Genetic Diversity and Characterization of Pummelo (Citrus maxima) Species in Asia: A Review
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Authors
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Khriezodinuo Pienyu
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Pauline Alila
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Khwairakpam Rozerto
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Narendra Singh
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Kuluve Chotso
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Harshit Kumar
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Sanjeev Kumar Singh
Keywords:
Breeding, Citrus maxima, Germplasm characterization, Genomics, Genetic diversity, Molecular markersAbstract
Pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) is one of the three true citrus species and a primary progenitor of several cultivated citrus
fruits. Despite its wide distribution across Asia, particularly in Southeast Asia and Northeast India, systematic efforts toward its genetic
characterization and improvement remain limited. Significant morphological variability exists among pummelo genotypes; however,
the extent and structure of underlying genetic diversity are not fully understood due to insufficient integration of molecular and
genomic studies. This lack of comprehensive genetic information restricts effective germplasm utilization, conservation, and
breeding for desirable traits such as disease resistance, fruit quality, and environmental adaptability. Therefore, the present review
aims to critically examine current research on genetic diversity and characterization of pummelo using morphological, biochemical,
and molecular markers, including SSR, RAPD, AFLP, SNP, and next-generation sequencing approaches. This review also highlights
existing research gaps, particularly in underexplored diversity hotspots such as Northeast India, and emphasizes the importance of
integrating genomic tools for precise genetic characterization. Understanding the genetic variability and population structure of
pummelo is essential for germplasm conservation, parent selection, and the development of improved cultivars through markerassisted breeding. The review underscores the need for comprehensive genomic studies and coordinated conservation strategies to facilitate genetic improvement and sustainable utilization of pummelo genetic resources in Asia.
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