, S., Manojkumar, P. P., Sivakumar, K., Vivekanandan, E., Zacharia, P. U. and Gopalakrishnan, A. 2023. Elasmobranch conservation, challenges and management strategy in India: recommendations from a national consultative meeting. Curr. Sci., 124 (3): 292-303.

Ashton, W. D. 1972. The logit transformation with special reference to its uses in bioassay. Haffner Publishing Co., Inc. New York, USA, 88 pp.

Cadrin S.X., Karr L.A. and Mariani S. 2014. Stock identification methods: Applications in Fishery Science. 566 pp. Elsevier Inc. USA.

Carvalho, G.R. and Hauser, L. 1994. Molecular genetics and the stock concept in fisheries. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish., 4: 326-350. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00042908.

Chakraborty, S. K., 1987. Population dynamics of Otolithes cuvieri (Trewaves) off Bombay waters. Presented at the National symposium on research & development in marine fisheries (Mandapam Camp: CMFRI).

Chakraborty, S.K., Devadoss, P., Manojkumar, P.P., Feroz Khan, M., Jayasankar, P., Sivakami, S., Gandhi, V., Appanasastry, Y., Raju, A., Livingston, P. and Ameer Hamsa, K.M.S., 2000. The fishery, biology and stock assessment of Jew fish resources of India. In Pillai V. N., Menon N. G. Marine Fisheries Research and Management, p. 604–616.

Chavan, B B and Sundaram, Sujit. 2005. Occurrence of juveniles of groupers in dol net landings at New Ferry Wharf, Mumbai. Mar. Fish. Infor. Serv., T & E Ser., 186: 10-11.

Chellappan, A., Akhilesh, K V., Kumar, R R., Nakhawa, A D., Bhendekar, S N and Ramkumar, S. 2018. Minimum Legal Size (MLS) for marine capture fisheries management in Maharashtra. Mar. Fish. Infor. Serv., T & E Ser., 238: 23-25.

CMFRI 2023. Marine Fish Stock Status of India, 2022. CMFRI Booklet Series No.32/2023 (32). ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, 22 pp.

Constance, J.M., Garcia, E.A., Pillans, R.D., Udyawer, V. and Kyne, P. M. 2024. A review of the life history and ecology of euryhaline and estuarine sharks and rays. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish., 34: 65–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-023-09807-1.

Cortes E. 2000. Life History Patterns and Correlations in Sharks. Reviews Fish. Sci., 8(4): 299-344.

Dan, S. S. 1977. Maturity, spawning and fecundity of catfish Tachysurus tenuispinis (Day). Indian J. Fish., 24 (1&2): 90-95.

DoF. 2021. https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1682945

Dulvy, N.K., Bineesh, K.K., Derrick, D., Fernando, D., Haque, A.B., Maung, A. and Vander Wright, W.J. 2021. Rhinobatos lionotus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2021:e.T161677A124526883. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-2.RLTS.T161677A124526883.en Accessed on 16 March 2024.

FAO. 2022. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022. Towards Blue Transformation. Rome, FAO. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc0461en

FRAEED-CMFRI. 2023. Marine Fish Landings in India - 2022. Technical Report. CMFRI Booklet Series 31/2023, ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi.

Froese, R., Winker, H., Coro, G., Demirel, N., Tsikliras, A.C., Dimarchopoulou, D., Scarcella, G., Probst, W.N., Dureuil, M. and Pauly, D. 2018. A new approach for estimating stock status from length frequency data. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 75(6): 2004-2015.

Jabado R. W., Kyne P.M., Pollom R.A., Ebert D.A., Simpfendorfer C.A., Ralph G.M., Al Dhaheri S.S., Akhilesh K.V., Ali K., Hassan Ali M., Al Mamari T.M.S., Bineesh K.K., El Hassan I.S., Fernando D., Grandcourt E.M., Moazzam Khan M., Moore A.B.M., Owfi F., Robinson D.P., Romanov E., Soares A-L., Spaet J.L.Y., Tesfamichael D., Valinassab T. and, Dulvy N.K. 2018. Troubled waters: threats and extinction risk of the sharks, rays and chimaeras of the Arabian Sea and adjacent waters. Fish Fish., 19:1043-1062. https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12311.

