Effect of Vitamin E and Zinc supplementation on the growth performance, immunity, serum biochemistry and antioxidant profile of broiler chicken under heat stress
Vitamin E and Zinc in Heat-Stressed Broilers
88 / 65
Authors
-
MEESAM RAZA
Department of LPM, DGCN COVAS, CSKHPKV, Palampur, HP, India.
Author
-
CHANDRA DEO
ANFT, CARI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India.
Author
-
RUKKIYA SIDDIQU
Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-IVRI, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, India
Author
Keywords:
Broiler chickens, Vitamin E, Zinc, Growth performance, Immune response, Feed efficiencyAbstract
A six-week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E and zinc on growth performance, immune response, and serum biochemical profile in broiler chickens. A total of 360 mixed-sex day-old chicks were randomly assigned to nine dietary treatments in a 3×3 factorial design, with three levels of vitamin E (50, 100, and 150 IU/kg diet) and three levels of zinc (40, 80, and 120 mg Zn/kg diet). Each treatment had five replicates of eight birds each. Birds were reared under ad libitum feeding and watering conditions, and body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded across starter (0–3 weeks) and finisher (4–6 weeks) phases. Results indicated that birds supplemented with 100 IU/kg vitamin E and 80 mg Zn/kg diet exhibited significantly higher BWG and better feed efficiency. FI was higher at 50 IU/kg vitamin E with 40 mg Zn/kg diet, whereas FCR improved with 150 IU/kg vitamin E and 120 mg Zn/kg diet. Significantly (p≤0.05) higher serum total protein was observed at 150 IU/kg vitamin E with 40 mg Zn/kg diet compared to 150 IU/kg vitamin E with 120 mg Zn/kg diet and 50 IU/kg vitamin E with 40 mg Zn/kg diet. Serum triglycerides was significantly higher at 50 IU/kg vitamin E than those recorded at other levels. Immune responses were significantly enhanced at 100 IU/kg vitamin E with 80 mg Zn/kg diet. Spleen weight was significantly affected by dietary treatments, but thymus and bursa weights remained unaffected. The study concluded that supplementation of 100 IU/kg vitamin E with 80 mg Zn/kg diet is optimal for improving growth performance, immune response, and feed efficiency in broiler chickens under heat-stressed conditions.
Downloads
References
Akbari M. Kakhki, Bakhshalinejad, R., Hassanabadi, A., & Ferket, P. 2017. Effects of dietary organic zinc and α-tocopheryl acetate supplements on growth performance, meat quality, tissues minerals, and α-tocopherol deposition in broiler chickens. Poultry science, 96(5): 1257-1267.
Aksu, T. and Ozsoy, B. 2010. The effects of lower supplementation levels of organically complexed minerals (zinc, copper and manganese) versus inorganic forms on hematological and biochemical parameters in broilers. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(4).
Barham, D. and Trinder, P., 1972. An improved colour reagent for the determination of blood glucose by the oxidase system. Analyst, 97(1151): 142-145.
Bartlett, J.R., Smith, M.O. 2003. Effects of different levels of zinc on the performance and Immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Poultry Science, 82(10):1580-1588.
Basmacıoğlu Malayoğlu, H., Özkan, S., Koçtürk, S., Oktay, G., Ergül, M. 2009. Dietary vitamin E (α-tocopheryl acetate) and organic selenium supplementation: performance and antioxidant status of broilers fed n-3 PUFA-enriched feeds. South African Journal of Animal Science,39: 274–285.
BIS 2007. Nutrient Requirements for Poultry. 7176-26:2007, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi
Bolkent, S., Yanardag, R., Mutlu, O., Yildirim, S., Kangawa, K., Minegishi, Y., and Suzuki, H. 2006. The effect of zinc supplementation on ghrelin-immunoreactive cells and lipid parameters in gastrointestinal tissue of streptozotocin induced female diabetic rats. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 286: 77-85.
