Exploring Genetic Diversity and Yield-Contributing Traits in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) using D² Statistics and Principal Component Analysis
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Authors
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Anamika Dhar
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B Meena Kumari
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D Kavithamani
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P Meenakshi
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GG Kavithashree
Abstract
Sorghum is a vital cereal crop with immense potential for grain and fodder, especially in semi-arid regions. This study evaluated the
genetic diversity among 96 sorghum genotypes using Mahalanobis D² statistics and principal component analysis to identify key traits
contributing to yield and other agronomic characteristics. The field experiment was conducted at the Millet breeding station, TNAU,
Coimbatore, with two replications. The genotypes were grouped into 10 clusters, with distinct clusters showing unique trait
combinations valuable for targeted breeding goals. For example, genotypes such as IS 28517, IS 29114, and TNSS 223 are ideal for
biomass production because of their tall, late-maturing traits, whereas IS 10939 and AS 3883 are promising for high seed weight and high yield, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified traits such as leaf width, panicle weight, plant height, and flag leaf length as major contributors to genetic variability. The distribution of genotypes in the PCA biplot highlighted specific associations
between yield-related traits and genotype groupings, offering insights for selecting parents for hybridization. This research provides
valuable information for sorghum breeding programs aimed at enhancing productivity and resilience in dryland regions, thereby
supporting food security and sustainable agriculture.
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