Preliminary characterization and assessment of wild Actinidia callosa var. strigillosa female accessions as potential genetic resources from North Sikkim, India
Wild Actinidia callosa var. strigillosa from North Sikkim
49 / 13
Authors
-
Abhilash Padhan
Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0066-7908
-
Dinesh Singh Thakur
Regional Horticultural Research and Training Station, Mashobra, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
-
Vishal Singh Rana
Department of Fruit Science, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
-
R. K. Dogra
Department of Fruit Science, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
-
Narender Negi
ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, Regional Station, Phagli, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
-
Akriti Chauhan
Regional Horticultural Research and Training Station, Mashobra, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
-
Pooja Sharma
Department of Fruit Science, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
Keywords:
Actinidia callosa var. strigillosa, Cold-hardy, Genetic resources, North Sikkim, Vitamin CAbstract
A preliminary morpho-biochemical characterisation of fruit sampled from 81 wild kiwifruit (Actinidia callosa var. strigillosa) female
vines distributed across the Lachung and Lachen territorial regions of North Sikkim district of Sikkim in Northeast India during 2021-
2023 resulted in the identification of nine promising female accessions as potential genetic resources. Among these, SKNLC-18 and
SKNLC-14 recorded the highest fruit weight, while SKNFF-05 and SKNLA-16 exhibited the highest vitamin C content, SKNLA-15 and
SKNLC-16 resulted in the highest sugar: acid ratio, SKNZM-09 and SKNLC-10 produced the highest yield per vine, whereas SKNFF-07
exhibited greenish-yellow flesh colour. Sensory evaluation (9-point hedonic scale) of these nine superior accessions together
revealed the highest overall acceptability in SKNLC-18 and SKNLA-16. The present preliminary assessment identified these nine
accessions as promising plant genetic resources (PGRs) for breeding cold-hardy kiwifruit cultivars and expanding cultivation in the
high-altitude Himalayan region.
Downloads
References
AOAC (1970) Official methods of analysis, Benjamin Franklin Statistics, Washington, D.C.
AOAC (1980) Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. A.O.A.C. Benjamin Franklin Station, Washington, D.C.
Arora RK (2014) Diversity in underutilized plant species; an Asia Pacific perspective. Biodiversity International, New Delhi, India, 203 p.
Asadi M, M Ghasemnezhad, A Bakhshipour, J Olfati and A Atak (2024) Breeding of new kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) cultivars with yellow (golden) fleshed and superior characteristics. BMC Plant Biol.24: 1045.
Beever DJ and G Hopkirk (1990) Fruit development and fruit physiology. In: Warrington IJ, Weston GC (eds) Kiwifruit: Science and Management. Auckland: Ray Richards, pp 97- 126.
Cho YS, HS Cho and MY Park (2011) A selection of Korean Gold Kiwifruit 'Haegeum' and its performances. Acta Hortic. 913: 249-253.
Costa G, G Fiori, I Donati, F Spinelli, L Piccinini, G Cipriani and R Testolin (2014) Dori, nuova varieta di A. chinensis. Rivista di frutticoltura e di ortofloricoltura. 76(1): 16-21.
Dal-Pane M (2021) Kiwi Plant named 'Red Queen' (US Patent No. US PP32895P3).
Deka BC, A Thirugnanavel, RK Patel, A Nath and N Deshmukh (2012) Horticultural diversity in North-East India and its improvement for value addition. Indian J. Genet. Plant Breed. 72: 157-167.
Dichio B, AC Tuzio, C Xiloyannis, G Rigo, R Lovato, G Comuzzo, R Frezza, D Macor, G Cipriani, R Testolin and S Micolini (2015) The new yellow-fleshed kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Pl.) 'Soreli'; conclusions from six years of cultivation in different climatic areas. Proceedings of XIII IS on Kiwifruit. In: Hongwen Huang and Qiong Zhang (eds). Acta Hortic.1096: 149-154.
Feng XZ and DD Huang (2025) Recent advances in hybrid breeding of kiwifruit; strategies and outcomes. Tree Genet. Mol. Breed. 15(2): 70-79.
Fukuda T, K Suezawa and T Katagiri (2007) New kiwifruit cultivar 'Sanuki Gold'. Acta Hortic.753: 243-246.