Jones, R. 1984. Assessing the effects of changes in exploitation pattern using length composition data (with notes on VPA and cohort analysis). FAO Fish.Tech.Pap., (256), 118p.

Kagwade, P.V. and Kabli, L.M., 1996a. Reproductive biology of the sand lobster Thenus orientalis (Lund) from Bombay waters. Indian J. Fish., 43(1):13-25.

Kagwade, P.V. and Kabli, L.M.1996b. Age and growth of the sand lobster Thenus orientalis (Lund) from Bombay waters. Indian J. Fish., 43(3):241-248.

Kuriakose S. and Sathianandan T.V. 2019. Sampling Design for the Estimation of Marine Fish Landings in India. In: Training manual on Advances in marine fisheries in India (Eds. Najmudeen T.M. and Livi Wilson). CMFRI Training Manual Series No. 21/2019, ICAR- Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi, 113-117 pp.

Le Cren, E. D. 1951. The length-weight relationship and seasonal cycle in gonad weight and condition in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). J. Anim. Ecol., 20: 201-219.

Madhu, V.R., Meenakumari, B. and Panda, S.K. 2011. Codend mesh selectivity of Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvaucelii (d’Orbigny, 1848), Fish. Technol., 48(1): 33-40.

Manojkumar, P. P. 2005. Fishery of the spinycheek grouper, Epinephelus diacanthus (Valenciennes), off Calicut along the Malabar Coast. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India, 47 (1): 63-69.

Manojkumar, P. P. 2007. Fishery of sciaenids off veraval with special reference to growth, mortality and stock assessment of Otolithes cuvieri (Trewavas 1974). Indian J. Fish, 54 (1): 21-26.

Mildenberger, T. K., Taylor, M. H. and Wolff, M. 2017. TropFishR: an R package for fisheries analysis with length-frequency data. Methods Ecol. Evol., 8: 1520-1527.

Mohamed K.S., Joseph M., Alloycious P.S., Sasikumar G., Laxmilatha P., Asokan P.K., Kripa V., Venkatesan V., Thomas S., Sundaram S. and Rao G.S. 2009. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of exploitation of juvenile cephalopods from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal and determination of minimum legal sizes. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India, 51(1): 98-106.

Mohamed K.S., Sathianandan T.V., Vivekanandan E., Kuriakose S., Ganga U, Pillai S.L. and Nair R. 2021a. Application of biological and fisheries attributes to assess the vulnerability and resilience of tropical marine fish species. PLoS ONE, 16(8) e0255879, https://doi.org10.1371/journal.pone.0255879.

Mohamed K.S., Sathianandan T.V., Vivekanandan E., Kuriakose S., Ganga U, Pillai S.L. and Nair R. 2021b. Indian Marine Fish Life Histories (INMARLH) database for determining resilience and vulnerability of tropical marine species. SEANOE. https://doi.org/10.17882/82124

Muktha, M. Shoba J. Kizhakudan, Josileen Jose, Lakshmi Pillai, S., Gyanaranjan Dash, Rajan Kumar, Sandhya Sukumaran, Geetha Sasikumar, Jayasankar, J. , Abdussamad, E. M., Laxmilatha, P. and Ganga. U. 2022. Proceedings and Recommendations of the Training on Tropical Finfish and Shellfish Stock Assessment cum Brainstorming Session on Indian Marine Capture Fisheries Research and the Way Forward. Mar. Fish. Infor. Serv., T & E Ser. 254:11-27.

Nair, K.V. Somasekharan, Chakraborty, Rekha D., Savaria, Y.D., Polara, J.P., Dhokia, H.K. and Thumber, B.P. 2007. Catfish fishery by dolnetters along the Saurashtra coast. Mar. Fish. Infor. Serv., T & E Ser. 193:1-4.

NOAA NMFS 2023. Status of Stocks 2022. Annual Report to Congress on the Status of U.S. Fisheries. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), U.S. Department of Commerce, USA, 12 p. https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/sustainable-fisheries/status-stocks-2022.

Pauly, D. 1983. Some simple methods for the assessment of tropical fish stocks, FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 243, (FAO Press, Rome, Italy), 52 pp.

Pauly, D. and Morgan G.R. (eds.). 1987. Length-based methods in fisheries research. ICLARM Conf. Proc. (13): 468 p.

