NUTRITIONAL AND BIOLOGICAL METHODS OF NITROGEN EMISSION REDUCTION ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE OF GUINEAFOWL

A. Nithyavani; G. Srinivasan; A. V. Omprakash; P. TensinghGnanaraj; B. Samuel Masilamoni Ronald; R. Richard Churchil; Pachipala Radha Satya

doi:10.56093/ijvasr.v53i5.162199

Authors

A. Nithyavani Veterinary Assistant Surgeon, Animal Husbandry Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Vellore
G. Srinivasan Professor and Head, Dept. of Poultry Management, Suguna Institute of Poultry Management, Udumalpet.
A. V. Omprakash Professor and Head (Redt.), Poultry Research Station, TANUVAS, Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai
P. TensinghGnanaraj Professor, Post Graduate Research Institute in Animal Sciences, Kattupakkam
B. Samuel Masilamoni Ronald Professor, Dept. of Veterinary Microbiology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai
R. Richard Churchil Professor and Head, Dep.pf Poultry Science, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai
Pachipala Radha Satya Postgraduate Scholar, Dept. of Poultry Science, Madras Veterinary College, TANUVAS, Chennai

https://doi.org/10.56093/ijvasr.v53i5.162199

Keywords:

Biological strategies, Growth performance, Guinea fowl, Nitrogen emission

Abstract

Reducing crude protein (CP) level in the feed without altering the amino acid contents by supplementing synthetic amino acids to reduce nitrogen excretion, adding ofexogenous protease enzyme infeed to improve nitrogen utilization and treating litter with the culture ofMethylomonas methanica (MM) to prevent methane emission from litter are the proven methods in commercial poultry production, especially in broiler farming to protect the environment. However, the efficacy of these nitrogen emission reduction strategies on the performance and economics of guinea fowl in intensive production has not been studied adequately. Therefore, a biological experiment was conducted with high protein (HP) diets with (Tl) or without (T2) fish meal (FM) and low protein (LP) diets added with exogenous protease enzyme with (T3) or without (T4) FM. The levels of critical amino acids in all the feed were balanced with the supplementation of synthetic amino acids. These treatments contained six replicates of each with 15-day-old keets. At the start of ninth week, the litter of three replicates from each treatment was sprayed with MM culture additionally, forming four more treatment groups, from T5 to T8 respectively. The results of the study indicated that replacing FM with plant protein sources did not affect body weight. The overall trend revealed that the reduction of CP by 2% had a negative (P<0.05) impact on body weight; while, the addition of protease in feed had no notable effect. The feed consumption was not affected by the withdrawal of FM or reducing CP level by 2% ordietary protease supplementation or MM litter treatment. The feed efficiency was negatively impacted (P<0.05) by withdrawal ofFMin high and low protein diets; -while, feed efficiency -was not improved by protease supplementation in LP diets. The level of CP or -withdrawal FM or protease enzyme supplementation in the ration did not affect livability. The MM litter treatment did not affect gro-wth rate, feed consumption, feed efficiency and livability of guinea fowls. The results indicated that the benefit-cost ratio could be improved in guinea fowls by using low CP feed.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Araujo, I.C.S., Guaman, C.G., Sousa, L.S., Santos, H.J.B., Lopes, T.S.B., Costa, B.T.A. and Lara, L.J.C. (2023). Guinea fowl production in the world. World's Poultry Science Journal, 79(2): 379 - 390.

Aziz, M.A., Khandaker, Z.H. and Islam, M.M. (2001). Effect of replacing protein from fish meal with soybean on the performance of broiler chicken. Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 18: 23 - 28.

Belloir, P., Meda,B-, Lambert, W., Corrent, E., Juin, H., Lessire, M. and Tesseraud, S. (2017). Reducing the CP content in broiler feeds: impact on animal performance, meat quality and nitrogen utilization. Animal, 11: 1881 -1889.

Benahmed, S., Askri, A., de Rauglaudre, T., Letoumeau-Montminy, M.P. and Alnahhas, N. (2023). Effect of reduced crude protein diets supplemented with free limiting amino acids on body weight, carcass yield, and breast meat quality in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 102(11): 103041.

Bemacki, Z., Kokoszynski, D. and Bawej, M. (2013). Laying performance, egg quality and hatching results in two guinea fowl genotypes. Archiv fur Geftugelkunde, 77: 109-115.