Govaerts R, EN Lughadha, N Black, R Turner and A Paton (2021) The world checklist of vascular plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. Sci. Data8(1): 1-10.
Hanley Z (2018) Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) breeding. In: Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Fruits, Vol. 3. Springer; Cham, Switzerland, pp 377-401.
Henare SJ (2016) Chapter 15-The nutritional composition of kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.). In: Simmonds MSJ and Preedy VR (eds) Nutritional Composition of Fruit Cultivars. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 337-370.
Hongwen H (2014) Species. In: Kiwifruit: The Genus Actinidia. Science press, Beijing,pp 49-57. Huang H, S Wang, R Huang, Z Jiang and Z Zhang (2002) 'Jintao', a novel, hairless, yellow-fleshed kiwifruit. Hortic. Sci. 37(7): 1135-1136.
Huang H, Y Wang, Z Zhang, Z Jiang and S Wang (2004) Actinidia germplasm resources and kiwifruit industry in China. Hortic. Sci. 39: 1165-1172.
Jhalegar MJ, RR Sharma, RK Pal, A Arora and A Dahuja (2011) Analysis of physiological and biochemical changes in kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa cv. Allison) after the postharvest treatment with 1-Methylcyclopropene. J. Plant Biochem. Biotechnol. 20: 205-210.
Joshi BD (1998) Indigenous horticultural crops of the Indian Himalayas. In: Partap T and Sthapit B (eds) Managing Agrobiodiversity: Farmers' Changing Perspectives and Institutional Responses in HKH region. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal, pp 205-233.
Jung BJ, HS Cho, MY Park and YS Cho (2016) 'Mansu', a hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta Planch. et Miq.) cultivar with improved storage life. Korean J. of Hortic. Sci. Tech. 34(5): 755- 760.
Kim CH, SC Kim, KC Jang, EY Song, M Kim, DY Moon, KC Seong, JS Lee, HD Suh and KJ Song (2007) A new kiwifruit cultivar, 'Jecy Gold' with yellow flesh. Korean J. Breed. Sci.39: 258-259.
Kim DG, YG Jin, JY Jin, S Kim, SC Kim, CH Han and YJ Lee (2011) Effects of the Actinidia chinensis on loperamide-induced constipation in rat. Korean J. Plant Res. 24(1): 61-68.
Kim SC, EY Song and CH Kim (2012) A new kiwifruit variety, 'Halla Gold' with high soluble solids content and early harvesting. Hortic. Sci. Technol.30(3): 334-337.
Kishor A, SK Verma, M Brijwal, R Narayan, A Kumar, S Debnath and MS Mer (2017) Yield and Physico-chemical performance of different kiwifruit cultivars in Kumaon hills of Uttarakhand. Res. Crops. 18(2): 256-259.
Kumar A, DP Sharma, P Kumar and P Verma (2026) Chimeric apple; a study of morphological and biochemical variations. Indian J. Plant Genet. Resour. 39(1): 56-61.
Kwack YB, HS Choi, WB Chae and MI Jeong (2010) 'Skinny Green', a novel hairless green-fleshed baby kiwifruit. Korean J. Hortic. Sci. Technol.28: 708-710.
Kwack YB, HL Kim, WB Chae, DW Lee, HS Choi and KH Kang (2011) 'Goldrush', a newly bred Kiwifruit Cultivar in Korea. Acta Hortic.913: 181-183.
Kwack YB, HL Kim, JH Lee, KH Chung and WB Chae (2017) 'Goldone', a yellow-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar with large fruit size. Hortic. Sci. Technol. 35(1): 142-146.
Kwack YB, MH Lee, HL Kim, WB Chae, SH Kim and SK Kang (2022) Green-fleshed sweet kiwifruit 'Garmrok'. J. Korean Soc. Int. Agric.34: 43-48.
Latocha P (2012) Some morphological and biological features of 'Bingo'; a new hardy kiwifruit cultivar from Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS) in Poland. Rocznik Polskiego Towarzystwa Dendrologicznego 60: 61-67.
Latocha P (2017) The Nutritional and Health Benefits of Kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta); a Review. Plant Foods Hum. Nutr. 72: 325- 334.