Pauly, D. and David, N. 1981. ELEFAN I, a BASIC program for the objective extraction of growth parameters from length-frequencies data. Meeresforsch., 28(4): 205-211.

Pauly, D. 1980. On the interrelationships between natural mortality, growth parameters and mean environmental temperature in 175 fish stocks. J. Cons. CIEM, 39(3):175-192.

Piddocke, T., Ashby, C., Klaas Hartmann, Hesp, A., Hone, P., Klemke, J., Mayfield, S., Roelofs, A., Saunders, T., Stewart, J., Wise, B. and Woodhams, J. 2021. Status of Australian fish stocks reports 2020, Fisheries Research and Development Corporation (FRDC), Canberra. https://www.fish.gov.au/reports/data-tools/stock-status-trends.

Polara, J.P., Savaria, Y.D. and Kizhakudan, Joe K. 2002. Targetted fishery of catfish school in Saurashtra. Mar. Fish. Infor. Serv., T & E Ser., 172: 9-10.

Purushottama, G.B., Dash, G., Das, T., Akhilesh, K.V., Kizhakudan, S.J. and Zacharia, P.U., 2017a. Population dynamics and stock assessment of grey sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae) from the north-west coast of India. Indian J. Fish., 64(3): 8-17.

Purushottama, G.B., Ramasubramanian, V., Dash, G., Akhilesh, K.V., Ramkumar, S., Kizhakudan, S.J., Singh, V.V. and Zacharia, P.U. 2017b. Reproductive biology and diet of the grey sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae) from the north-eastern Arabian Sea. Indian J. Fish., 64(4): 9-20.

Radhakrishnan, E.V., Chakraborty, R.D., Baby, P.K. and Radhakrishnan, M., 2013. Fishery and population dynamics of the sand lobster Thenus unimaculatus (Burton & Davie, 2007) landed by trawlers at Sakthikulangara Fishing Harbour in the south-west coast of India. Indian J. Fish., 60(2): 7-12.

Raghunathan, C., Raghuraman, R., and Choudhury, S. 2019. Coastal and Marine Biodiversity of India: Challenges for Conservation. In: Krishnamurthy R.R., Jonathan M.P., Srinivasalu S., Glaeser B. (eds.), Coastal Management: Global Challenges and Innovations, Academic Press, Elsevier, London, UK, 201-250 pp.

Rahangdale S., Zacharia P.U., Kumar R. and Vase V. 2022. Evaluating the stock status of 10 croaker species landed along the north-eastern Arabian Sea using the length-based Bayesian biomass approach. Front. Mar. Sci. 9:952795. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.952795

Raje, S.G. and Vivekanandan, E. 2008. Vulnerability of catfish to fishing: an investigation based on the landings at Mumbai. Indian J. Fish., 55 (3): 227-233.

Rao, A. Chandrasekhara and Krishnan, L. 2007. Histological notes on protogynous hermaphroditism in the spinycheek grouper, Epinephelus diacanthus (Valenciennes, 1828). J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India, 49 (2): 243-245.

Ricker, W. E. 1975. Computation and interpretation of biological statistics of fish populations. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can., 191: 1-382.

Sandhya, K.M., Chakraborty, S.K., Jaiswar, A.K., and Kumar, T. 2014. Reproductive biology of Otoliithes cuvieri from Ratnagiri waters, Maharashtra. Presented at 10th Indian Fisheries and Aquaculture Forum on 12-15 November, 2014 held at Lucknow, India.

Santhoshkumar, S., Rajagopalsamy, C.B.T., Jawahar, P., Jayakumar, N. and Pavinkumar, P. 2017. Growth and mortality characteristics of Otolithes ruber (Schneider, 1801) exploited off Thoothukudi Coast, Tamil Nadu. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5(4): 1746-1749.

Sathianandan, T.V., Mohamed, K.S., Jayasankar, J., Kuriakose, S., Mini, K.G., Varghese, E., Zacharia, P.U., Kaladharan, P., Najmudeen, T.M., Koya, M.K. and Sasikumar, G. 2021. Status of Indian marine fish stocks: modelling stock biomass dynamics in multigear fisheries.ICES J. Mar. Sci., 78(5):1744-1757.