Bou, R., Guardiola, F., Tres, A., Barroeta, A.C., Codony, R. 2004. Effect of dietary fish oil, α-tocopheryl acetate, and zinc supplementation on the composition and consumer acceptability of chicken meat. Poultry Science, 83: 282–292.
Bou, R., Guardiola, F., Barroeta, A.C. and Codony, R. 2005. Effect of dietary fat sources and zinc and selenium supplements on the composition and consumer acceptability of chicken meat. Poultry Science, 84(7): 1129-1140.
Bucolo, G. and David, H. 1973. Quantitative determination of serum triglycerides by the use of enzymes. Clinical Chemistry, 19(5): 476-482.
Burrell, A.L., Dozier, W.A., Davis, A.J., Compton, M.M., Freeman, M.E., Vendrell P.F. and Ward, T.L. 2004. Responses of broilers to dietary zinc concentrations and sources in relation to environmental implications. British Poultry Science, 45: 255-263
Daniel M.N. Albuquerque, João B. Lopes, Maíra S. Ferraz, Mabell N. Ribeiro, Sandra R.G. Silva, Elvânia M.S. Costa, Daniela C.P. Lima, Jefferson D.M. Ferreira, Pedro E.B. Gomes4 and Jackelline C.O. Lopes. 2017. Vitamin E and organic selenium for broilers from 22 to 42 days old: performance and carcass trait. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 89(2): 1259-1268
Dardenne, M., and Bach, J.M. 1993. Rationale for the mechanism of zinc interaction in the immune system, in: Cunningham-Rundles, S. (Ed) Nutrient modulation of Immune Response, pp. 501-509.
Daumas, R.A. 1976. Variations of particulate proteins and dissolved amino acids in coastal seawater. Marine Chemistry, 4(3): 225-242.
Dukare S, Mandal A B, Mir NA, Dev K, Tyagi PK, Biswas A, Rokade JJ, Tyagi PK. 2021. Effect of different levels and sources of dietary copper on the growth and immunity of broiler chicken. Letters in Animal Biology, 1(2): 26 – 32.
El-Mallah, G.M., S.A. Yassein. M. Magda, A. Abdel-Fattah and A. El-Ghamry. 2011. Improving performance andsome metabolic response by using some antioxidants in laying diets during summer season. Journal of Animal Science, 7(4): 217-224.
Fawzy, M.M., El-Sadawi, H.A., El-Dien, M.H. and Mohamed, W.A.M. 2016. Hematological and biochemical performance of poultry following zinc oxide and sodium selenite supplementation as food additives. Annals of Clinical Pathology, 4(4): 1076.
Feng, J.W.Q.M., Ma, W.Q., Niu, H.H., Wu, X.M., Wang, Y. and Feng, J. 2010. Effects of zinc glycine chelate on growth, hematological, and immunological characteristics in broilers. Biological Trace Element Research, 133: 203-211.
Franchini, A., Meluzzi, A., Bertuzzi, S. and Giordani, G. 1990. High doses of vitamin E in the broilers diets. Archiv fuer Gefluegelkunde (Germany, FR), 52(1).
Gao, J., H. Lin, X. J. Wang, Z. G. Song, and H. C. Jiao. 2010.Vitamin E supplementation alleviates the oxidative stress inducedby dexamethasone treatment and improves meat quality in broilerchickens. Poultry Science, 89:318–327.
Halliwell B and Gutteridge JMC, 1999. Free radicals in biology and medicine. 2nded. Oxford University Press, New York, 105 -245.
Herzig, I., Navratilova, M., Totusek, J., Suchy, P., Vecerek, V., Blahova, J., & Zraly, Z. 2009. The effect of humic acid on zinc accumulation in chicken broiler tissues. Czech Journal of Animal Science,54(3):121-127.
Khattak, F. M., Acamovic, T., Sparks, N., Pasha, T. N., Joiya, M. H., Hayat, Z., & Ali, Z. 2012. Comparative efficacy of different supplements used to reduce heat stress in broilers. Pakistan Journal of Zoology,44(1): 31-41.
Kind PRN and King E J. 1954. Estimation of plasma phosphatase by determination of hydrolysed phenol with amino-antipyrine. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 7: 322.
