EFFECT OF STANDARD TANNIN ON IN VITRO RUMEN METHANE REDUCTION AND RUMEN FERMENTATION  CHARACTERISTICS

A. Bharathidhasan

doi:10.56093/ijvasr.v47i4.137899

Authors

A. Bharathidhasan Assistant Professor, Department of Animal Nutrition, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai-600 007, Tamil Nadu

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijvasr.v47i4.137899

Keywords:

Tannin, methane, in vitro rumen fermentation, dairy cattle

Abstract

Methane is normally emitted by ruminants and represents a loss of feed energy by 8-12 %. Various feeding strategies are used to reduce the methane emission from ruminants for sustainable animal production. In this context an experiment was conducted to find out the effect of a standard tannin on rumen methane reduction and rumen fermentation characteristics for dairy cattle by in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT). The IVGPT was carried out by incubating the Cumbu Nappier hybrid (CO4) grass and rumen liquor with standard tannin at varying level viz. 0, 1.03, 2.06, 3.09 and 4.12 % of substrate in six replicates in shaking water bath for a period of 24 hours. After 24 hours the total gas production and pH were measured and methane was estimated in Gas Chromatography. The in vitro true dry matter digestibility (IVTDMD) was estimated and methane emission (ml) per 100 mg truly digested substrate was calculated. The rumen fermentation characteristics were also studied. The total gas production was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in 2.06 %, 3.09 % and 4.12 % standard tannin supplemented groups than other treatment groups. The methane production was significantly (p<0.05) decreased by 11.98 %, 29.34 %, 33.47 % and 34.71 % in 1.03 %, 2.06 %, 3.09 % and 4.12 % tannin levels, respectively than control. A highly significant (p<0.01) reduction of methane was observed at minimum level of standard tannin (2.06 %) per 100 mg of truly digested substrate, when compared to control. The rumen ammonia nitrogen, total bacteria and total protozoa were significantly reduced in tannin treated groups when compared to control. The other fermentation characteristics viz. IVTDMD, pH, TVFA, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and acetate propionate ratio were not differed among treatment groups. It was concluded that at minimum concentration of 2.06 % of standard tannin significantly reduced the methane emission, percentage of methane on total gas production and methane (ml) per 100 mg of truly digested substrate (p<0.01) than control without any adverse effect on rumen fermentation characteristics by IVGPT.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alexander,G., B.Sing, A. Sahoo and T.K. Bhat, 2008. In Vitro screening of plant extracts to enhance the efficiency of utilization of energy and nitrogen in ruminant diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 145: 229-244.

Animut, G., A.L. Goetsch, R. Puchala, A.K. Patra, T. Sahlu, V.H. Varel and J.Wells, 2008. Methane emission by goats consuming diets with different levels of condensed tannins from Lespedeza. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 144: 212-227.

Bento, M., H.P.S. Makkar and T. Acamovic, 2005. Effect of mimosa tannins and pectin on microbial protein synthesis and gas production during in vitro fermentation of 15N-labelled maize shoots. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 123-124: 365-377.

Bharathidhasan, A., K. Viswanathan, V. Balakrishnan, C. Valli, S. Ramesh and T.M.A. Sethilkumar, 2013. Effects of purified saponin on rumen methanogenesis and rumen fermentation characteristics studied using in vitro gas production technique. International Journal of Veterinary Science. 2(2): 44-49

Bharathidhasan, A., K. Viswanathan, V.Balakrishnan, C. Valli, R.Karunakaran and S.Ezhilvalavan, 2014. Effect of standard tannin on rumen methane emission by in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT). In: Global Animal Nutrition Conference (GLANCE 2014) on Climate Resilient Livestock Feeding Systems for Global Food Security at Bengaluru,19-21, April 2014, pp:304

Bharathidhasan, A., R. Karunakaran, T.R. Pugazhenthi and S. Ezhilvalavan, 2016. The effect of supplemental organic acid on methane reduction to decrease the global warming from dairy cattle. Interational Journal of Advanced Chemical Science and Applications (IJACSA). 3 (4):60-64

Bhatta, R., Y.Uyeno, K.Tajima, A.Takenaka, Y. Yabumoto, I. Nonaka, O. Enishi and M.Kurihara, 2009. Difference in the nature of tannins on in vitro ruminal methane and volatile fatty acid production and on methanogenic archaea and protozoal populations. J. Dairy Sci., 92: 5512–5522

Briceno, G.E.M., C.A.S.Castro, L.R. Aviles and C.M.C. Leal, 2005. Defaunating capacity of tropical fodder trees: effects of poly ethylene glycol and its relationship to in vitro gas production. Anim. Feed Sci.Technol., 123: 313-327.

Carulla, J.E., M.Kreuzer, A.Machmuller and H.D.Hess, 2005. Supplementation of Acacia mearnsii tannin decreases methanogenesis and urinary nitrogen in forage fed sheep. Aust.J.Agric. Res.,56 : 961-970.

Castro-Montoya, J.M., H.P.S. Makkar and K. Becker, 2011. Chemical composition of rumen microbial fraction and fermentation parameters as affected by tannis and saponins using an in vitro rumen fermentation systems. Can.J.Anim.Sci., 91:433-448.