Latocha P and T Krupa (2007) Morphological, chemical and sensory analyses of promising genotypes of hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia Lindl.) obtained in the breeding programme at WULS. Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences- SGGW Horticulture and Landscape Architecture 28: 111-119.
Latocha P, R Wolosiak, E Worobiejb and T Krupa (2013) Clonal differences in antioxidant activity and bioactive constituents of hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) and its year-to-year variability. J. Sci. Food Agric. 93: 1412-1419.
Lawless HT and H Heymann (2010) Sensory evaluation of food. Principles and Practices, 2nd edn. Springer, New York, pp 326- 329.
Lee MH, HL Kim, HC Rhee, YB Kwack, HMPC Kumarihami and JG Kim (2020) Evaluation of the genetic resources of kiwifruit with multivariate analysis. Hortic. Sci. Technol. 38(4): 569- 581.
Lei D, Y Lin, Q Chen, B Zhao, H Tang, Y Zhang, Q Chen, Y Wang, M Li, W He, Y Luo, X Wang, H Tang and Y Zhang (2022) Transcriptomic analysis and the effect of maturity stage on fruit quality reveal the importance of the L-galactose pathway in the ascorbate biosynthesis of hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23(12): 6816.
Li HL (1952) A taxonomic review of the genus Actinidia. J. Arnold Arbor.33: 1-61.
Liang J, Y Ren, Y Wang, M Han, T Yue, Z Wang and Z Gao (2021) Physicochemical, nutritional, and bioactive properties of pulp and peel from 15 kiwifruit cultivars. Food Biosci. 42: 101157.
Liu Y, B Zhou, Y Qi, X Chen, C Liu, Z Liu and X Ren (2017) Expression differences of pigment structural genes and transcription factors explain flesh coloration in three contrasting kiwifruit cultivars. 8: 1507.
Lowe RG (2010) Kiwifruit variety named ZESY002 (U.S. Patent no. US 2010 0333243P1) . Maity R, UKL Tiwari and SS Dash (2026) A new species of wild-kiwi from India. Feddes Repertorium. 137: 1-6.
Mao AA and SS Dash (2020) Flowering plants of India: an annotated check l. BSI. Kolkata. 1: 161.
Mc-Neillage MA, RA Beatson and EA Mac-Rae (2003a) Kiwi plant named 'HORTGEM TORU' (U.S. Plant Patent No. US PP14, 213 P3). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Mc-Neillage MA, RA Beatson and EA Mac-Rae (2003b) Kiwi plant named 'HORTGEM TAHI' (U.S. Plant Patent No. U.S. PP13, 815 P3). U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
Ming X, GH Jiang, XX Chen and XZ Gao (1992) Selection and breeding of kiwifruit in China. Acta Hortic.297: 57-60.
Nishiyama I, Y Yamashita, M Yamanaka, A Shimohashi, T Fukuda and T Oota (2004) Varietal difference in vitamin C content in the fruit of kiwifruit and other Actinidia species. J. Agric. Food Chem. 52(17): 5472-5475. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049398z
Padhan A, A Kumar, R Pathirana, DP Sharma, DS Thakur, VS Rana, P Kumar and A Chauhan (2023) Potential of wild, underutilized Actinidia callosa and Actinidia strigosa from Northeast India for kiwifruit breeding. Genet. Resour. Crop Evol.71: 39-52.
Padhan A and DS Thakur (2025a) Morphological, biochemical and sensory analysis of selected Actinidia callosa var. strigillosa female accessions from the existing wild populations in North Sikkim, India. N. Z. J. Crop Hortic. Sci. 53(4): 1150-1167.
Padhan A and DS Thakur (2025b) Preliminary selection of wild male kiwifruit (Actinidia callosa var. strigillosa C. F. Liang) accessions in North Sikkim, India, for future breeding programmes. N. Z. J. Bot. 63(4): 759-770. DOI: 10.1080/ 0028825X.2024.2333834
Padhan A, DS Thakur and Ambrish K (2024) An endangered wild kiwi Actinidia callosa var. strigillosa C. F. Liang (Actinidiaceae) from India. Curr. Sci.126: 1-3.