Konjufca, V.K., Bottje, W.G., Bersi, T.K. & Erf, G.F. 2004. Influence of dietary vitamin E on phagocytic functions of macrophages in broilers. Poultry Science,83: 1530-1534.
Kucuk, O., Kahraman, A., Kurt, I., Yildiz, N., and Onmaz, A.C. 2008. A combination of zinc and pyridoxine supplementation to the diet of laying hens improves performance and egg quality. Biological Trace Element Research,126(1-3): 165-175.
Kulkarni, R.C., Mandal, A.B., Bhanja, S.K., Goel, A. and Mehra, M. 2017. Dietary zinc supplementation on immune response of coloured broilers during hot-humid summer. Journal of Poultry Science and Technology, 5: 18-21.
Kumar, Y. 2007. Response of broiler chickens to dietary supplemental Zn levels and sources. M.V.Sc. (Poultry Science) Thesis, IVRI Deemed University, Izatnagar, 243122 (U.P.).
Kumar, Y., Deo, C., Shrivastava, H. P., Madal, A. B. and Mishra, S. K. 2009. Response of feeding different sources and concentrations of zinc on growth, immune response and carcass yield of broiler chicks. Proceedings of Animal Nutrition Association World Conference, 14-17 Feb 2009, New Delhi, India.
Laganá, C., Ribeiro, A.M.L., Kessler, A.D.M., Kratz, L.R. and Pinheiro, C.C. 2007. Effect of the supplementation of vitamins and organic minerals on the performance of broilers under heat stress. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 9: 39-43.
Lin, Y. F., S. J. Chang and A. L. Hsu. 2004. Effects of supplemental vitamin E during the laying period on the reproductive performance of Taiwan native chickens. British Poultry Science, 45: 807-814.
Mobaraki, M.A., Shahryar, H.A. and Dizaji, A.A. 2013. The effects of vitamin E-Se supplemented on some of serum biochemical parameters in the laying Japanese quail. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 2(10): 29-32.
Mohanna, C and Nys, Y. 1999. Effect of dietary zinc content and sources on the growth, body zinc deposition and retention, zinc excretion and immune response in chickens. British Poultry Science, 40: 108-114.
Nageswara, A.R., V. Ramasubba, Reddy and M. Ramakota Reddy. 2003. Effect of E- care -se - herbal on the performance on immune response in broilers. Indian Journal of Poultry Science, 38: 115 - 120.
Niu, Z. Y., Liu, F. Z., Yan, Q. L and Li, W. C. 2009. Effects of different levels of vitamin E on growth performance and immune responses of broilers under heat stress. Poultry Science, 88(10): 2101- 2107.
Özkan, S., Basmacıoğlu-Malayoğlu, H., Yalçın, S., Karadaş, F., Koçtürk, S., Çabuk, M., Oktay, G., Özdemir, S., Özdemir, E. &Ergül, M. 2007. Dietary vitamin E (α-tocopherol acetate) and selenium supplementation from different sources: performance, ascites-related parameters and antioxidant status in broilers reared at low and optimum temperatures. British Poultry Science, 48: 580-593.
Rama Rao, S.V., Raju, M.V.L.N., Panda, A.K., Poonam, N.S., Shyam Sunder, G. 2011. Effect of dietary α -tocopherol concentration on performance and some immune responses in broiler chickens fed on diets containing oils from different sources. British Poultry Science, 52: 97–105.
Rashtchizadeh, N., Ettehad, S., DiSilvestro, R.A., and Mahdavi, R. 2008. Antiatherogenic effects of zinc are associated with copper in iron-overloaded hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Nutrition research, 28(2): 98-105.
Raza M, Deo C, Mandal A B, Siddiqui R. 2021. Influence of dietary supplementation of selenium and vitamin E on bone morphometry and mineralization in broiler chicken under heat stress. Letters in Animal Biology, 1(2): 21 – 25.