Chase LE, 1990. Analysis of fatty acids by packed column gas chromatography.G.C., Bulletin 856, Division of Rohand Has. Supelcom, pp: 1-12.

Gall LS, W Burroughs, P Gerlaugh and BH Edgington, 1949. Special methods for rumen bacterial studies in the field. J.Anim.Sci., 8:433-440.

Getachew.G., W.Pittroff, D.H.Putnam, A.Dandekar, S.Goyal E.J.Depeters, 2008. The influence of addition of gallic acid, tannic acid or quebracho tannins to alfalfa hay on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial protein synthesis, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 40: 444-461.

Heins, Y., H.Tagari and R.Volcani, 1964. Effect of water extracts on carob pods, tannic acid and their derivatives on the morphology and growth of micro organusms. Appl. Microbiol., 12: 204-209.

Hess.H.D, T.T.Tiemann, F.Noto, J.E.Carulla, M.Kreuzer, 2006. Startegic use of tannins as means to limit methane emission from ruminant livestock. International congress series, 1293:164-167.

Jayanegara, G.Goel, H.P.S.Makkar and K.Becker, 2010. Reduction in Methane Emissions from Ruminants by Plant Secondary Metabolites: Effects of Polyphenols and Spaonins. In. N.E. Odongo, M.Gracia and G.J.Viljoen (eds), ‘Sustainable Improvement of Animal Production and Health. FAO, Rome, 2010: 151-157.

Johnson, K.A and D.E. Johnson, 1995. Methane emissions from cattle, Journal of Animal Science, 73: 2483– 2492.

Bharathidhasan Kessel, J.S.V and J.B. Russel, 1996. The Effect of pH on Ruminal Methanogenesis..U.S. Dairy Forage Research Center, Research Summaries, pp: 90-92.

Makkar H.P.S., M.Blummel and K. Becker, 1995. In vitro effects of and interactions between tannins and saponins and fate of tannins in the rumen. J.Sci.Food Agric., 69: 481-493.

Makkar, H.P.S and K. Becker, 1996. Effect of Quillaja saponaria on in vitro rumen fermentation. Adv.Exp. Med. Biol., 405:387-394

McSweeny, C.S., B.Palmer, D.M. McNeil and D.O. Krause, 2001. Microbial interactions with tannins. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 91: 83-93.

Menke, K.H., H Steingass, 1988. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, (28) 7–55.

Moir RJ, 1951. The seasonal variation in the ruminal microorganism of grazing sheep. Aust. J. Agric. Res,. 27: 322.

Moss A.R, J.P. Jouany and C.J. Newbold, 2000. Methane production by ruminants: its contribution to global warming. Ann. Zootech, 49: 231–235.

Patra, A.K., D.N. Kamra and N. Agarwal, 2006. Effect of plant extracts on in vitro methanogenesis, enzyme activities and fermentation of feed in rumen liquor of buffalo. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 128: 276–291.

Patra, A.K and J. Saxena, 2011. Exploitation of dietary tannins to improve rumen metabolism and ruminant nutrition, J. Sci. Food Agric., 91:24-37.

Pellikaan.W.F., E. Stringano, J. Leenaars, D.J.G.M.Bongers, S.V.L.Van schuppen, J.Plant and I.M.Harvey, 2011. Evaluating effects of tannins

on extent and rate of in vitro gas and CH4 production using an automated pressure evalution system (APES). Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 166-167: 377-390.

Pen, B., C. Sar, B. Mwenya, M. Kuwaki, R. Morikawa and J. Takahashi, 2006. Effects of Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria extracts on in vitro ruminal fermentation and methane emission. Animal Feed Science and Technology, (129):175–186.

Ramirez-Restrepo, C.A and T.N.Barry, 2005. Alternative temperate forages containing secondary compounds for improving sustainable productivity in grazing ruminants. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 120: 4179 – 4201.

Sliwinski.B.J., C.R.Soliva, A.Machmuller and M.Kreuzer, 2002. Efficacy of plant extracts rich in secondary constituents to modify rumen fermentation, Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 101:101-114.

Smith, A.H., E.G.Zoetendal and R.I. Mackie, 2005. Bacterial mechanisms to overcome inhibitory effects of dietary tannins. Microbial. Ecol., 50: 197–205.

Snedecor GW and WC Cochran, 1989. 8 th edn. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. Statistical Methods

Tagari,H., Y.Heins, M.Tamir and R.Volcani, 1965. Effect of carob pod extract on cellulolysis, proteolysis, deamination and protein biosynthesis in an artificial rumen. Appl. Microbiol., 13: 437-442.

Tavendale, M.H., L.P.Meagher, D.Pacheco, N.Walker, G.T. Attawood and S. Sivakumaran, 2005. Methane production from in vitro rumen incubations with Lotus pedunculatus and Medicago sativa and effects of extractable condensed tannin fractions on methanogenesis. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., 123-124: 403-419.

Van Soest PJ and Robertson. 1988. A Laboratory manual for animal science, 612, Ithacany: Cornell University.

Vieira, S.C and A.E.S. Borba, 2011. Effects of condensed tannins from Quebracho extract on the kinetic of in vitro gas production on Trifolium repens, Lotus corniculatus and Lolium perenne. Jl. Agricul. Sci. Technol., B1: 982-988.