Pescie MA and BC Strik (2004) Thinning before bloom affects fruit size and yield of hardy kiwifruit. Hortic. Sci.39(6): 1243-1245.
Raja WH, M Noomphy, G Bam, SUN Nabi, OC Sharma, JI Mir, MA Shah and GS Madhu (2021) Potential and prospects of kiwifruit production in the state of Arunachal Pradesh. Pharma Innov. 10(12): 1749-1751.
Ranganna S (2009) Handbook of Analysis and Quality Control for Fruit and Vegetable Products. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1112 p.
Richardson DP, J Ansell and LN Drummond (2018) The nutritional and health attributes of kiwifruit; a review. Eur. J. of Nutr. 57(8): 2659-2676.
Singleton VL and JA Rossi (1965) Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdic phosphotungstic acid reagents. Am. J. Enol. Vitic.16: 144-58.
Skelton DA (2010) Kiwifruit plant named 'Y374' (US Patent No. US00PP21174P3).
Stanica F, LM Iliescu and G Zuccherelli (2022) 'Vip Green' and 'Vip Red'-two new registered kiwi berry (Actinidia arguta) cultivars. Proceedings of X International Symposium on Kiwifruit.Acta Hortic. 1332.
Stone H and JL Sidel (2004) Sensory Evaluation Practices, 3rd edn. Elsevier Academic Press, London, pp 87-90.
Strik BC and KE Hummer (2006) 'Ananasnaya' hardy kiwifruit. J. Am. Pomol. Soc.60: 106-112.
Testolin R and G Cipriani (2008) Soreli: una nuova varietà di Kiwi a polpa gialla. Ottenuta E diffusa dall'Università Di Udine. Rivista Di Frutticoltura E Di Ortofloricoltura, 70(7-8): 54-56.
UPOV (2019) Kiwifruit (Actinidia Lindl.). International Union for Protection of New Varieties of Plants, Geneva, pp 48.
US Department of Agriculture (2016) Green Kiwifruit. USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 28 (slightly revised). Version: May 2016. US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Nutrient Data Laboratory, Beltsville (MD).
US Plant Patent (2010) United States Plant Patent, Patent No: US PP20,721 P3, 3 p.
Wang Y, CI Zhao, JY Lia, YJ Liang, RQ Yang, JY Liu, Z Maa and L Wu (2018) Evaluation of biochemical components and antioxidant capacity of different kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) genotypes grown in China. Biotechnol. Biotechnol. Equip. 32(3): 558-565.
Wen J, Y Wang, Y He, N Shu, W Cao, Y Sun, P Yuan, B Sun, Y Yan, H Qin, S Fan and W Lu (2023) Flavour quality analysis of ten Actinidia arguta fruits based on high-performance liquid chromatography and headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. Molecules 28: 7559.
Wi TS, GS Lee, MH Lee, YM Son and SC Go (2019) Consumer and distribution trends of kiwifruit. Proceedings of the symposium, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-si, Republic of Korea, pp 9-25.
Williams MH, LM Boyd, MA Mc-Neilage, EA Mac-Rae, AR Ferguson, RA Beatson and PJ Martin (2003) Development and commercialization of 'Baby Kiwi' (Actinidia arguta Planch.). Proceedings of International Symposium on Kiwifruit. Acta Hortic. 610: 81-86.
Zhang H, Q Zhao, T Lan, T Geng, C Gao, Q Yuan, Q Zhang, P Xu, X Sun, X Liu and T Ma (2020) Comparative analysis of physicochemical characteristics, nutritional and functional components and antioxidant capacity of fifteen kiwifruit (Actinidia) cultivars- comparative analysis of fifteen kiwifruit (Actinidia) cultivars. Foods 9(9): 1267.
Zhang Y, C Zhong, Y Liu, Q Zhang, X Sun and D Li (2017) Agronomic trait variations and ploidy differentiation of kiwi berries in northwest China; implication for breeding. Front. Plant Sci .8: 711.
Zhong C, S Wang, H Huang and Z Jiang (2011) 'Jinyan'; a superior yellow-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar with excellent storage quality. Acta Hortic. 913: 135-143.
Downloads
Submitted
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Indian Journal of Plant Genetic Resources
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors are required to submite copyright certificate in original.