Raza, F.K., Khan, S.A., Raza, A., Saeed, M.A. & Bashir, M.N. 1997. Effect of vitamin E deficiency and excess on immune system of broilers. International Journal of Animal Science, 12: 39–41.
Reitman S, and Frankel S. 1957. A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 28(1): 56-63
Sahin K, Kucuk O, Sahin N, Sari M. 2002. Effects of vitamin C and vitamin E on lipid peroxidation status, serum hormone, metabolite, and mineral concentrations of Japanese quails reared under heat stress (34º C). International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research, 72(2):91-100.
Sahin, K. and Kucuk, O., 2003. Zinc supplementation alleviates heat stress in laying Japanese quail. The Journal of Nutrition, 133(9): 2808-2811.
Selim, N.A., Nada, S.A., Abdel-Salam, A.F., Youssef, S.F. 2013a. Evaluation of some natural antioxidant sources in broiler diets: 2-effect on chemical and microbiological quality of chilled and frozen broiler meat. International Journal of Poultry Science, 12: 572–581.
Selim, N.A., Youssef, S.F., Abdel-Salam, A.F., Nada, S.A. 2013b. Evaluations of some natural antioxidant sources in broiler diets: 1-effect on growth, physiological and immunological performance of broiler chicks. International Journal of Poultry Science, 12: 561–571.
Singh H. Sodhi S. Kaur R. 2006. Effects of dietary supplements of selenium, vitamin E or combinations of the two on antibody response of broilers. British Poultry Science, 47:714–719.
Speranda, M., T. Florijancic., I. Boskovic., I. Bogut., H. Gutzmirtl., D. grguric. and Z Antunovic. (2008). The effects of organic selenium and manan oligosaccharides on the productivity and health of pheasant chicken (Phasianuscolchicus). Acta Veterinaria (Beograd), 58(1): 63-73.
Sunder, G.S., Panda, A.K., Gopinath, N.C.S., Rao, S.R., Raju, M.V.L.N., Reddy, M.R. and Kumar, C.V. 2008. Effects of higher levels of zinc supplementation on performance, mineral availability, and immune competence in broiler chickens. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 17(1): 79-86.
Swain, B.K., Johri, T.S., Majumdar, S. 2000. Effect of supplementation of vitamin E, selenium and their different combinations on the performance and immune response of broilers. British Poultry Science, 41: 287–292.
Tawfeek, S.S., Hassanin, K.M.A. and Youssef, I.M.I. 2014. The effect of dietary supplementation of some antioxidants on performance, oxidative stress, and blood parameters in broilers under natural summer conditions. Journal of World's Poultry Research, 4(1): 10-19.
Wheeler, C.R., Salzman, J.A., Elsayed, N.M., Omaye, S.T. and Korte Jr, D.W. 1990. Automated assays for superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity. Analytical Biochemistry, 184(2): 193-199.
Wybenga DR, Pileggi VJ, Dirstine H and Giorgio JD. 1970. Direct manual determination of serum total cholesterol with a single stable reagent. Clinical Chemistry, 16: 980-984.
Wybenga, D. R., P. H. Pileggi, J. Dirstine and Giorgio, J. D. 1970. Direct manual determination of serum total cholesterol with a single stable reagent. Clinical Chemistry, 16: 980-984.
Yamuna, K. and Thangavel, A. 2011. Effect of selenium and vitamin e supplementation on immune status in broiler chickens. Tamilnadu Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences,7(6): 303-306.
Yegani, M., .2008. Summer and heat stress. Available at: http://www.worldpoultry.net /Home /General/200 8/6/summer-and-heat-stress.
Zaghari, M. and M. Mohiti Asli .2010. Effects of vitamin E and C on the performance of laying hens, eggcholesterol and blood parameters. Journal of Veterinary Research, 66(2): 137-142.
Zhang, C., Zhn, W., Guan, X. and Song, J. 2006. Effect of interaction between dietary zinc and vitamin A in broilers on performance, immunity, ALPW and CuZn-SOI activity and serum Insulin Concentration. World Journal of Zoology, 1(1): 17-23.