Sawant, P.B., Chavan, B.B., Sundaram, S. and Kamble, S.D. 2006. Increasing trend of Epinephelus diacanthus landing by trawlers at Mumbai. Mar. Fish. Infor. Serv., T & E Ser., 188: 17-18.

Sen, S. and Dash, G. 2020. Preliminary study on the fishery and biology of smoothback guitarfish Rhinobatos lionotus Norman 1930 along West Bengal coast. In: Joshi K. K. et al. (Eds.) Marine Ecosystem Challenges & Opportunities (MECOS 3), Book of Abstracts, pp.80.

Schwamborn, R., Mildenberger, T. K. and Taylor, M. H. 2019. Assessing sources of uncertainty in length-based estimates of body growth in populations of fishes and macro invertebrates with boot strapped ELEFAN, Ecological Modelling, 393: 37-51.

Sebastian, W., Sukumaran, S., Abdul Azeez, S., Muraleedharan, K. R., Dinesh Kumar, P. K., Zacharia, P. U. and Gopalakrishnan, A. 2021. Genomic investigations provide insights into the mechanisms of resilience to heterogeneous habitats of the Indian Ocean in a pelagic fish. Scientific Reports. pp. 1-16.

Sivakami, S and Seetha, P K. 2006. Indescriminate destruction of juveniles of spiny cheek grouper Epinephelus diacanthus (Valenciennes) off Quilon, Kerala. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. India, 48 (1): 128-130.

Srianth M., Kuriakose S. and Mini K.G., 2005. Methodology for estimation of marine fish landings in India. CMFRI Spl. Publ., No. 86, 57 pp.

Sultana, R., Liu, Q., Schneider, P., Al-Mamun, M.A., Mamun, A., Tazim, M.F., Mozumder, M.M.H., Parvej, M.R. and Shamsuzzaman, M.M., 2022. Stock assessment of six Sciaenidae species in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh water using a length-based Bayesian biomass (LBB) method. Fishes, 7(5): 214.

Telvekar, P.A., Chakraborty, S.K. and Jaiswar, A.K., 2005. Reproductive biology of Otolithes cuvieri (Trewavas, 1974) from Mumbai waters. Journal of Indian Fisheries Association, 32:13-17.

Then, A.Y., Hoenig, J.M. Hall, N.G. and Hewitt, D.A. 2015. Evaluating the predictive performance of empirical estimators of natural mortality rate using information on over 200 fish species. ICES J. Mar. Sci., 72: 82 - 92.

Thompson, W. F. and Bell, F. H. 1934. Biological statistics of the Pacific halibut fishery. Effect of changes in intensity upon total yield and yield per unit of gear. Report of the International Fisheries (Pacific halibut) Commission, No. 8, (IFC, Seattle, USA), 49 pp.

Tyabji Z., Wagh T., Patankar V., Jabado R.W. and Sutaria D. 2020. Catch composition and life history characteristics of sharks and rays (Elasmobranchii) landed in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. PLoS ONE, 15(10): e0231069. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0231069.

Venkataraman K. and Raghunathan C. 2015. Coastal and Marine Biodiversity in India. In: Venkataraman Krishnamoorthy and Sivaperuman Chandrakasan (eds.) Marine Faunal Diversity in India: Taxonomy, Ecology and Conservation. Academic Press, Elsevier, London, UK, 303-347 pp.

von Bertalanffy, L. 1938. A quantitative theory of organic growth (Inquiries on growth laws II). Human Biology, 10: 181–213.

Waggy, G.L., Brown-Peterson, Nancy J. Peterson, Mark S. 2006. Evaluation of the reproductive life history of the Sciaenidae in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea: “Greater” versus “Lesser” Strategies? Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute, 57: 263-281.

White, W.T. and Kyne, P.M. 2010. The status of chondrichthyan conservation in the Indo-Australiasian region. J. Fish. Biol. 76(9):2090–2117. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02654.x.

Zacharia, P. U., Gupta, C. Alli and Mahadevaswamy, H.S. 1995. Exploitation of juveniles of the spinycheek grouper, Epinephelus diacanthus by multiday trawlers along Dakshina Kannada coast. Mar. Fish. Infor. Serv., T & E Ser., 139: 5-8.