Assessment of Diversity, Population Structure and Gene Flow in Indigenous and Exotic Accessions of Adzuki Bean (Vigna angularis)
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Authors
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Neelam Bhardwaj
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Varadharajan Nareshkumar
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Anjali
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Surbhi Patyal
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Mohar Singh
Keywords:
Adzuki bean, Genetic resources, Molecular diversity, Population structure, SSR analysisAbstract
Adzuki bean is recognized for its high carbohydrate content and protein composition, featuring a well-balanced amino acid profile,
particularly abundant in lysine. This compensates for the typically deficient protein levels found in commonly consumed cereals.
Morphological diversity analysis categorized 96 adzuki accessions into three distinct clusters, with the greatest intra-cluster distance
observed between cluster I and cluster II. Principal Component Analysis indicated that PC1 accounted for 55.90% of the total variation,
primarily attributed to traits such as primary branches per plant, plant height, 1000-seed weight, clusters per plant, seed yield per
plant and seeds per pod. Seventy SSR primers were utilized to assess molecular diversity. Among these, 11 primer pairs exhibited
polymorphism, with a mean PIC value of 0.241. The average number of effective alleles (Ne) and Shannon's Information Index (SII)
were calculated as 1.5051 and 0.4560 per locus, respectively. Clustering analysis using the NTSYS-pc package identified three clusters
comprising both indigenous and exotic accessions. Population STRUCTURE revealed the highest ΔK mean value at K=2, dividing the
96 germplasm accessions into two distinct gene pools, consisting of pure lines and admixtures. AMOVA conducted between the two
populations unveiled that 79% of the variation exists within populations, while 21% exists among populations. The pure lines and
polymorphic SSR markers identified in this study hold promise for the development and evaluation of core collections and the
breeding of superior varieties of Adzuki bean, along with harnessing genetic diversity in Adzuki bean to enhance breeding
endeavours toward superior varieties and hybrids.
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