Chrystal, P.V., Moss A.F., Khoddami, A., Naranjo, V.D., Selle, P.H. and Liu, S.Y. (2020a). Effects of reduced crude protein levels, dietary electrolyte balance, and energy density on the performance of broiler chickens offered maize-based diets with evaluations of starch, protein, and amino acid metabolism. Poultry Science, 99(3): 1421 - 1431.

Chrystal, P.V., Moss, A.F., Khoddami, A., Naranjo, V.D., Selle, P.H. and Liu, S.Y. (2020b). Impacts of reduced-crude protein diets on key parameters in male broiler chickens offered maize-based diets. Poultry Science, 99(1): 505-516.

de Rauglaudre, T., Meda, B., Fontaine, S., Lambert, W., Foumel, S. and Letoumeau-Montminy, M.P. (2023). Meta-analysis of the effect of low-protein diets on the growth performance, nitrogen excretion, and fat deposition in broilers. Frontiers in Animal Science, 4. doi: https://doi. org/10.3389/fanim.2023.1214076.

Ferguson, N.S., Gates, R.S., Taraba. J.L., Cantor. A.H., Pescatore, A.J., Ford. M.J. and Bumham D.J. (1998). The effect of dietary crude protein on growth, ammonia concentration, and litter composition in broilers. Poultry Science, 77: 1481 - 1487.

Issaka, YB. and Yeboah, R.W.N. (2016). Socio-economic attributes of guinea fowl production in two districts in Northern Ghana. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 11(14): 1209 -1217.

Law, F.L., Zulkifli, 1., Soleimani, A.F., Liang, J.B. and Awad, E.A. (2018). The effects of low-protein diets and protease supplementation on broiler chickens in a hot and humid tropical environment. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 31: 1291 -1300.

Madigan, M.T. and Martino, J.M. (2006). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (11th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall, NJ 07458, USA. p 136. ISBN 0-13-196893-9.

Mahmood, T., Mirza, M.A., Nawaz, H. and Shahid, M. (2017). Effect of different exogenous proteases on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass response in broiler chickens fed poultry by-product meal-based diets. Livestock Science, 200: 71-75.

Mikulec, Z., Mas, N., Masek, T. and Strmotic, A. (2004). Soybean meal and sunflower meal as a substitute for fish meal in broiler diet. Veterinarski Arhiv, 74: 271 - 279.

Moran, Jr. E.T., Bushong, R.D. and Bilgili, S.F. (1992). Reducing dietary crude protein for broilers while satisfying amino acid requirements by least-cost formulation: live performance, litter composition and yield of fast-food carcass cuts at six weeks. Poultry Science, 71: 1687-1694.

Ndazigaruye, G., Kim, D.H., Kang, C.W., Kang, K.R., Joo, Y.J., Lee, S.R. and Lee, K.W. (2019). Effects of low- protein diets and exogenous protease on growth performance, carcass traits, intestinal morphology, cecal volatile fatty acids and serum parameters in broilers. Animals, 9: 226.

Olomu, J.M. and Offiong, S.A. (1980). The effects of different protein and energy levels and time of change from starter to finisher ration on the performance of broiler chickens in the tropics. Poultry Science, 59(4): 828 - 535.

Park, J.H, Lee, S.I. and Kim, I.H. (2020). The effect of protease on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and expression of growth-related genes and amino acid transporters in broilers. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 62(5): 614 - 627.

Rehman, Z.U., Kamran, J., El-Hack, M.E., Abd.Alagawany, M., Bhatti, S.A., Ahmad, G., Saleem, A., Ullah, Z., Yameen, R.M.K. and Ding, C. (2018). Influence of low-protein and low-amino acid diets with different sources of protease on performance, carcasses and nitrogen retention of broiler chickens. Animal Production Science, 58: 1625- 1631.

Shao, D., Shen, Y, Zhao, X., Wang, Q., Hu, Y, Shi, S. and Tong, H. (2018). Low- protein diets with balanced amino acids reduce nitrogen excretion and foot pad dermatitis without affecting the growth performance and meat quality of free- range yellow broilers, Italian Journal of Animal Science, 17(3): 698 - 705.

Snedecor, D.W. and Cochran, W.G. (1994). Statistical methods. 9th Edition. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.